Njengoba amafilimu lizwakalise: izici, umlando kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Namuhla sizoxoxa kanjani banike izwi amafilimu. Lapho kufika talkies? Yini ubuchwepheshe asetshenziselwa? Yini edingekayo ukuze udale umsindo izinga? Kuleli hhayi kuphela izinto ezengeziwe.

Umlando omfishane

Ngesikhathi kokusungulwa cinema isintu ekurekhodeni ubuchwepheshe kwaba etholakalayo. Ngenxa yale njongo sasivame idivayisi ngokuthi negilamafoni. Imizamo yokuqala at ngokuhlanganisa izithombe ezihambayo esibukweni ngomsindo umsunguli kuthathwe uThomas Edison emuva ngo-1894. Lokho co-kwentiwe nomsizi wakhe uWilliam Dixon wadala ngowokuqala ifilimu movie, okuyinto kwakuzwakala nkulumo kanje: "Sawubona, uMnu Edison, Ngithemba niyajabula idatha ebhayisikobho?" Nokho, lo mshini asitholanga isicelo yayo, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi kwakunzima kakhulu ukwakha okurekhodiwe eliphezulu ncamashi ukukuvumelanisa vidiyo.

Isimiso Edison efanayo, wazama ukwenza ngokoqobo umkhiqizi French Leon Gomon. Ngo-1900, wakwazi ukuvumelanisa nge igilamafoni okuthiwa Lumiére apharathasi esasetshenziswa ukwakheka kwendaba ividiyo. Ukusungulwa kuseyindlela ilukuluku lobuchwepheshe kanye cinema umsindo ayizange ezimiselwe ziyaphuma ngisho amashumi eminyaka.

Okokuqala ezashiwo ifilimu

Kuze kube sekupheleni-yalolucwaningo 30 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka, zonke yamafilimu "eyisimungulu." Izibukeli isithombe kuphela aphakanyisiwe, okuyinto ubephelezelwa umculo. Kamuva namanje kwathiwa kusungulwe uhlelo olukwazi ucishe ezivumelanisiwe izinga umsindo vidiyo. Nokho, yimpumelelo emisha studio wahlangana ngokucophelela okukhulu. Isizathu kwaba sekungavumi abaphathi okwengeziwe izinkampani inzuzo ukuchitha imali ukwethulwa womsindo nebhande lakhe.

Abaphikisi ukudalwa amafilimu umsindo babekhona nabo abadlali abaziwayo. Ikakhulu, i-nosomahlaya abadumile Charlie Chaplin wakhuluma ukuqaliswa ubuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni ifilimu njengoba ikhambi "ukubulala" inkulumo bokubeka leso sinyathelo futhi isifiso sokuba nokucwaninga zokudala. Noma kunjalo, umsindo elisavulekele kungenzeka ukudala izigcawu lelandzisako kangcono.

'Thulile' ifilimu uyaqhubeka ukujabulela impumelelo nezethameli ebanzi kuze 1927, lapho izikrini kwavela umsindo ifilimu wokuqala emlandweni. Umdwebo esithi "Jazz Umculi", ubephelezelwa hhayi kuphela ukucula, kodwa futhi kwadingeka mpendulwano okunenjongo ezihambisana nesimo sobuso abadlali. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule ifilimu kukhona kafushane ezimbalwa kuphela, tape ebangele furor emphakathini futhi wanikeza isiqalo esihle ekuthuthukiseni ifilimu umsindo.

ukuqopha ubuchwepheshe umsindo

Njengoba ama-movie lizwakalise? Ezinsukwini zokuqala cinema ngokuqukethwe inkhulumomphendvulwano ekubeni umsindo Phonographic wahlala. Ngamanye amazwi, kwakukhona befilimu endaweni opaque, okuyinto lasetshenziswa the track yomsindo. Ububanzi ushintsho lokugcina, esekelwe kunyakaza umsindo.

Ikhwalithi ephakeme "kazibuthe" umsindo uvele 50s. Ubuchwepheshe kwaba ukudala strip ezondile a oxide metal ifilimu, kusuka lapho ithonya umsindo inhloko kazibuthe, efana unomshini wokuqopha. Lokhu wavula ithuba hhayi kuphela ukurekhoda inkhulumomphendvulwano, kodwa futhi ukwakha eliphezulu imiphumela stereoscopic. Lobu buchwepheshe livame ukusetshenziswa kuze kube yilolu suku, yize ukudala umsindo digital.

Izindlela ifilimu amagoli

Futhi manje mayelana nendlela ukuqopha izwi nokuveza movie. Lapha, indlela engasetshenziswa ukunqunywa ngaphambi noma ngemva kwalokhu eziningi umsindo kuvidiyo. Indlela sokuqala sihilela ukulungiswa phonograms ngaphambi kokuqala sokudubula. Ngakho-ke, kamuva nabadlali isinyathelo ngokuvumelana soundtrack kakade kuqedile lapho ubuye udlalelwe kusayithi. Indlela sandile ekwenziweni ifilimu umsindo. Okwamanje, noma aphendukele ekuthengiseni ke, ikakhulukazi lapho ethatha umdanso nomculo izigcawu, ukudala imikhiqizo ithelevishini.

Ngenxa indlela amagoli okwalandela, lapha, njengoba ungase ukuqagela kusuka kakhulu incazelo, aye ayisebenzisa kaningi ukudalwa izingoma emva kokuphothulwa umsebenzi ifilimu. Ukuqopha kanye le ndlela kuvela studio lapho abadlali nokuzala imisindo kudingekile, ukubukela endaweni yesehlakalo ephethe iqhaza lalo esikrinini ekhethekile.

Ukudala imiphumela

Ekhuluma njengomunye movie lizwakalise, asikwazi ngigxile ukuthi, lapho imiphumela yokuqhuma, wadlulisa umoya, izinyoni ukucula, nezinye. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi indlela eshibhe ukudala kubo usebenzisa umshini digital. Kodwa, Isimanga siwukuthi, ngisho synthesizers engcono yesimanje ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza a Hack. Ngakho-ke, abadali movie ningasindisi inhlangano imali ephezulu izinga full-scale ukurekhoda. Ukuze uthole nokububula kolwandle, abahleli babe ukuya ogwini. Ukurekhoda Ochwepheshe umsindo Bang luvutha dynamite izinti endle. Futhi lokhu kusebenza cishe kuyo yonke imiphumela elisetshenziswa cinema yesimanje.

Ngo arsenal of "Foley" has a tinhlobo letibanti letehlukene temasu ejwayelekile ukuthi enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukudala ezithile umsindo trudnovosproizvodimye. Ngeke uhlu uhlu oluphelele amadivaysi atholakalayo. Thina uma sibala ezimbalwa zazo kuphela:

• Sound izinselo amahhashi '- amagalelo yenza kakhukhunathi endaweni eqinile.
• I ziwe ithambo - kwasani ezithelo microphone isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi noma pasta.
• Izinyathelo eqhweni - ecindezela upulasitiki egcwele isitashi.
• Imisindvo ngezibhakela ukushaya inyama ngesikhathi elwa - kokukokoda isidumbu sesilwane noma ikhabe.
• ubuchwepheshe Collision - ashaye ku ibhokisi lensimbi egcwele amathuluzi.

Ubani lizwakalise movie eRussia?

Ekulungiseleleni show amafilimu angaphandle nasezindaweni zokubukela ibhayisikobho yasekhaya aye ayisebenzisa kaningi indlela dubbing. Inqubo efanayo, kulandele sonication. Umehluko uba nesidingo sokuba nenguqulo kwamazwi bese kubekwa umbhalo Russian, ngokuvumelana ukulingisa ukujikeleza abadlali. Phakathi ukuphindaphindeka umsindo ithrekhi yasekuqaleni kusulwe ngokuphelele bese esikhundleni ngezwi futhi umsindo sihambisana entsha.

Futhi ngubani lizwakalise amafilimu ngesiRashiya? Ekulungiseleleni amafilimu, senzelwe ukubonisa esikrinini ububanzi, evame ukuba khona abadlali professional, okuyinto ukudala izwi-phezu, okuyinto kudinga afanayo ukuhambisana. Kepha amateyipu inyatheliswe amadiski nezinye kwisitoreji semidiya ngokomzimba, lapha funa movie lizwakalise Goblin (Dmitriem Puchkovym) noma ezinye abaculi amateur abanolwazi dubbing. Kulo mBhalo, ngokuvamile isetshenziswa phezu yasekuqaleni umsindo kabani ivolumu ithuliswe kancane.

Beshaya ngo films animated

Lapho edala izithombe aphendukele ekuthengiseni oyi-ukurekhoda umsindo. Ngamanye amazwi, sizimisele cartoon abalingiswa evelayo lapho izithombe zawo. Ubude besikhathi imishwana kanye nemisindo is afakwe amashidi ekhethekile emva setfulo izilinganiso ukuthethwa kwecala. Konke lokhu kuvumela multipliers ukubala nenombolo ledzingekako izithombe okumele ibekwe amavidyo.

Ekuphetheni

Ngakho esiphethweni kanjani banike izwi amafilimu. Ngesinye isikhathi, ukuvela ubuchwepheshe buye zafaka umfutho abalulekile ekuthuthukiseni cinema wenza lolu hlobo lobuciko luthandwa kakhulu umphakathi. By the way, sibonga ukudalwa umsindo ifilimu uvele entsha, Izimiso yasekuqaleni sokudubula, kuhlanganise ububanzi futhi yonke indawo engezansi.