Ngobani izikhonzi ibhizinisi elincane? Umkhawulo inani labasebenzi, umkhawulo ngenzuzo, nokubika. ukwesekwa State amabhizinisi amancane

Uma uya ukuqala ibhizinisi elincane, kumele wazi ukuthi ngubani ongowakhe amabhizinisi amancane, kanye nezinzuzo bangalindela abantu bezokwazi ukuqala lo msebenzi.

Uhlolojikelele

Namuhla, izwe elibuswa umnotho emakethe. Yaba nokuxhumana qualitative bonke abahlanganyeli: medium, elincane, amafomu ezinkulu. Small, kanye namanye amaqembu amabili, ukubizwa ngokuthi nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho. Kwezomnotho, zabelwe indima sasivumela abalulekile.

Eminyakeni yamuva, emakethe ivame ukuba monopolization, futhi ngaleyo ndlela wathola izici ezintsha ukukhula ezinkulu. Kodwa ngokuvamile encane ligcwele ku nozakwabo anamandla kakhudlwana lula ibhizinisi abahlinzeki. Kodwa abanikazi abaningi amabhizinisi amancane nje asazi ukuthi yiziphi izinzuzo futhi ulahlekelwe, walahla ukuzimela. Wethule ngokuqondile abaseqinisweni amabhizinisi amancane ukuthi lowo muntu angase bathembele, kumnikazi wenkampani bacabange kaningi ukuthi zazidlula ngaphansi iphiko okuxhunyiwe.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi umnotho nezamabhizinisi amancane nje, like kwi yonke whale. Kwaba ku ibhizinisi elincane enjalo bathembele amafomu emikhulu. Ngakho-ke, singasho ngokuphepha ukuthi amabhizinisi amancane ibalulekile ngempela izwe nezwe wonkana.

Yini ephathelene?

Ukuze ubone ukuthi yini izinhlobo amabhizinisi uzotshelwa kamuva kulesi sihloko, kufanele uqale unike izibonelo amabhizinisi amancane. Empeleni, laba bantu ibhekene nsuku zonke. Kuyinto ezihlukahlukene kumahhovisi amancane tinhlangano nemabhizinisi lamancane kwezohwebo. Abasebenzi izinhlangano amancane (kufika ku izinkumbi zabantu), kanye nenzuzo mncane impela. Noma kunjalo, le nkampani elincane lapho wonke umuntu uyazi nomunye, uku ukhululekile ukusebenza emkhathini. Ngokuvamile, umnikazi wale nkampani yenza eziningi imisebenzi wamabhuku ezimali, isikhulu sentela, nokunye.

Namuhla, izinkampani ezincane - kuba impela i Inethiwekhi ebanzi yophathina esehlanganise cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha emakethe yangaphakathi. Lena iqembu elikhulu ashukumisayo izinkampani. Zezomnotho bathi ubandlululo "nezimo" ingxenye yebhizinisi sikahulumeni. Noma ubani kungokwalabo amabhizinisi amancane, hhayi kuphela ukuze uxazulule izinkinga zomnotho, kodwa futhi ithuluzi eliphumelelayo ukuqeda nobunzima emphakathini.

mayelana imigomo

Ngaphambi kokuthi baqonde ukuthi ibhizinisi elincane, kanye izibonelo amabhizinisi amancane, pre-isidingo lamukele kahle ukuthi ibhizinisi bebonke.

Izincazelo salokhu umqondo yasungulwa ezimbalwa, kodwa ingakhishwa generalized. Khona-ke sithi sikhuluma lolodaba, okuyinto kokubili kuhle umphakathi, futhi kunezinzuzo kwezomnotho kumniniyo. Kule kusobala ukuthi kwezamabhizinisi kuyinto ezimele, esebenzayo, abhanqiwe nokukhiqizwa kwezimpahla kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwemisebenzi. Lokhu kwenzeka zonke izinto ngaphansi umthwalo umnikazi. Kakhulu esihlobene umnotho nezamabhizinisi, njengoba kwasho nemfuneko isifiso isihloko izinzuzo hhayi kuphela lomphakathi kodwa futhi ukuze kuzuze.

Futhi kuthiwani ngezindlela ezincane?

Ngobani izikhonzi ibhizinisi elincane? I amagama senzelwe ukubandakanya kuleli qembu labo bantu, izinhlangano ezingokomthetho ezisebenza izimo ephezulu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko inkampani - inzuzo esiphezulu etholwe ngesikhathi enza noma ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla namasevisi.

Isibaluli kulesi sigaba kuphela lezo zinkampani ukuthi nemfuneko elisungulwe imithetho ekhona.

Indlela lihlukaniswe?

Yiqiniso, inhlangano amabhizinisi amancane - kuyinto afanayo omkhulu. zindlela eziningana eziye zasungulwa, okuvumela ukwaba amaqembu lusekelwe ebufakazini ethize umgomo. Namuhla, imingcele alandelayo asetshenziselwa evamise:

• Inani labasebenzi;
• inani capital, engabhalisiwe;
• Amapharamitha wezimali;
• uhlobo umsebenzi.

Ukwabiwa sokunquma ukuthayipha ezincane usayizi ibhizinisi wahlanganyela Bolton myalo, wathola igama layo yokudumisa usozimboni enkulu isiZulu Mettyu Boltona, owaphila ekhulwini XVIII. Ochwepheshe inhlangano sehlukaniswe zindlela ezintathu, owawuthi uma umuntu angakhuluma okuqondene amafomu ezincane:

• Ukulinganiselwa ukumaketha amakhono, esinciphisa esinakho.
• Ukuzibusa ngaphandle umbono yomthetho, elivumela umnikazi ukuba baxazulule zonke izinkinga kwalo yedwa.
• ukuphathwa eliyimfihlo inkampani ngumnikazi, nhlobo ukwenza izinqumo njengoba kuvunyelwe umthetho, eyisebenzisa.

Futhi okwamanje ibhizinisi elincane noma cha?

Indlela ukunquma ukuthi ngaphambi isihloko ibhizinisi elincane? Lezi zindlela esebenzayo ezweni lethu, imi kanje:

• abasebenzi afinyelela ku-100 abantu;
• VAT izimali akuzona ezingaphezu kuka-800 abangafani.

Bafaka esikhundleni ngaphansi Federal Law No. 209, bamukela 24.07.2007.

Yini inzuzo?

Lapho ehlaziya umthetho ku kwezamabhizinisi Iinhlangano ngabanye, kungenzeka ukuhlonza ukuthi kungokwalabo ifomu ongaphakeme, singaxoxa ngokuphepha mayelana eziningi eziwusizo ukuthi awatholakali amafomu ezinkulu. Futhi okokuqala kwezithelo zonke ingasaphathwa ubuhlobo ngqo izimpahla umthengi kanye nezinsizakalo. Izinkampani ezisebenza emkhakheni lokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshashintshayo emakethe futhi nezidingo zamakhasimende kweso. Isizathu siwukuthi yenkampani nezimo futhi bakwazi ukujwayela umbono wekhasimende ukukhethwa umkhiqizo ukuqinisekisa.

Ifomu amabhizinisi amancane ukuthi lezi zinhlangano babe cishe akukho mthetho sama yangaphakathi, kusobala ukuthi izindleko ze-non-yokusebenza ziyancipha kuya kungenzeka ubuncane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le nhlangano uhlale beyofuna abahlinzeki ezintsha ukunciphisa izinto ezinhlelweni zokuthenga izindleko. Namuhla, umncintiswano emakethe kuphezulu, ngakho yonke inkampani encane kakhulu incike ngokuchichima amakhasimende ukuphuma amasevisi ayo, kanye kusuka nabaphakeli.

Zokuqala futhi best

Uyini "isihloko ibhizinisi elincane"? Isimo sokunquma ukuhlukanisa leli qembu ibhizinisi, ezifana ukuthi ukuzimelela ngamunye, kufaneleka, libhekene:

• Ukuzibophezela lekucamba. Lokhu kunikeza umphetho ukuncintisana. Imininingwane yalolu lokhu ukuthi izinkampani ezincane ngokubambisana nezinhlangano ezinkulu, ngakho-ke kumele baphendule ngokushesha ezimweni ezishintshayo, ukuze singalahlekelwa iklayenti futhi ungabi isiphukuphuku. Kwaba ukwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqeda lesi simo.
• Ikhono ukuhlanganisa kungazweli. izinkampani ezincane kungaba ithimba nezinye izinhlangano ukuwusekela ukuze abancintisana naye. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nosomabhizinisi abehlukene, okuholela ibhizinisi yobukhulu bawo amancane, lizosizana, zingamelana ngisho emakethe giant. Nokho, efika ukusiza umthetho ku kwezamabhizinisi, kanye nomthetho obusa monopolization emakethe.

ubuthakathaka

Uma konke kuhle, kungani-ke, kudingeka ukwesekwa nguhulumeni ibhizinisi elincane? Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlangano ezincane njalo ebhekene ezahlukene nobunzima, boni lapho uwubona okokuqala. Ikakhulukazi, imisebenzi ehilela:

• okwandisa ingozi, ngenxa yalokho wathi mayelana nokuntengantenga yazo zonke izinto babezihlanganyela;
• ukuncika izinhlangano ezinkulu;
• bomsebenzi eliphansi ukuphathwa;
• ezifweni yezimo emakethe;
• izinkinga zezimali;
• nobunzima ubambisene nezinye izinhlangano okuyiwona isiphelo sesimiso izivumelwano ne ibhizinisi elincane kuhilela izingozi ehlukahlukene.

Lapho Eluma izicathulo

Prakthiza ebonisa ukuthi ukwehluleka avame cuphuluza le ukuhluleka lwabaphathi yokukhetha inkambo yokungathathi inkampani. Bambalwa bayakwazi kahle ukusungula othintana zebhizinisi kanye nokugcina oxhumana ibhizinisi. Ngokuvamile inkampani kancane kancane baguqulwe (okungenani ingxenye) of ubudlelwano imali zemvelo lapho ukusebenza ngokoqobo "Bash ngesikhathi Bash." Konke lokhu kuholela nobunzima kule ukusebenza, ephambanisa imibhalo intela, futhi ekugcineni kuholela ibhizinisi wokugoqa.

Sicela uqaphele, namuhla wavula eziningi izifundo term lamafisha, yakhelwe ukuqeda ukungazi zomthetho futhi uchaze abantu indlela izici imithetho, futhi ikakhulukazi logic ibhizinisi. Abafundi abaya esikoleni kuzosiza:

• ukuthola ukuthi kungani futhi kanjani ugcwalise yokumenyezelwa ibhizinisi elincane;
• ufunde imithetho yokuziphatha emhlabeni ibhizinisi;
• bafunde ukuba akhethe inkambo efanele enhlanganweni yakho.

Yimiphi imithetho?

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi kukhona uhlelo lapho ukweseka isimo ibhizinisi elincane. Naphezu yinkimbinkimbi isakhiwo bureaucratic wezwe lakithi, lolu hlobo losizo ukuze osomabhizinisi eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwabonakala ukuthi ngempumelelo futhi usesize abantu abaningi ukuba silondoloze ibhizinisi labo nokuthuthukisa ke.

izimiso usizo njengoba kuhlinzekwe umthetho, lokhu okulandelayo:

• konke iqala nge ukuhanjiswa isicelo usomabhizinisi;
• ingqalasizinda iyatholakala kubo bonke abathintekayo;
• ukufinyelela kuzo zonke osomabhizinisi oluhambisana alinganayo lelipelwe e imithetho isimo izimo umthetho;
• ukwesekwa okuhambisana nezidingo zoMthetho Federal ngaphansi inombolo 135 sangomhla 26 Julayi 2006;
• zonke izigaba ukwesekwa ivulekele umphakathi ukwazi ukuwuthola.

Yini ukuba nawe?

Ukuze ukwazi ukuthola wombuso aid, usomabhizinisi kufanele babhale ifomu lesicelo. Imibhalo yokudla Okokuqala, futhi kuyadingeka ukunikeza iphepha okwakuyoholela uqinisekise ukuthi inhlangano empeleni kungokwalabo encane. Ukuze lokhu kube isiqinisekiso ukuthi bangaki abantu ukusebenza isimo inhlangano, futhi siyini lesi inzuzo yenkampani futhi ukuthi umkhawulo wemali engenayo siyenzeka.

Izinhlelo ngabanye kanye ezindaweni ezahlukene, izikhulu zakule ndawo Unelungelo ukuphoqelela izimiso eyengeziwe lapho abahlanganyeli ukhetha izinhlelo ezithile ukwesekwa. Uma lezi kukhona endaweni yakini, ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nabo abaphathi idolobha noma umzimba ekhethekile usethe ukuxhumana amafomu ibhizinisi elincane. It likhona zonke izindawo isimo.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi zikhulu asikufanele zidinga ukuthi umqashi imibhalo ukuthi kumele igcinwe uhulumeni, hhayi usomabhizinisi ezingalweni zakhe. Nokho, okuhlukile - ke amaphuzu ezishiwo 210 umthetho Federal lidlule 27.07.2010 iminyaka, okuyinto uhlu ngqo kwamatayitela kuyadingeka ukuthi unikezele, uma engaba usomabhizinisi unesithakazelo ethola usizo kuhulumeni.

Futhi konke lokhu?

Kukhona ezinye amabhizinisi amancane ezingeke osizweni oluvela kuhulumeni. Lokhu kusebenza ohlwini olulandelayo:

• izinkampani credit card, izinkampani zomshuwalense, zimali, izimali zempesheni, pawnshops, wabenza e kwamatayitela;
• izinhlangano bavumile phezu kwesigaba umkhiqizo;
• abasebenza ibhizinisi lokugembula;
• non-izakhamizi zezwe;
• amafemu ukuthi liqalise izimpahla excisable, amaminerali ezingavamile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, usizo akufanele ukubala uma:

• Azizange enikeziwe imibhalo;
• izimo zinganeliswa;
• ukwesekwa Kuye kwanikezwa ngaphambili, isikhathi ayizange usudlulile;
• kwatholakala ukuthi inkampani yephule umthetho, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ingakamiswa sekudlule iminyaka emithathu.

Zonke ngaphansi ukukhanya!

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-August 2016 e-Russian Federation sacala kusebenta irejista eyodwa amabhizinisi amancane. Ukuze ungene kuyo, kuzomele uvakashele Virtual Wide Web FTS zwe. Sicela uqaphele: ngaphandle amafomu ezincane, ebhukwini bazokwazi ukuthola idatha namabhizinisi naphakathi.

Kanjani wasabela ngokushesha emva kusungulwa abahlaziyi, i-project efanayo ezweni lethu, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi i entsha ngokuphelele, njengoba imithetho isimo avunyelwe Zilawula izinkampani owayemude encane. Ezikhathini zangaphambili, babenza okufanayo esifundeni ngayinye, yayingekho indlela acabangele ibhizinisi eyodwa. Kulesi inkampani encane kuphela kufakwe amarejista zendawo uma kucelwa ukusekela noma ezinye izinyathelo ezenziwe kuye. Kungenjalo, izinhlangano ezingokomthetho wahlala sengathi ongabonakali.

Isebenza kanjani?

Ukudala ebhukwini ozungezayo, okuyinto ozofika lonke lelo zwe, kwadingeka iphendukele yamafu. Ngakho-ke, idatha angacelwa kusuka kuphi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esikahle sokuba umfakisicelo, futhi uthole impendulo ngokushesha, ngokuqondile kudivayisi. Isicelo ingathunyelwa kusuka cishe kunoma amasu, kodwa kwakungekho ukufinyelela ku-intanethi.

Ukudala ebhukwini Kuhlanganisa ukuthola ulwazi mayelana kangakanani umuntu ovamile ukusebenza kule nkampani, kanye eseduze Iholo elingakanani yenhlangano. Ngezinye kumiswa bathunjelwa akhawunti hhayi kuphela inhlangano inkampani, kodwa futhi ukuze osomabhizinisi ngabanye. Abadali yethulwa kuleli isizinda idatha etholwe kusuka ku:

• USRLE;
• EGRIP;
• Ministry of Economic Development;
• kwemigwamanda enesibopho ezemfundo nocwaningo;
• "Skolkovo";
• MICEX.

Lokho ukhathazekile wonke bakwazi kahle ukusebenzisa umthombo labunjwa idokhumenti echaza inqubo wokusebenza. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "incwadi", wahlanganyela ukushicilelwa Federal Tax Service. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, le ncwadi ichaza ukuthi uzimele idatha yesikhashana (nje ungena ohlelweni ulwazi kanye nezicelo ukuthi okukhishwe kuwo).

Indlela sidalwe?

Ngokokuqala ngqá ebhukwini kwamiswa ngesisekelo imininingwane abayithole-2015. Ulwazi le oceliwe ukusuka izikhulu ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe umbiko ephelele kunayo inkinga. Kodwa uma inhlangano encane, ukwethulwa uhlu ihlangabezane phakathi nonyaka 2016-2018 isidingo ukulungisa imisebenzi yayo kanye idatha yayo ohlelweni liyoshintshwa kuphela 2019. Ikakhulukazi, ebhukwini zinguquko zizoboniswa ku isibalo kanye nosayizi okuholela inkampani ngezimali, kanye ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana usomabhizinisi.