Namaqhinga satirical inganekwane Saltykov-Shchedrin

Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin - umdali uhlobo olukhethekile etemibhalo - inganekwane satirical. izindaba ezincane umbhali Russian Olahlwe ubushiqela futhi autocracy, liberalism. Lesi sihloko sixoxa lemisebenzi Saltykov-Shchedrin, njengoba "umninindlu Wild", "Eagle-abavikela", "minnow Uhlakaniphile", "Carp-idealist."

Izici yezinganekwane Saltykov-Shchedrin

Inganekwane, lokhu umbhali angabhekisa kuye, ukuhlangabezana futhi allegory kanye elibi futhi ihaba. Zikhona izici isici lelandzisako Aesopian. Ukuxhumana phakathi izinhlamvu ezibonisa isimo sengqondo ezazikhona umphakathi kwekhulu XIX. Yiziphi izindlela ezisetshenziswa umbhali satirical? Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, kufanele kube kafushane ngokuphila kombhali ngakho okwalapha eqinile nakho ngeke kusize usole izwe ngaphambi kwabanikazi bamazwe.

ngembhali

Saltykov-Shchedrin kuhlanganiswe umsebenzi wakhe etemibhalo kanye inkonzo yomphakathi. Umlobi esizayo wazalwa esifundazweni Tver, kodwa ngemva kokuphela Lyceum waya Petersburg, lapho amukelwa khona isikhundla eHhovisi neMpi. Kakade eminyakeni yokuqala wokusebenza enhlokodolobha yase isikhulu abasha eqala bayethe ubushiqela, amanga, isithukuthezi ebusa izikhungo. Nge injabulo enkulu Saltykov-Shchedrin ukuwo kusihlwa ahlukahlukene tetemibhalo, okuyinto yayibuswa kwemizwelo antiserfdom. Izincwadi eveza imibono yakhe, wazisa Petersburgers endabeni "A Affair Complicated," "ukuphikisana". Ukuze yena wadingiselwa Vyatka.

Yempilo esifundazweni ekwenzele umbhali ukuba bagcine ngokuningiliziwe emhlabeni bureaucratic, impilo ngaphambi kwabanikazi bamazwe futhi abalimi abacindezelwe kubo. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho sekuyinto imisebenzi ebhaliwe kamuva, kanye kumiswa amasu ezikhethekile satirical. Njengoba aphila sikhathi sinye Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin wake wathi kuye: "Uyazi ukuthi isiRashiya, efana akekho omunye."

namaqhinga satirical Saltykov-Shchedrin

Umsebenzi wakhe wehlukile ngempela. Kodwa mhlawumbe ethandwa kakhulu phakathi imisebenzi Saltykov-Shchedrin kukhona Fairy nje izinganekwane. Kunezinhlobo eziningana amasu ezikhethekile satirical ngawo umbhali ubezama ukudlulisela abafundi inertia kanye falsity we umninindlu emhlabeni. Futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke kuba kuwumfuziselo. Ngo kumbhali lifihlakele wembula nezindaba zezombusazwe nezenhlalo ngokujulile ukuveza iphuzu yabo umbono.

Enye indlela - ukusetshenziswa Motifs kumnandi. Ngokwesibonelo, e "sikaKhisimusi mayelana kanjani ukuba umuntu oyedwa fed ojenene ababili" Bakhonza njengendlela yokuthola nkulumo wokunganeliseki ngokumelene kulendawo. Ekugcineni, ebhekisela amasu satirical Shchedrin, ingasaphathwa kufanekisa. Phela, amaqhawe inganekwane ngokuvamile akhombe omunye ga tetenhlalo letibalulekile kwekhulu XIX. Ngakho, izinhlamvu eyinhloko "Konyaga" kubonakala bonke ubuhlungu abantu isiRashiya, wayewaxinile eminyaka. Ngezansi uhlaziyo imisebenzi ekhethiwe Saltykov-Shchedrin. Yini amasu satirical elisetshenziswa kubo?

"Carp-idealist"

Kulesi tale ukubukwa lezihlakaniphi uzwakalise Saltykov-Shchedrin. namaqhinga satirical ukuthi ingatholakala umkhiqizo "Carp-idealist" - kuyinto umfanekiso, ukusetshenziswa amazwi ethandwa futhi izaga. Ngamunye izinhlamvu - isithombe lilonke abameleli isigaba emphakathini.

Uzungu kugxile inganekwane - a Carp ingxoxo futhi Ruff. Okokuqala, isivele wakuqonda isihloko somsebenzi ivame ukuba yalelozwe uyiphupho, ukholo okungcono. Ruff efanayo - kungcono Kunalokho, imibono abagxeki uyadelela nje umphikisi wakhe. Kukhona indaba, futhi uhlamvu lwesithathu - Pike. Le nhlanzi ezingaphephile elifanekisela Saltykov-Shchedrin, adingekayo e umkhiqizo. Pike waziwa ukudla carp. Kugcine, eliqhutshwa imizwa emihle kakhulu, it is ithunyelwa umhlaseli. Umthetho ngonya nemvelo (noma eminyaka esungulwe isigaba sabaphathi emphakathini) Karas ukholelwa. Wayethemba ukuthi ukubonisana Pike zamaqhawe amathuba alinganayo, injabulo jikelele, nobuhle. Ngakho-ke, bese siyafa. Pike, njengoba amanothi umbhali, igama elithi "ubuhle" engazazi.

amasu satirical azisetshenziselwa sokulahla rigidity we abamele ezigabeni ezithile emphakathini. Nabo, umlobi uzama ukudlulisela kobuze mpikiswano nozwela, ayetholakala ezindaweni phakathi nezihlakaniphi kwekhulu XIX.

"Umninindlu Wild"

serfdom ehlobene enikelwe eningi isikhala imisebenzi Saltykov-Shchedrin. Wayefanele engifuna ukukusho abafundi kule akhawunti. Nokho, ngokubhala izihloko lesibonwa ngobuhlobo we kulendawo ukuze abalimi noma ukushicilelwa imisebenzi yobuciko in the uhlobo okwangempela ngale ndaba kwakugcwele nemiphumela ebuhlungu umbhali. Ngakho-ke kwadingeka ukuba iphendukele allegories, kulula izindaba yamahlaya. Ngo "Umninindawo Wild," sikhuluma a umgabadeli ejwayelekile isiRashiya, hhayi erudition nokuhlakanipha ezingafani.

Uyazizonda "amadoda" kanye amaphupho abo okuba lime. Ngesikhathi umninindlu efanayo oyisiphukuphuku abazange baqonde ukuthi wayezokufa ngaphandle abalimi. Phela, akafuni ukwenza lutho, futhi akazi ukuthi. Omunye angase acabange ukuthi sibonelo we indaba oyiqhawe umninindlu, okuyinto, mhlawumbe, umbhali uhlangane nabo empilweni. Kodwa akukho. Lokhu akukona mayelana enye inkosi ethile. Futhi phezu ungqimba nomphakathi wonkana.

Ukuze ngokugcwele, ngaphandle circumlocutions, lesi sihloko Saltykov-Shchedrin kwembulwe "INkosi Golovlyovo". izinhlamvu Le noveli sika - abamele yesifundazwe lawela uhlobo - bayabulawa ngamunye ngamunye. Isizathu sokufa kwawo - abanobuphukuphuku, ukungazi, ubuvila. Uhlamvu inganekwane "Umnikazi wepulazi Wild," zabulawa. Phela, wayehawukela besusa abalimi, yakhishwa okokuqala yamjabulisa kodwa ukuphila ngaphandle kwabo yayingazimisele.

"Eagle-abavikela"

Amaqhawe le inganekwane - ezinkozi amagwababa. Eyokuqala lifanekisela bamazwe. Esesibili - abalimi. Umlobi futhi yakhetha ukwamukela allegory ngawo ihlekisa izenzo ezimbi abantu abanegunya. The tale ukhona Nightingale, Magpie, Lwesikhova kanye Woodpecker. Ngamunye izinyoni - kungukufanekisa ngohlobo lwabantu noma isigaba sezenhlalo. Abalingiswa e "orel-Maecenas" humanized ezingaphezu kuka, isibonelo, amaqhawe inganekwane "Carp-idealist." Ngakho, Woodpecker, yamabhuku uxabana, ngokugcwalisa umlando inyoni uye abe yisisulu nomzingeli, kodwa ewela ejele.

"Minnow Uhlakaniphile"

Njengoba imisebenzi echazwe ngenhla, kule indaba umlobi kuphakamisa izimpikiswano ngokuphathelene olufanele isikhathi. Futhi lapha kuyacaca kusukela imigqa yokuqala. Kodwa amasu satirical Saltykov-Shchedrin - usebenzisa izindlela kwezobuciko ngenxa ezibucayi ukukhubazeka isithombe yomphakathi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi jikelele. Elandisayo ku "inhlanzi ehlakaniphile," umlobi ungaphakathi isitayela ejwayelekile ye lwasemaphusheni: "Kwakukhona ...". I hero umbhali wakhe libhekene kanje: "i ukukhanyiselwa ngokulinganisela-ovulekile".

Wobugwala bese passivity kule indaba ihlekisa master olukhulu ukubhinqa. Phela, lezi imikhuba emibi kwakuvamile ukuba amalungu amaningi nezazi Eighties kwekhulu XIX. Minnow akabashiyi neze ukukhoseliswa wakhe. Uhlala ukuphila isikhathi eside, ukugwema abakhileyo eziyingozi zezwe zamanzi. Kodwa nje ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe uyabona kangakanani ezingabanjwanga phakathi nokuphila kwakhe isikhathi eside futhi ngingelutho.