MRP-ukuhlela uhlelo

Ngaphambi ezimpilweni zethu kwakukhona amakhompyutha, ukulawula inani impahla endaweni yokugcina izimpahla wamabhizinisi Kwenziwa ngesandla, usebenzisa ezimali amakhadi. Nokho, le ndlela akathembekile, ngokuvamile kukhona iphutha, iphutha ukucabanga, futhi inkampani babengenalo imithombo angomahlalela, selehluleke kanye nokulahlekelwa inzuzo. Kusukela ekuqaleni zezimboni ezishintshayo nqubo iye lula kakhulu nge-computer. MRP sesistimu kuyikhambi elingcono kakhulu lenkinga lokulawula ishede. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indlela entsha sandile emhlabeni jikelele. Bajwayelane nezici zayo, izinzuzo kanye nemisebenzi esemqoka.

indaba

Ngokokuqala ngqá nomqondo MRP (Material Izidingo Ukuhlela) owasungula maphakathi nawo-50s kwekhulu elidlule e-United States. Ngu definition, omunye Onjiniyela main, J .. Orliski, kuba ngokulandelana okunengqondo kwezinqubo nezimfuneko ukuthi kumele bahlangabezane sinomsebenzi omningi. Ngamafuphi nje, le ndlela ka lokuphatha ukukhiqiza ngokusebenzisa ukulungiselela izinhlelo kanye ukulethwa amasheduli of izinto zokusetshenziswa noma izingxenye. Ngesisekelo umqondo ezincwadini uhlelo MRP-ukuhlela yasungulwa.

Inkambu kwesicelo kwaba umsebenzi nge izingxenye, izimpahla lulwimi siphelile, izinto zokwakha kanye imikhiqizo ethile eqeda. Ngo-USSR, le ndlela waqala ingasetshenziswa kuphela 70s. Njengoba sekunama-computer uhlelo MRP esinikezwa sphere samasosha zezimboni, futhi 80s - ibhizinisi zokuhweba. Indlela edingekayo ukuze inqubo control kanye resource ukunikezela okwesikhathi ngesilwane esifuywayo ezinkulu. Isibonelo okuphawuleka izinkampani ezinkulu ezimbonini (isib imikhiqizo ubunjiniyela).

Inkinga kuphela indlela entsha, ochwepheshe babekholelwa ukukhethwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kolwazi kanye ne-software zezibalo, imishini ehhovisi. Kuyinto ejwayelekile ekukhiqizeni ezenzekelayo futhi izinqubo zobuchwepheshe. Kule ndaba, ochwepheshe ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili: Computing nolwazi MRP uhlelo.

imigomo

Kususelwa endaweni kwezicelo okungenzeka le ndlela, imigomo ethile abangu zavela. MRP simiso siqinisekisa ukwaneliseka ngokwazi ukuthi kukhona izidingo zebhizinisi izinto, izingxenye kanye nemikhiqizo ukulethwa kumakhasimende. It iqeda izindleko ongaphakeme ngokulondoloza amazinga yokusungula. Ekusebenteni, inhloso umqondo wukuhlela yokukhiqiza imisebenzi nokuhweba omsebenzi.

Futhi MRP-ndlela yenza ukuba anqume inani kanye isikhathi ukukhiqizwa yokugcina nokutholwa izidingo ngokuhambisana sinomsebenzi omningi.

I-algorithm

Umjikelezo wokusebenza ngenxa thize yezenzo. Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukwenza isheduli elikhulu ekukhiqizeni i kwesikhathi okuhleliwe. Le nqubo kusekelwe ukuhlaziywa Uhlelo ngabanye production.

In the isinyathelo lesibili kufanele ukuqhuba ezimali materials futhi izingxenye, okuyinto azisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni, kodwa kudingeka ukuze kugcwaliseke oda yekhasimende (isib, emabhokisini isitoreji nokunye. D.).

Isigaba esilandelayo ubunye, njengoba kudinga ukubala funa ingqikithi uhlobo izinto, izingxenye, okuyinto kumelwe ilingane yokwakheka umkhiqizo wokugcina ngamunye.

Futhi ekugcineni, kubalulekile ukuhlela oda imithombo. Esikhathini esizayo, mhlawumbe ngokwenza izinguquko ezazidingeka ukuze oda, kwakheka phambi okwamanje bekuhlela. Ziyakwazi ezidingekayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulethwa kabi kuphelelwe.

Imigomo izindlela

Ngokuba ukusebenza yiluphi uhlelo kudinga izimo ezithile. MRP uhlelo iyathinteka. Ukuqaliswa ERP kungenzeka nge zezindlela eziphumelelayo zezibalo wokubikezela, ukutholakala ubuchwepheshe bama-computer, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha nokwandisa imisebenzi. Kanye isidingo yokuhlela nokuphatha ukukhiqiza nezinqubo zobuchwepheshe.

MRP uhlelo uqobo abizele kukhethwa kuqhathaniswa yayo uhlobo funa ukukhiqiza ibhizinisi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: ezimele futhi wadinga usizo. Esimweni sokuqala nesidingo ekhiqizwa ezimele nomunye abathengi. Kuyinto zangaphandle isici kwezomnotho, futhi ngoba ukulawula kwenzeka wesifunda imidvwebo elula.

Ukubuka sesibili sibonisa ngemuva ubudlelwane kwezomnotho. Sibangelwa ukusetshenziswa izingxenye eziningana nomkhiqizi womshini izimpahla. Ngenxa yalokho, ukufunwa ngamunye wabo yakha ubuhlobo nabathile ekukhiqizeni lokugcina lomkhiqizo up. Lokho ngale ndlela ukubala inani zonke izinhlobo izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingase zithathwe uhlelo ikilasi MRP.

izakhi

Le ndlela idinga ukuhlela has a isakhiwo branched. MRP izakhi kohlelo zihlukaniswe idatha input bese okukhipha. Nazo ngokufanayo, zihlanganisa sub-izingxenye, okuyizinto eduze ulwazi kanye zezibalo ubudlelwano, futhi ahlinzeke izinga ukubikezela kanye nokuphathwa inqubo ukukhiqizwa.

okokufaka

Idatha okokufaka ukukhiqizwa schedule, Ukucaciswa nedatha amasheya ekhona futhi evulekile (isb. E. Kungagcwaliseki) oda. Badlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuhlela.

Kumiswa lokuqala sub-ingxenye is a kuqhathaniswa esizimele funa. kusho ezishintshayo lapho ukuhlela uhlelo akanayo. Ngakho-ke, it is wadala ngesandla ngokuhambisana izici ukusetshenziswa futhi uhlelo lwezimali. Isheduli Production for zenkathi ingahlukaniswa lula ukusetshenziswa. Eyokuqala ayivumeli noma yiziphi izinguquko ezidinga ukubulawa eqondile. Esikhathini yesibili isikhathi izinguquko ziyenzeka, kodwa kumele kuhambisane nohlelo kwezinsiza eziyisisekelo. Isikhathi okwengeziwe kubhekwa, ulwazi ashukumisayo ngaphezulu livela.

Ukucaciswa - uhlu noma uhlu izinsiza eziyisisekelo noma izingxenye per unit. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlonza ukusweleka impahla nokuqhamuka isinxephezelo yayo. Kuyadingeka ukuba bacacise inani labantu imikhiqizo esikhathini sokwenza nokuhleleka kwezidingo. Ukuze ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo futhi ugweme bug kokulandela inqubo izinto zokusetshenziswa iyatholakala futhi uma iqhathaniswa indices ngaphambili kufanele kube okuqhubekayo.

Imininingwane Accounting kusiza ukubala efanele Imininingwane izidingo nsiza. Le nqubo wenziwa nge MRP algorithm. sinomsebenzi omningi okumelwe ivumela ukubala olunembile funa ingqikithi kokuqendwa umkhiqizo amayunithi futhi zakha khona idatha izinqolobane, iqondisa uhlelo nenani oda evulekile.

okukhipha

Lesi sigaba siqukethe imibiko zamabanga aphansi naphezulu ezisebenza umsebenzi uhlelo elisizayo.

Eyokuqala sub-ingxenye, esikhundleni salokho, imelelwa:

• Ama-oda Lohleliwe - nesimiso ihlukaniswe ibe nezimpawu (isikhathi ukubaluleka oda evulekile).
• Ukukhululwa izinto ekukhiqizweni (yokusungula ibhalansi ukubala Kwenziwa kucatshangelwa inani izindleko isisetshenziswa).
• Kucondzaniswa oda kuhlelwe ngesimo ushintsho esikhathini, ivolumu ye-oda kanye ukwesulwa yayo kungenzeka.

imibiko yesibili ibonisa ukulawula ukubulawa oda ngokuhambisana nemigomo amanani. Bonke bahlose ukukhombisa ukuphambuka kusuka icebo, ukusiza ukubala izindleko zokukhiqiza. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa imibiko ukuhlela (ukulethwa izivumelwano nokuthenga ukuzibophezela). Imibiko izimo ezikhethekile ukhombe nokushintshashintsha namaphutha ezitatimendeni zezimali.

Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bama-computer MRP-uhlelo uba uhlelo ubonisa lonke inqubo e idayagramu.

izinzuzo

Njenganoma iyiphi mkhuba ngokoqobo, le ndlela has izinzuzo zalo siqu nezingozi usebenzisa. Izinzuzo undoubted ka MRP izinhlelo - kuyinto:

• Kungenzeka isebenze idatha ukusetshenziswa kuka esimeningcondvo kokwake, futhi bagxile esikhathini esizayo (uhlela ukubala, ukubikezela).
• The kungenzeka esitokisini esincane of izinto zokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kusindisa inkampani imali izindleko zalo lesikhala wokuqasha abasebenzi ukuqasha.
• Ukwanda yokusungula inzuzo izinga.
• Kusakaza ukukhiqizwa by ukuqapha isimo uhlobo isisetshenziswa ingxenye ngayinye. Lokhu kukuvumela ukulandelela ngokunembile izinga inqubo ukukhiqizwa.
• Ukubambezeleka ukukhiqizwa Ukwehluka ngenxa yokuntuleka nazo zonke ezidingo ezidingekayo;
• Ukunciphisa ingozi intuthuko abampofu oda, kanye ukunciphisa isibalo umsebenzi ophuthumayo.
• Enye inzuzo enkulu ka MRP-uhlelo ikhono lokusebenzisa idatha yayo noma sokuhlela eminye imisebenzi Logistics ibhizinisi noma supply chain.

amaphutha

I yokuntula zale nqubo yokuhlela zihlanganisa:

• Isidingo semali idatha olunembile futhi izibalo.
• MRP uhlelo has Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ongaphakeme, okuyinto ebambezela kakhulu impendulo esifike izinguquko zangaphandle ekukhiqizweni noma ukunikezela kwezinsiza.
• Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo uhlelo lokulawula at high ukukhiqizwa ukugeleza kanye nokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kungase kusho inani elikhulu ukwehluleka, akancikile kuphela ezicini womuntu, kodwa futhi ku izinkinga kohlelo.
• MRP ekuhleleni ayikwazi acabangele imikhawulo umthamo, ivolumu zokukhiqiza, kanye neminye imingcele. Ngakho ngezinye izikhathi logisticians ubuso izibalo 'engenangqondo' eyethulwe hlelo.
• MRP-uhlelo kudinga ukuqaliswa ezibizayo futhi yesikhathi eside.

MRP II

Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, lo umhlaziyi waseMelika uGeorge Plosl, u-Oliver Uayt baye banikeza sekusetshenziswa isimiso esingcono ukuhlela isisetshenziswa, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i MRP II. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko ukuthi ihlanganisa ohlangothini tekusebenta kanye nokuphathwa kwezimali zokukhiqiza, ucabangela amandla zobuchwepheshe kanye kulinganiselwa izinguquko tekusebenta amapulani kanye okulindelwe. Uhlu imisebenzi enwetshiwe zonke ukuthi zifune ukuqondiswa ukuphathwa, ukumodeliswa yenqubo ukukhiqizwa ngokuvumelana zokubekisa ishede kanye ukuhlola ukusebenza. Kulesi simiso, imiphumela Kuhlolwa ndawonye, okwenza MRP II uhlela enetjhuguluko maqondana iziphi izici zangaphandle.

ERP

Naphezu kwezinkinga abalulekile ukuba banqobe ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa, MRP-uhlelo uhlelo abangaphelele. Sisebenza eyodwa uhlobo imisebenzi logistic. Ngakho-ke, kule minyaka 90 senziwa ukuhlanganiswa zokusebenza zokukhiqiza, kuphatsa kanye nokuphathwa kwezimali. Uhlelo olusha olubizwa nge- ERP (lweBhizinisi oluDidiyelwe). At inhliziyo lo mqondo umqondo wokuthobela omunye umuntu ngokudala eyodwa idatha ishede (noma Igumbi). Ngakho, MRP uhlelo uye waba yingxenye uhlelo emikhulu.

Buhle le ndlela iba ukungabi khona isidingo sokuxhumana kolwazi phakathi izinhlelo kanye Ukonga okukhulu kwesikhathi kanye nezindleko zezimali izisebenzi. Namuhla, ERP ukuhlela Kubalulekile amabhizinisi ezinkulu. Ibhizinisi amancane naphakathi ithobela manje-classic MRP-system.