Matrix - kuyini? izinhlobo matrices

Namuhla cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola umuntu bekusayoba ukujabulele qapha CRT noma CRT TV ubudala. Le ndlela yokubamba izinhlanzi ngokushesha futhi ngempumelelo axosha onobuhle LCD, okuncike zinhlayiya ketshezi. Kodwa akukho-matrix ezingabalulekile kangako. Kuyini zinhlayiya liquid matrix? Konke lokhu wena izofunda lesi sihloko.

prehistory

Ngokokuqala ngqá ngo-zinhlayiya ketshezi, izwe wafunda ngo-1888, lapho isazi sezitshalo abadumile Friedrich Raynittser wathola khona izinto eziyinqaba ezitshalweni. amazed bakhe ukuthi abanye izinto, ekuqaleni kokuba isakhiwo crystalline lapho ukufuthelana ngokuphelele ukushintsha nezici zabo.

Ngakho, i-ketshezi kuyinto mutnelo lokuqala ezingeni lokushisa 178 degrees Celsius, bese iguqulwe ngokuphelele endaweni enamanzi. Kodwa ukutholakala aziphelelanga lapho. Kwatholakala ukuthi uketshezi ongaluqondi maqondana kagesi kuzibonakalisa njengoba crystal. Yingaleso sikhathi igama elithi 'crystal liquid.

Isimiso ezisebenza i-matrix LCD

Kulesi umsebenzi-matrix based. Uyini Matrix? Leli gama multi-zenani. Omunye namagugu awo - notebook iphaneli, LCD qapha noma isihenqo TV yesimanje. Manje siyathola, lapho isimiso yomsebenzi wabo.

Futhi kusekelwe esiku ukukhanya nokwehlukana. Uma ukhumbula physics esikoleni esiphakeme, nje usitshela ukuthi ezinye izinto okwazi okuxhunyanwa ukukhanya spectrum eyodwa kuphela. Yingakho polarizers ezimbili ngo-90 degrees ngokuvamile abakwazi adlulisele ukukhanya. Esimweni lapho itholakala phakathi ezinye idivayisi ekwazi uphendukisa ukukhanya, siyokwazi ukulungisa ukugqama kanye neminye imingcele. Ngokuvamile, lokhu matrix elula.

kudivayisi matrices Esenziwe Lula

LCD Ezivamile uyohlale aqukethe izingxenye eziningana unomphela:

• kwasemuva.
• Reflectors ezihlinzeka ukufana sokukhanyisa eshiwo ngenhla.
• Polarizers.
• Substrate ezenziwe ngengilazi, ungene ngalo oxhumana conductive.
• Ubuningi crystal liquid eziyihlazo.
• Enye polarizer kanye substrate.

kwakhiwa kwe-pixel ngayinye matrix esinjalo kusukela Amaphikseli abomvu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye, inhlanganisela oveza yimiphi imibala etholakalayo. Uma uvula konke ngesikhathi esisodwa, umphumela uba emhlophe. By the way, siyini isinqumo matrix? Le nombolo pixels therein (1280x1024, isibonelo).

Yiziphi matrix?

Ifomu lula, zingabantu yokwenziwa (elula) futhi esebenzayo. Passive - elula kakhulu Amaphikseli zabo ziyasebenza ngokulandelana, kusukela umugqa ngomugqa. Ngakho, imizamo ukusungula ukukhiqizwa izibonisi idayagonali ezinkulu kwembula ukuthi ube ukwanda ongalingani ubude babashayeli. Ngenxa yalokho, kakhulu hhayi kuphela kwandisa izindleko, kodwa futhi okwandisa voltage, okuholela ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi ukuphazamiseka. Ngakho-ke, i-matrix yokwenziwa lingasetshenziswa kuphela ukukhiqizwa ekhombisa engabizi nge idayagonali encane.

Active zinhlobo Abaqaphi, TFT, akuvumela ukuba ukwazi ukuphatha ngamunye (!) Of izigidi Amaphikseli ngamunye. Iqiniso lokuthi kwe-pixel ngayinye isebenza a Transistor ehlukile. Iseli kwesikhathi ulahlekelwe kwenkokhiso, okuyinto ingezwe epholisayo ehlukile. Yiqiniso, bangakunaki isikimu enjalo kuhlulekile ngokuphindaphindiwe ukunciphisa isikhathi ukusabela kwe-pixel ngayinye.

ukulungisiswa Mathematical

Esifundweni sezibalo, matrix uyinto ezilotshwe itafula bokufaka zitholakala ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo imigqa namakholomu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi matrices ngokuvamile kabanzi amakhompyutha. Isibonisi efanayo lingahunyushwa ngalezi zindlela matrix. Njengoba kwe-pixel ngayinye has izixhumanisi ezithile. Ngakho yimuphi umfanekiso esenzelwa kwisibonisi laptop, matrix lapho amaseli eziqukethwe umbala kwe-pixel ngayinye.

Inani ngalinye kuthatha ncamashi 1 nama-inkumbulo. A kancane? Maye, kodwa ngisho Kulokhu, eyodwa kuphela Uhlaka FullHD (1920 × 1080) ngeke nesikhundla MB pair. Futhi kangakanani isikhala uzodinga befilimu ukuba imizuzu 90? Yingakho isithombe onomfutho. ukubaluleka Huge kuyinto determinant.

By the way, yini determinant we matrix? Lokhu polynomial ngokuhlanganisa izakhi-matrix square yokuthi inani layo lilondolozwe transposition futhi inhlanganisela komugqa imigqa noma amakholomu. Ngaphansi matrix kulokhu Kuyaqondakala isibalo sezibalo echaza ilungiselelo Amaphikseli lapho umbala code. Square ibizwa ngokuthi ngoba inani lemigqa namakholomu kuwo ngokulinganayo.

Kungani lokhu kubaluleke kangaka? Iqiniso lokuthi esephepheni esetshenziswa Haar uguqule. Eqinisweni, Haar ukuguqulwa - kuba amaphuzu ithuba ukuze kungaba sizikhandle futhi ubumbene encode. Umphumela kuyinto-matrix orthogonal, okuyiwona kulungiswa isikhathi isetshenziswa njengoba determinant.

Manje sibheka main izinhlobo-matrix (okungukuthi matrix ngokwayo, sesibonile).

TN + ifilimu

Omunye ezivamile futhi ezishibhile manje ubonisa onobuhle. It has a impendulo isikhathi iyashesha, kodwa kunalokho abampofu umbala ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Inkinga iwukuthi zinhlayiya kuleli matrix ahlelwe ukuze engeli wokubuka etholakala azinakwa. Ukuze ulwe lesi simanga, sisungule ifilimu okhethekile elikuvumela ukuba sandise isibalo engeli wokubuka.

Zinhlayiya kuleli matrix ahlelwe ikholomu, kanjalo sikhumbuza amasosha kubukiswa. Zinhlayiya okokusonteka ibe Kuvunguza, ngokuphelele sibambelele siqinise nomunye. Zogqinsi kahle eseduze substrate, phezu kobuso yokugcina kwenza ikhefu ekhethekile.

crystal ngamunye kulethwa electrode elawula voltage yonkana ke. Uma kungekho voltage, zinhlayiya kuthiwa ijikelezwe ngu-90 degrees, lapho ukukhanya sihamba ngokukhululekile ngokusebenzisa kwabo. It uphendulela ezejwayelekile ezimhlophe pixel elingu-matrix. Kuyini obomvu noma oluhlaza? Njengoba kuvela?

Uma akukhuthalele, Helix onomfutho, le isilinganiso kokucindezelwa kuncike emandleni zamanje. Uma seqiwe, zinhlayiya ngokuvamile kuphele okuxhunyanwa ukukhanya, kuphumele kungemuva elimnyama. Ukuze uthole grey umbala shades yayo, isikhundla zinhlayiya ku Kuvunguza is kushintshwe ukuze ethile ukukhanya badlula.

By the way, ngokuzenzakalela kulezi matrices njalo isebenze zonke imibala, okuholela ngephikseli emhlophe. Yingakho-ke kulula ukubona the pixel ashisiwe ukuthi njalo kubonakala ngesimo amaphuzu ezikhanya qapha. Njengoba sazi ukuthi kabusha umbala matrices yalolu hlobo uhlale inkinga, kunzima kakhulu ukufeza futhi sibonise abamnyama.

Ukuze isikhundla ngandlela-thile lesifanele, onjiniyela zinhlayiya isebangeni i-engela 210 °, lapho izinga umbala impendulo sikhatsi lesengetiwe. Kodwa kulokhu, okungazange kube okungenamiphumela ngayo ulwelwesi: ngokungafani kuya classical TN-matrices baye inkinga ngenxa yemibala yawo ezimhlophe, imibala igezwa. Ngakho ubuchwepheshe DSTN. essence yayo wukuthi isibonisi ihlukaniswe halves ezimbili, ngayinye esiyinyama esilawulwa ngokwehlukile. Khombisa izinga kuye kwaba ngcono kakhulu, kodwa yanyuka isisindo kanye nezindleko ngabaqaphi.

Yilokho matrix uku laptop TN + ifilimu hlobo.

S-IPS

Inkampani Hitachi, kahle igugile ukushiyeka ubuchwepheshe langaphambilini, wakhetha ukungahlukanisi ukuzama ukuthuthukisa, kodwa umane baziqambela into ngokuphelele entsha. Ikakhulukazi ukuthi Gunther Baur ngo-1971 yathola ukuthi zinhlayiya zingafakwa hhayi ngesimo amakholomu ezisontekile, wabeka parallel nomunye substrate ingilazi. Yiqiniso, kulesi simo, kuya yokudlulisela electrode enamathiselwe.

Uma kuqala isihlungi polarizing, akukho voltage, ukukhanya sihamba ngokukhululekile ngokusebenzisa, kodwa sekwephuze substrate yesibili, indiza nokwehlukana okuyinto njalo udlulisela i-engela 90 degrees maqondana kuqala. Ngenxa yalokho, kakhulu hhayi kuphela kwandisa ijubane ukusebenza kwe-qapha, kodwa abamnyama - black ngempela, hhayi ukushintshashintsha ompunga umbala omnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzuzo enkulu kuba engeli enemininingwane umbono.

ubuchwepheshe amaphutha

Alas, esikhundleni salokho zinhlayiya zazo wahlela parallel nomunye, kuthatha isikhathi kakhulu. Futhi-ke isikhathi impendulo imodeli ubudala ikwazile namagugu cyclopean ngempela 35-25 ms! Ngezinye izikhathi angase abonakale ngisho kusukela umzila isikhombisi, ingasaphathwa izigcawu ashukumisayo e amathoyizi kanye movie kubasebenzisi kwakungcono ukukhohlwa.

Kusukela electrode ngokufanele ku substrate esifanayo, kudinga amandla okuningi ukujikisa zinhlayiya ohlangothini oyifunayo. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi bonke ngabaqaphi ngesisekelo IPS--matrix ayilitholi Energy Star inkanyezi ukuze umsebenzi uhambe kahle. Yiqiniso, ukuze azenze zikhanye substrate iyadingeka futhi ukusebenzisa izibani ezinamandla ngokwengeziwe, futhi lokho akusho ngcono isimo nge high amandla ukusetshenziswa.

Workability womshini matrices enjalo uphakeme, ngakho-ke, kuze kube muva nje base kakhulu, eqolo. Kafushane, nazo zonke emihle nemibi ngabaqaphi efana mahle nabaqambi: ikhwalithi umbala banayo kakhulu futhi impendulo isikhathi kwezinye izimo, ungakwazi nginikele.

Yilokho IPS--matrix.

MVA / PVA

Njengoba zombili izinhlobo ngenhla-matrices babe nemiphumela ethile engathandeki ezikhipha cishe akunakwenzeka entsha Fujitsu Technology yasungulwa. Eqinisweni, MVA / PVA kuyinto version modified of IPS. The main umehluko - the electrode. Basuke esisogwini substrate yesibili ngesimo onxantathu yasekuqaleni. Lokhu Isixazululo kwenza kube lula ukuphendula zinhlayiya ukushintsha e voltage, kanye ukuhumusha umbala uba ngcono kakhulu.

amakhamera

Futhi iyini matrix e ikhamera? Kulokhu, ngakho-ke ngokuthi crystal umqhubi okuyinto eyaziwa ngokuthi yi- icala kudivayisi oluhambisana (be-CCD). Than ikhamera-matrix amaseli ngaphezulu, ngcono kangakanani. Lapho yesivalo ivuleka, sidlula matrix ukugeleza electron: kulapho wamanje namandla engahlosiwe. Ngakho, ezingxenyeni emnyama zamanje Kumiswa. Land-matrix nozwelo imibala ethile, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukwakha isithombe ephelele.

By the way, yini usayizi matrix, uma sikhuluma ngama-computer noma laptops? Kulula - okuthiwa esibukweni idayagonali.