-matrix ikhamera

abathengi Russian kukhona kuthandwa khamera futhi amakhamera. Nsuku zonke, abakhiqizi emhlabeni ukukhiqiza onobuhle ezintsha, amathuba abaningi izithombe. Namuhla, umuntu ovamile kungaba nzima ukuba ukunquma ukukhethwa ikhamera. Ba nayo ngezinye izikhathi abadayisi esitolo futhi akakwazi ukunikeza umkhandlu ecacile amkhethile. Yingakho umthandi izithombe, futhi nakakhulu uchwepheshe kufanele wazi ezinye izici nezici amadivayisi yesimanje.

Ikhamera-matrix ingenye izenzakalo ezivelele mishini. Kuyinto idivayisi inzwa ngozwelo eliphezulu, okuyinto kungaqinisekisa ukuguqulwa yesithombe optical slide phezu lens, ukuze kusiginali yedijithali. ikhamera noma i-matrix ikhamera kunomthelela oqonde ngqo phezu sokuprakthiza kanye nekhwalithi izithombe. Asithathe sihlolisise kuba lesi sici.

digital ikhamera-matrix kuhlanganisa sebuningini izakhi ukukhanya ebucayi, okuyinto ukuguqula isithombe optical ku kagesi. kwakhiwa kwe-pixel ngayinye ngomunye ichashaza matrix isithombe sokugcina. Ngu isakhiwo sabo zingahlukaniswa zibe uzimele egcwele, scan lesichubekako, nge ikholomu buffered Uhlaka kokubhafa impendulo ukuvuleka futhi ibhanqanisiwe. Kulokhu, matrix zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko, okuyinto manje ngokuvamile atholakala amakhamera ithengiswe.

Izinhlobo amakhamera matrices

Kwaphela isikhathi eside siye sasetshenziswa njengophawu izifanekiso aphelele oxide metal Semiconductors (CMOS), ogama nokuzwela ekukhanyeni latholakala sixties. Lapha, readout isignali kungenziwa kunoma iyiphi indawo, nawe nje kudingeka ucacise ilandelana ikholomu. Ngakho-pixel elingu ngamunye has a amplifier isignali wokufundwayo. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho kwakukhona zokubethwa kwadingeka kudivayisi icala-oluhambisana (be-CCD), okuyinto ekuqaleni babengcono kakhulu njengoba kuphakeme kakhulu CMOS--matrix. In izinhlelo ezinjalo, ukufunda isignali kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo CRT (cathode ray tube), isb kusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla kanye phezulu kuya phansi. Silicon photodiodes babe kuleli cala njengoba izakhi photosensitive. Esikhathini nineties zakuqala yathela ekwenteni ncono CMOS-inzwa. Ngenxa izici ezifana yalolu hlobo-matrices ngangokunokwenzeka ukuthola ukuzwela evamile futhi high quality umfanekiso kuphela ngesikalo matrices eside ngokuvamile usetshenziselwa amakhamera professional ne Ubukhulu esikhulu. Uma sikhuluma onobuhle ezingabizi amateur, kungcono ukuba ukhethe lezo sezifakelwe be-CCD-matrix. Izinkampani ezifana Canon ne Nikon amakhamera ukukhiqiza onobuhle Ushintshe CMOS-matrix, kuba uhlobo uhlelo inguquko.

Matrix ikhamera unawo amandla anjalo isici esibalulekile njengoba isinqumo. Ngaphansi isinqumo libhekisela enanini lama-elementi sensitive matrix, ngalinye elikwazi uthola ukukhanya futhi oguqula bayifaka ethile icala kagesi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi akunandaba mqondo ukuxosha inombolo yama-pixels njengoba izinga izithombe ephrintiwe cishe ezifanayo, futhi umehluko ingabonakala kuphela ngaphansi khulu.

Esinye isici esibalulekile lapho lunekhamera matrix lingakanani ngokomzimba. Njalo nje usayizi enkulu ngokomzimba it has, ngcono isilinganiso isignali / umsindo, ukuthi bakwazi ukuthola isithombe izinga ephakeme, kokuba umbala zemvelo. Omunye ongathi enkulu usayizi matrix at inombolo yama-pixels, ayanda izinga kwezithombe.