Lwemali yokuhweba. Lwemali yokuhweba MICEX

Kwemali Foreign kuyinto amanothi lwemali okuyizinto ithenda labameli boMbuso. exchange lwabo ngomunye nomunye Kwenziwa ngaphakathi kohlaka emakethe lwemali, okungukuthi uhlelo of ubudlelwano kwezomnotho phakathi amabhange kanye namaklayenti abo, abadlali professional kanye zikahulumeni. ukuthengwa nokudayiswa ukuthenga waphetha kuphela ifomu non-cash.

lomgwaqo emakethe

Lwemali Ukuhweba kungaba kwenziwe ezindaweni ezimbili: ezimakethe ehlelekile futhi OTC.

OTC ukuthengiselana ngokuqondile phakathi umthengi kanye nomdayisi lwemali. Njengomthetho, lokhu indima ngamabhange. Futhi ungathanda ukwenza amadili egameni yabo futhi izidingo zabo siqu, futhi bamele izimfuno amaklayenti. Umthengi kanye nomdayisi ngokuhamba izingxoxo anqume imibandela ukuthengwa nokudayiswa zezimali angaphandle, okuyinto zihlanganisa inani, izinga lokushintshisana, imigomo oda yokukhokha. Isici esikhethekile yokuhweba OTC emakethe wukuthi zombili ukusithatha izingozi ezithile (kusukela noma iyiphi kuzo kungasenza nganoma isiphi isikhathi ukulahla izibopho zayo), ngakho le misebenzi eyenziwa phakathi kwesibambisene nabo abathembela nomunye.

lwemali imakethe Ukuhlelelwa

I abathengisa exchange emakethe exchange angaphandle ukuphakamisa khona umuntu wesithathu, okungukuthi, umhleli abathengisa - Currency Exchange. Kulokhu, njengoba izingxoxo ezinjalo phakathi umthengi kanye nomdayisi. Ngamunye wabo ethatha isicelo exchange ne okubonisa deal ebalungele. Uma ngesikhathi esithile izithakazelo nesikhathi umthengi nomthengisi ziyafana, ukusebenza Kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Exchange hhayi lula kakhulu kuphela inqubo ephetha ukuthengiselana, kubuye kube uhlobo yisiboniso. Ngakho-ke, futhi umthengi noma umdayisi akunandaba losebenta iqembu lesibili. Okwenziwayo ezisazoba kuphela uma ilunga ngalinye oluphethwe lemali edingekile of lwemali efanele.

Ithuba futhi okunye ukukhetha imisebenzi enjalo, lapho izingxoxo phakathi kwezinhlangano kukhona ngqo nazo zonke izinkokhelo zidlule exchange isitokwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze aqede ingozi okuzenzakalelayo omunye amaqembu izibopho zabo ngaphansi kuthengiselana.

MICEX: umlando nesenzakalo

EMoscow Interbank Currency Exchange iyona main yokuhweba platform e-Russia. Ukwakheka iqembu MICEX kuhlanganisa isitokwe lezimpahla Ukuhwebelana, le MICEX Isula Center, Depository National nawesifunda isiphetho izikhungo.

MICEX yasungulwa ngo-1992. Exchange Foreign imisebenzi kusukela ekuqaleni umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko. Isigaba stock yokuhweba, isibopho, ngempahla kanye amathuluzi esuselwe yayenzelwa sekwephuzile.

Ekupheleni kuka-2011 kwaba khona nokuhlanganiswa ezindaweni ezimbili stock market Russian - MICEX futhi RTS. Lesi sakhiwo kuhlanganiswe owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi eMoscow Exchange. Njengoba lwemali yokuhweba MICEX labetibambile ngaphakathi kohlaka ukushintshana endaweni eyodwa.

kwemvelo Technical lokungena exchange angaphandle ukuthengiselana

Ekuqaleni, zokuhwebelana MICEX babe ngesimo indali. Okubizwa ngokuthi "nomdayisi" lokuqoqa amabhidi kusuka abathengi kanye nabathengisi nge inkomba inani izimali zakwamanye amazwe kanye izinga lokushintshisana. Khona-ke aphethwe umncintiswano, imiphumela enquma abawinile.

Kusukela ngo-June 2, 1997 lwemali yokuhweba MICEX yaqhutshelwa ngogesi yokuhweba uhlelo (SELT). Kwakuwusuku SELT lokuqala isimiso esinjalo emakethe lokushintshisana of Russia. Lokhu kwaba ngempela intuthuko wamavukelambuso emkhakheni wezohwebo ehlelekile. Ngosizo lwawo, abathengi kanye nabathengisi bakwazi ukungena esingenamkhawulo ukuthi ukuthengiselana phakathi wonke ukuhweba session ngesikhathi sangempela.

Ukuthengiselana phezu MICEX

MICEX imisebenzi olwenziwa ngokusebenzisa uhlelo yokuhweba electronic. nencazelo yalo itholakala lokuthi lowo nalowo obambe iqhaza oletha isicelo electronic ekhombisa inani lwemali uthenge noma ithengiswe, futhi intengo lapho uzimisele ukwenza into. Konke kuye kwaba khona esimisweni olulodwa. Lapho izicelo ezimbili ukuthengwa nokudayiswa amanani ziyafana, basuke wabulawelwa mode othomathikhi. Umthamo deal ilingana ivolumu encane imiyalelo emibili elisebenzisekayo.

izicelo Ezivelele eziye kukumugqa, kungaba zisuswe noma ngasiphi isikhathi, uma ubeka iqembu lakhe lifuna ukushintsha izimo.

It SELT kwenza lwemali ukuhweba ngesikhathi sangempela. Fielding, ukuguqulwa kanye ukwesulwa oda nakuyi ngesikhathi zamanje exchange rate ziyancipha ukuze touch okulula inkinobho. Ukuze kube lula iqhaza sile imiyalelo ukuboniswa kuyi-computer. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uhlole isimo samanje emakethe futhi ukubikezela isiqondiso yayo kungenzeka.

I-oda ukubulawa oda electronic

Uma intengo ibhidi ayihambisani ezingeni lamanje ke kuziwa kokukhethwa kukho okulandelayo:

• Ukuze isicelo ukuthenga izimali zakwamanye amazwe. Uma intengo yayo ngezansi emakethe yamanje, kubekwe emugqeni futhi uma kwikhotheshini izomashela ezingeni elithile eziyokhishwa. Uma okungenhla - ke uyabulawa emakethe.
• Ukuze izicelo izimali zakwamanye amazwe ukudayiswa. Uma intengo yayo ingaphansi izinga emakethe, kuyothiwa ababehlangana kulelo quote zamanje. Uma okungenhla - uzobe kukumugqa kuze kube isikhathi lapho ukubaluleka lwemali aliphumi ezingeni ebalulwe isicelo.

isheduli zokuhweba

Lwemali misebenzi olwenziwa ngokuhambisana isheduli sivunyiwe. Ukuthengiselana nge "namuhla" umbhangqwana dollar-ruble kukhona esikhathini esingamahora 10:00 kuya 17:15 isikhathi eMoscow, pair of euro-ruble - kusukela ngo 10:00 kuya ku 15:00 Isikhathi eMoscow. Othi nezinye izinsimbi zomculo (the ruble Belarusian, le Kazakh Tenge, hryvnia Ukraine kanye Chinese Yuan) isikhundla ihora elilodwa nje, kusuka 10 kuya 11 pm wesikhathi eMoscow.

MICEX inikeza iqhaza ithuba ungene ukuthengiselana kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi imodi okungeyona letindzala zokukhokhelwa. Lapho zihlanganiswa izakhi zokwenana nalo OTC ezimakethe. IQembu kuthengiselana ngqo ukuxoxisana zonke izimo zalo. Kodwa ukuthengwa nokudayiswa ukuthengiselana endaweni Ukuhwebelana ngogesi. Umthengi kanye nomdayisi ubeke ikheli isicelo. Iba iqembu lesibili ukuba kungenzeka kuphela umhlanganyeli ethile, yena edalulwa. Isiphetho amadili anjalo kuwo wonke kwemali ngazimbili kungenzeka kuze kufinyelele 23-50 isikhathi eMoscow.

Inani lwemali imakethe ehlelekile

Kuhlelwe lwemali yokuhweba, isayithi MICEX imisebenzi ezibalulekile eziningana.

Okokuqala, ngosizo lwabo, wonke umuntu angakwazi iqhaza enqubeni zamanani. Ukuze wenze kwangathi ngakho njengoba uchwepheshe umhlanganyeli wathola ukufinyelela ngqo ukuhweba nokujabulisa ngokuphelele wonke umuntu akanayo ezweni ezezimali nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka ungene esivumelwaneni kumthengisi onesifo ukufinyelela ngqo MICEX Stock Exchange. Kulokhu, it kuyodingeka bamele izimfuno ikhasimende lakhe.

Okwesibili, ibhange elikhulu nohlobo njengoba igunya lomphakathi obhekene isiqondiso emkhakheni komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali kunemtselela wamanje exchange rate ye lwemali kazwelonke, ungenela kohlaka indawo MICEX. Ngaphezu kwalokho, exchange angaphandle ukuhweba Imiphumela ziyabhekelelwa lapho kuqinisekiswa ukuthi Bank of Russia olusemthethweni exchange rate ngokumelene ruble.

MICEX okungukuthi, ngaphandle ihaba, indawo esemqoka exchange Russian emakethe. MICEX lwemali ukuhweba ungomunye kwezinsimbi zomculo isimo komgomo wokuboleka amabhange ngezimali. Kuyinto le platform inikeza ababambiqhaza bayo ithuba ungene ukuthengiselana ngesikhathi sangempela. Umthamo lwemali misebenzi sanda. Ngo-2002, ayengumyalo $ 65 billion ngonyaka 2008 - .. $ 2.7 lamarandi 2014. kuphela ngoJanuwari babengamaphesenti ruble ezingaphezu kuka-13 trillion.