Lung carcinoma: izimpawu, isigaba, ukwelashwa, onalesi sifo

Ngokuvamile izimpawu umdlavuza wamaphaphu akuzona ngokushesha. Kulesi isifo kungenzeka isici nezinye izifo. Lapho sitholakele lesi sifo udokotela kufanele ubeke ahlolwe kahle emzimbeni. yokwelapha ukuze uphumelele, kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi. Ukuze ugweme ukuthuthukiswa yezinkinga ezinzima kungaba ngesikhathi esifanele ukufuna usizo. Ngakho yini carcinoma wamaphaphu?

Umqondo oyisisekelo

umdlavuza wamaphaphu - carcinoma. Ngamanye amazwi, lo neoplasm e umgudu wokuphefumula. Kuhunyushelwe isimila esibulalayo esikhula endaweni kwamaphaphu noma amashubhu bronchial. Phakathi pathologies oncological wamaphaphu carcinoma lifaka yesibili. Futhi emazweni athile, bese benza kuqala.

Lo mcimbi yokwehluleka udokotela kanje isifo kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa izinqubo engelapheki. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lesi sifo kungaholela ekufeni. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi abantu abafa ngenxa yesono ngenxa wamaphaphu carcinoma inenani eliphakeme phakathi zomdlavuza.

iseli Small wamaphaphu carcinoma

Lona omunye hlobo lomdlavuza zokuphefumula. Ngokwezibalo, umdlavuza ithatha 1/5 of lonke inani umdlavuza kuphela. Ngokuvamile ngokuthi i zokugula low-grade carcinoma yamaphaphu.

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza kutholakala isiguli ngokuvamile ngasekupheleni njengoba isifo esifanayo oncological ayizange liphinyiselwe izimpawu. Nokho, lesi sifo libhekene inqubo ukuthuthukiswa uyahamba fast ngokwanele, futhi ukuvela metastases.

Eyesibili uhlobo

Uhlobo lwesibili njengoba cell carcinoma non-esincane esaziwa. Kulesi sifo zenyathi eziningana. ngezigaba zabo incike izindwangu ukuthi ahlaselwa sifo. Okwamanje, lezi zifo ezilandelayo uxilongwe:

1. Adenocarcinoma yamaphaphu - kuyinto neoplasm abulalayo esithinta ngokuyinhloko labo amaseli zinengxenye ukukhiqizwa isikhwehlela. Lolu hlobo umdlavuza wamaphaphu, ngokusho izibalo, lifaka yesibili.
2. Ukubolekisa seli wamaphaphu carcinoma. Kulokhu, kwakheka neoplasm lisuselwa cell ukuba simise oyindilinga. Owenza isimila esibulalayo ezingqimbeni non-cornified we epithelium. Ngokuvamile, lapho besanda kuqala leso sifo angaliboni isiguli.
3. Yezindlala carcinoma - isimila ikakhulu siqukethe izicubu yezindlala. umdlavuza iqala okuthiwa cambium amaseli. Kulokhu, isimila sifana grey inhlangano noma sinombala-yellow tint.
4. carcinoma ne-squamous yamaphaphu - umdlavuza ucala kutfutfukisa kumaseli abami izindlela zokuphefumula. Lona omunye pathologies ezivamile oncological. Ngokwezibalo, lesi sifo zibalwa kuqala.
5. carcinoma Bronchoalveolar - kwetinhlavu izimila kulokhu ezihilela zamangqamuzana isikhwehlela, kanye nalezo musa secrete ke. Inqubo wokusakazeka igcina isakhiwo alveoli ngaphandle kokubhubhisa nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu wamaphaphu.

Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa lesi sifo

umdlavuza wamaphaphu - carcinoma kwezimbangela eziyinhloko okuyinto ezembulwa akubona bonke. Ukuhlola kwembule ukuthi kukhona abanye ukuhlobana elivela kuzo isifo nethonya nezici ezithile. Imbangela ebaluleke kakhulu umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngokuthi ukubhema ugwayi. Phela, ukuhogela intuthu nesineke ubuthi emzimbeni wakho 60 carcinogens, kuhlanganise:

• benzopyrene;
• radioisotopes ka Radon;
• nitrosamine.

The main ingxenye - i-nicotine. Le into kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa lenqwaba pathologies emzimbeni womuntu. Kulokhu-nicotine kuyinto umqalisi izimila ebulalayo. Phela, ketshezi uyakwazi zivimbela izivikeli mzimba. 10% kuphela abantu abaphethwe umdlavuza izifo zamaphaphu, ukuthuthukiswa zokugula ongakaphathelani ukubhema ugwayi.

Labo ababhekene ukuba umlutha efanayo, engozini kubantu ababezizungezile. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi intuthu ephuma emaphashini ngesikhathi ukubhema kuyingozi okuningi kunalokho imuncwe ngumuntu obhemayo. Liqukethe izingxenye elimazayo ngaphezulu. Labo aseduze obhemayo isifo yokuhogela intuthu kagwayi.

Umonakalo obangelwa ugwayi, kuncike ukushuba ukubhema, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho. Labo abakwazi ukuqeda umkhuba omubi futhi abheme iminyaka engaphezu kuka-2, basengozini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi incike ekutheni kungakanani umuntu udinga likagwayi ngosuku. Uma umuntu uyayilahla ngokuphelele ugwayi, inqubo elula yokutakula run.

nezinye izinto

wamaphaphu carcinoma angagcina hhayi kuphela ngenxa ukubhema. Kukhona nezinye izici ezibangela ukuthuthukiswa izifo ezinjalo. Lokhu kufanele kubandakanye:

1. Uthuli. izinhlayiya zayo ukushaya yomoya emzimbeni, kungabangela emdlavuzeni. Kulesi amafraktjhini ezibalulekile kanye nosayizi. Kakhulu izinhlayiya ezincane kungaba engena ijule izicubu wamaphaphu.
2. Amagciwane. Ezinye Amagciwane kungaholela emdlavuzeni wamaphaphu. Bona kusebenze izinqubo okungekhona okwemvelo division. Phakathi Amagciwane anjalo kuthiwa kubangelwa: Papillomavirus, cytomegalovirus.
3. Radon. Ngo inqubo ukubola uranium ezikhishwe Radium enemisebe. Bobabili izinto ayingozi kakhulu. Nokho, lapho, kwakhiwa ukubola Radium Radon is. Lokhu igesi uyakwazi ukugqama izingqimba zomhlaba. Konke kuncike ukubunjwa amatshe. Lapho yalolu ketshezi uyakwazi buthelela izinto ezithile, ezindongeni zezakhiwo. Negesi kungadala kahle ukuthuthukiswa wamaphaphu carcinoma.
4. Asbhestosi - ikhemikhali kuphakamisa ukuthuthukiswa izinqubo umdlavuza.

Izimpawu eyinhloko lesi sifo

engaveza kanjani wamaphaphu carcinoma? Izimpawu zingase zingaveli isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile, kuya izimpawu zesifo kumele sifake ekhatsi loku izimo nezifo ezilandelayo:

• nokulahlekelwa ukwazi;
• ikhanda noma isiyezi;
• izinkinga umbono;
• ezifweni ezifweni ezithathelwanayo kwezitho zokuphefumula;
• kwesifuba emaphashini endaweni;
• isikhwehlela, okuyinto has umbala onsundu, futhi equkethe streaks wegazi;
• iphika okuyinto kungase kukhule ngokwandisa umthwalo;
• imfiva ngaphandle kwesizathu;
• ukungabi namizwa iminwe;
• ubuhlungu ehlombe;
• kwesisindo kanye nokuntuleka ukudla;
• ukukhwehlela ezingamahlalakhona;
• ubuhlungu besifuba saba sibi ngokuphefumulelwa ezijulile.

Futhi ngisho khona izimpawu zesifo i ungeqa isigaba saso sokuqala. Ngempela, izifo eziningi wamaphaphu babe nezimpawu ezifanayo. Ngokuphelele ukuqeda lesi sifo esisabekayo kungenzeka kuphela lapho besanda kuqala.

Izimpawu nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza izigaba

Uma wamaphaphu carcinoma kwaholela ekwakhekeni yezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu, isiguli bangase bahlupheke ezinye izimpawu, kuhlanganise:

• ubuhlungu emathanjeni;
• lakhulisiwe zamanzi;
• jaundice we sclera nesikhumba.

nesigaba lesi sifo

Ingozi yale nqubo sifo kubangelwa ikakhulu ezigabeni ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukusabalala kwesifo hhayi kuphela emaphashini, kodwa futhi kwamanye amathishu eziyishumi nemitshingo. Okwamanje, odokotela ushayele degree wesi-4 isifo:

1. Isigaba sokuqala. Neoplasm akuphazamisi izicubu eduze futhi unendawo ecacile kwasendaweni. Ngakho usayizi isimila ingeqi 3 cm. Carcinoma sithinta umuntu oyedwa kuphela ingxenye bronchus noma wamaphaphu.
2. Eyesibili esiteji. Ukuvuvukala kancane kancane enwetshiwe, kanye nosayizi salo 6 cm.-Lymph eduze kuphakama iyunithi metastases.
3. Isigaba sesithathu. Kulesi sigaba senqubo isifo ke asithinti nje kuphela-lymph, kodwa futhi izitho eduze nezicubu: pleura, amathambo, imithambo yegazi, emphinjeni. Kulokhu, isimila kukhulu kunenani 6 cm ngaphesheya ingxenye eyodwa.
4. Njengoba kulesi sigaba livela wamaphaphu carcinoma? Isigaba 4 kuyinto yezinkinga ezimbi kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, kuyasiza isiguli akuseyona kungenzeka, ngokusemandleni isimila okudlulela ngale umgudu wokuphefumula. Kukhona hhayi kuphela wendawo, kodwa futhi metastases ezikude.

izindlela eziyisisekelo uphethwe

Ukuze uqale, isiguli kufanele ubonane nodokotela, okwathi ngemva kokuhlola obuphelele uzoqoka kokuxilongwa ezengeziwe. Okwamanje, zikhona izindlela eziningi ukuxilonga wamaphaphu carcinoma. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• bronchoscopy;
• -X-ray luhlolo;
• biopsy;
• nakomaka umdlavuza;
• ultrasound.

indlela ngamunye has izici zayo siqu. Bakghona ukucacisa khona umdlavuza zokugula lapho besanda kuqala yentuthuko. Into esemqoka - ngesikhathi ukuze ubone onguchwepheshe.

Ingabe likhona ikhambi

Kangakanani umdlavuza wamaphaphu? Ukwelashwa okufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha. Kungenjalo, umdlavuza kuyokhula. Ngakho-ke, indlela eyinhloko yokwelapha - ukuhlinzwa. Uma isimo sivuma, isuswe hhayi kuphela isimila nendlala okuthiwa i kodwa futhi abambe futhi izicubu lymph node eduze.

Uma kokungenela ngokushesha akunakwenzeka, ukusebenzisa amasu okuthuthukisa ezingaba kakhulu ukuphungula isimo lesiguli. Uma okwamanje is uphuthelwe, futhi kwakukhona metastases ezikude, bese kusuka amakhambi anjalo senqabe.

Lusebenza ukuthi imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nemisebe yokwelapha

Kukhethwa indlela yokwelashwa kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi, kuhlanganise esiteji wamaphaphu carcinoma. Izidakamizwa nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuyakhethwa isiguli ngayinye. Okuwukuphela kwendlela ukubhekana ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza, esatholakala ngo-isiguli. Ukwelapha okunjalo kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ngcono ngezimo zesiguli, ngenkathi ukunciphisa usayizi yesimila. Nokho, ukuze akhulule ngokugcwele umuntu ngenxa yalesi sifo le ndlela, ngeshwa, ayikuvumeli.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokushiswa ngokuvamile eyenziwa ukulungiselela umuntu ukuhlinzwa. Ukuze-ke zingase zikhalele futhi emva kokuhlinzwa ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele amaseli abathintekayo kungabangela yokuphindela carcinoma. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwezinye izimo, imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuboniswa lokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi, kanye ukunweba ukuphila komuntu.

Isimiso esifanayo wenziwa kanye radiotherapy.

Lung carcinoma: Izibikezelo

Uma isiguli akubukwana kumuntu ofanelekayo ke amathuba yokutakula ziyancipha kakhulu iminyaka engu-2. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi 0 9% amacala ukufa kwenzeka.

Uma kwathiwa esifike ngesikhathi kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa, bese wabelwa umphumela ukwelashwa ngemisebe noma imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, lo 70% Iziguli ziyakwazi ukuqhubeka ziphila iminyaka engu-5.

ukwelashwa yesondlo

Kunezimo lapho isiguli singenakukwazi babe sesimeni nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokuhlinzwa. Khona-ke wamisela ukwelashwa okukhethekile ezingaba kakhulu ukuphungula isimo sakhe, futhi baphile isikhathi eside. Ezimweni ezinjalo akukhona okungavamile ukuba likhithike e sitholakele esigabeni yokugcina wamaphaphu carcinoma. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isiguli ungachitha, khetha umuntu, zonke izinqubo:

• ukwesekwa ngokwengqondo;
• Isithombe esiqoshiwe izimpawu;
• ukumpontshelwa igazi;
• izinzwa;
• kobuthi egazini.

ekuvimbeleni izifo

Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa wamaphaphu carcinoma, kutuswa ukunciphisa ukuxhumana izinto ezibanga umdlavuza, kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka pholisa igumbi, kuyilapho okwenza yokuhlanza ezimanzi. Kubalulekile ukuba ukuyeka ukubhema ukubhema. Uma usebenza ngesikhathi isitshalo, lapho lenyuka lokuhlushwa thuli ngalesosikhathi nci msebenzi kufanele belahlwa noma ukusebenzisa izindlela eziqinile ukuvikelwa.

Kuze phendla ukuthuthukiswa inqubo umdlavuza ngendlela efanele usaqala, ochwepheshe batusa izikhathi ngonyaka kudlule fluorography.