Kuyini zinc? Formula zinc kwakwakhe. zinc

Omunye izinsimbi Kuye kwavulwa kudala, kodwa kuze kube yilolu suku akalilahlile ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo ukusebenzisa sibonga izakhiwo zalo ephawulekayo zinc. Amandla ayo ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali uvumele ukusebenzisa impahla emagatsheni ahlukahlukene ubuchwepheshe nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Anakho nomthelela obalulekile empilweni yomuntu.

Umlando Omfushane element ukuvulwa

Uyini-zinc, abantu base bazi ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu esivamile. Labe ufunde ukusebenzisa Alloys equkethe lokhu metal. AmaGibhithe ayesebenzisa i-ore equkethe zethusi ne-zinc, kanye yabo tho okulungiselelwe okuhlala kakhulu, namachibi impahla ukumelana. izinto zasekhaya atholakele, izitsha ezenziwe kulokhu kwaziswa.

Igama zinc kutholakala emibhalweni udokotela Paracelsus AD XVI leminyaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwensimbi ngenkuthalo uqale ukusebenzisa udini Chinese zemali yakhe. Kancane kancane, ulwazi izidakamizwa futhi izakhiwo zalo ezinhle lobuchwepheshe ngamatjhuguluko eYurophu. Kwabe sekuthi ngo-eJalimane, eNgilandi ngafunda futhi ukuthi ukhethe okunjalo futhi lapho ingasetshenziswa.

Brass wayengomunye walaba ingxubevange bokuqala futhi eyaziwa kakhulu, lisetshenziswe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo eKhupro, kamuva eJalimane nakwamanye amazwe.

Igama livela zincum Latin, kodwa etymology alucacile. Kukhona izinguqulo eziningana.

1. Kusukela Zinke isiJalimane, okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "The Island."
2. Kusukela zincum Latin, okusho "nezimagqabhagqabha mhlophe".
3. Persian "cheng", okusho idwala.
4. ZamaJalimane zinco, okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "uqwembe", "i eyesore".

Namuhla igama lento sitholwa kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX. Ukubaluleka zinc ion kubantu futhi wayekhulunyelwa kuphela muva (XX leminyaka). Ngaphambi kwalokhu, akukho izifo nge lesi sici ayixhumekile.

Nokho kuyaziwa ukuthi ezikhathini zasendulo, izizwe eziningi wasebenzisa isobho inyama iwundlu + njengomnikelo ithuluzi yokutakula ekuguleni futhi sokuchitshiyelwa okusheshayo. Namuhla singasho ukuthi umphumela kungenxa zinc-ion, okuyinto kule isidlo iqukethe impela eningi. Wasiza ukubuyisela kwegazi, akhulule ukukhathala isebenze umsebenzi ubuchopho.

Zinc-elementi: izici

Lo msuka itholakala uhlelo gqwa eqenjini yesibili, iqeqebana ezivelayo. Inombolo ukulandelana 30, i-zinc isisindo - 65,37. Okuwukuphela njalo kanye namachibi isimo +2. Ukulungiselelwa electronic yangaphandle athomu ungqimba 4s ^2.

Ngo Ithebula Zinc, ithusi, cadmium, i-chromium, manganese nabanye abaningi - iyona izinsimbi inguquko. Lezi zihlanganisa bonke abasemathuneni electron kungene zangaphandle predvneshny d f amandla sublevels.

Inguquko izinsimbi zihlanganisa-platinum iqembu futhi (igolide, Iridium, palladium, i-platinum, osmium, nabanye). Ngoba bonke libhekene kumiswa compounds eziyinkimbinkimbi, lapho benza njengoba ejenti complexing ngezinombolo ezahlukene ukubambisana. Konke lokhu kuyingxenye element olucutshungulwayo yithi.

Kukhona emihlanu isotopes esitebeleni ngokwemvelo ngezinombolo mass 64 kuya 70. ⁶⁵ Zn - enemisebe, ngokuphila isigamu izinsuku 244 ka.

Zinc uyinto elula

Kuyini zinc ifomu evamile? It - metal, esiliva blue, ngokushesha embozwe zokuzivikela oxide ifilimu emoyeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubonakala sengathi akuyona brilliant kakhulu. Nokho kubalulekile ukususa ifilimu, ezifana zinc ziphephile izakhiwo zonke izinsimbi - enhle ayebuthaka alandisa kukhanye.

Emvelweni, atholakala Ukwakheka amaminerali amaningi imikhando. Ngakho, labo ezivamile:

• zinc blende, noma sphalerite;
• kleyofan;
• marmatit;
• wurtzite;
• smithsonite;
• calamine;
• zinc
• willemite;
• franklenit nabanye.

Njengengxenye ye-imikhando okuxubile ngokuvamile Zinc itholakala kanye nabangane bakhe njalo, njenge:

• thallium;
• germanium;
• indium;
• gallium;
• Cadmium.

Isiyonke imali metal ebangela 0,076% we ungqimba lomhlaba. Likhudlwana kuka ithusi. Futhi, 0,07 mg / l we ketshezi eziqukethwe emanzini asolwandle.

Formula uyinto elula zinc - Zn. Hexagonal crystal eheleni: esindayo. Uhlobo chemical kunenze nisondelane - metal.

izakhiwo

Kungenzeka ukuqoka izici eziningana.

1. Umbala - srebristo okwesibhakabhaka.
2. Ubuningi - 7.13 g / cm ^3.
3. Ukuma - 420 ^{° C} (libhekisela eqenjini ongaphakeme-ukuncibilika metal).
4. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile - impahla ziyaqothuka.
5. abilayo - 906 ° ^C.
6. Lapho sishisiswe 100-150 ^{° C} kwandisa ubunzima futhi ductility, kungenziwa ekhiqizwa wire futhi ucwecwe ugingqe.
7. Over 200 ^{° C} kalula emhlabathini e grey powder, ukulahlekelwa nakalula.
8. Kuyinto umqhubi kakhulu.
9. I conductivity ezishisayo muhle, kanye ukushisa umthamo.

imingcele enjalo ngokomzimba avumele ukusetshenziswa metal nezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali. Ngokwesibonelo, laziwe kabanzi zinc ingxubevange - zethusi.

chemical izakhiwo

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, ucezu metal embozwe surface kweso zibuthuntu enamathela lemicu empunga elinamathela othini-white - zinc oxide. Lokhu kuvela yokuthi umoya-mpilo emoyeni owavele oxidizes izidakamizwa okumsulwa.

Uma isikhathi eside ukugcina isizinda abahlanzekile evulekile ezinomswakama, kuzoba kokubhujiswa kwalo ngo isenzo-carbon dioxide. Njengoba into elula zinc ihlangana:

• halogens;
• chalcogens;
• umoya-mpilo;
• acid;
• alkalis;
• ammonia ne ammonium (nosawoti yayo);
• izinsimbi buthaka.

It akasabeli ne-nitrogen eningi. Uma sithatha zinc ngokuphelele okumsulwa amakhemikhali, ke akasabeli yini zezinto ezisohlwini.

Kusobala ukuthi i-zinc - amphoteric metal. Ngo ukusabela nge alkalis yakha compounds eziyinkimbinkimbi - gidroksotsinkaty.

compounds zinc

izigaba eziningana ezinkulu okuyinto ingashiwo:

1. zinc silicide.
2. Ternary zinhlobo Carbide - Ni ₃ ZnC.
3. zinc halides (chloride, one-fluoride, iodide, bromide).
4. Sulfide, selenide, zinc arsenide.
5. Phosphide futhi boride.
6. Ammine izakhiwo kwamiswa metal ukusabela nge isixazululo ammonia.
7. Cyanides, thiocyanates futhi thiosulfates khona njengoba izakhiwo elihambisana e ikhambi aqueous.
8. Oxide ne -zinc hydroxide - compounds amphoteric esetshenziselwa ukulungiswa gidroksotsinkatov izakhiwo.

Iningi compounds timphawu obusetshenziswa embonini chemical noma ezinye izimboni (ubunjiniyela, syntheses yasendlini, upende umkhakha).

Zinc oxide kabanzi lisetshenziswe imithi. Anakho imiphumela emihle eqeda ukuvuvukala, kancane bome abulale amagciwane. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa izimonyo ekwelapheni induna, namaqhubu, induna kanye nezinye izifo zesikhumba.

zinc nosawoti

Cishe zonke nosawoti ezingenziwanga kabili noma eziyinkimbinkimbi, okusho awuqekethe ion nezingahlobene nendaba anemibala - a kungekho nto enemibala emihle crystalline izidakamizwa. Ethandwa kakhulu ngokuya ukusetshenziswa womuntu yibo elandelayo.

1. Zinc chloride - ZnCL _2. Esinye igama uxhumano - nokunamathisela ngomthofu acid. Ngaphandle limelela zinhlayiya ezimhlophe, ubamba umswakama emoyeni. Isetshenziselwa wokuhlanza metal evele ngaphambi nokunamathisela ngomthofu, esikhiqiza endwangwini, amabhethri, ngoba impregnation izinkuni ngaphambi ukwelashwa lukalamula ukuze ubulale amagciwane.
2. zinc sulfide. powder emhlophe, yellowing lapho evuthayo ngokushesha. It has a high ukuma, ngokungafani metal okumsulwa. Asetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa luminescent compounds isetshenziswa izikrini, panel kanye nezinye izinto. Kuyinto Semiconductor.
3. zinc phosphide - ushevu ezivamile esetshenziselwa ukususa izilwane gnawing (amagundane, amagundane).
4. Smithsonite, zinc carbonate noma - ZnCO _3. Kungekho nto enemibala emihle crystalline kwakwakhe, zingaxazululeki emanzini. Isetshenziselwa embonini Petrochemical, kanye nezikhathi lapho ukusabela esikhiqiza kasilika. Ingabe kulethe e zamagama organic, esetshenziswa njengoba nomanyolo for umhlabathi.
5. Zinc acetate - (CH ₃ COO) ₂ Zn. zinhlayiya kungekho nto enemibala emihle, kalula encibilikayo zonke kumakhemikhali awuketshezi kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo. It is kabanzi kokubili zamakhemikhali izimboni wezokwelapha kanye nokudla. Asetshenziselwa ukwelapha nozafaringita. Lisetshenziswa njengendlela ukudla okufakiwe E650 - freshens umoya, kuvimbela ukubonakala koqweqwe namazinyo lapho ingxenye ehlafunwayo. It isetshenziswa etch udayi, ukhuni ekulondolozeni, epulasitikini futhi nezinye syntheses organic. Cishe yonke indawo udlala indima inhibitor.
6. Zinc iodide - zinhlayiya ezimhlophe esetshenziswa esimweni, njengoba electrolyte e amabhethri, njengoba udayi microstudies electronic.
7. Emnyama noma eluhlaza zinhlayiya, esingenakubalwa etholwe zamagama ngqo, njengoba i-zinc-nitrogen akasabeli. Akhiwa ammine metal. Emazingeni aphezulu sekubola ukukhulula zinc Nokho esetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ayo.
8. zinc-nitrate. Kungekho nto enemibala emihle zinhlayiya hygroscopic. Ukusetshenziswa zinc kuleli fomu wenziwa textile kanye lesikhumba umkhakha ngoba Etching kwezicubu.

zinc Alloys

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, zikhona ezivamile zinc ingxubevange - zethusi. Lokho uye kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo laziwa futhi ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa abantu kuze kube manje. Kuyini lokhu?

Brass - liyithusi ne-zinc, okuyinto zivumelana nezinye izinsimbi eziningana, ecobelela isicwebezelisi eyengeziwe, amandla kanye refractoriness ingxubevange. YeZink ekhatsi ukwakheka njengoba isici alloying, ithusi - njengoba eziyisisekelo. umbala Material ophuzi, shiny, kodwa ngaphandle ezindaweni ezimanzi ukungcolisa ekwaziyo. Iphuzu ukuncibilika mayelana 950 ^{° C,} ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu okuqukethwe zinc (elikhulu linjalo, njengeliyiZwi ephansi izinga lokushisa).

Indaba kahle iphuma ku amashidi, amashubhu, ashiselwe contact indlela. Ingabe Ukucaciswa ezinhle lobuchwepheshe, ngakho aphume kwenza izinto ezilandelayo:.

1. Umshini izingxenye kanye namadivayisi ezihlukahlukene yezobuchwepheshe.
2. Imikhono stampings.
3. Nuts nezihluthulelo kanye nokufakwa kwayo.
4. Nokufaka, bushings, ukugqwala izingxenye nemithi tindlela tekutfutsa letehlukene.
5. Buka izingxenye.

Iningi lethu wacabangela isizinda akhiqizwa emhlabeni uyaqhubeka nje ukukhiqizwa ingxubevange.

Olunye uhlobo kwakwakhe intermetallic - zinc antimonide. Formula Zn yakhe ₄ SB _3. Lokhu ingxubevange liyasetshenziswa njengendlela transistors Semiconductor, imagers ezishisayo, amadivayisi magnetoresistive.

Ngokusobala ukusetshenziswa zinc kanye compounds kwakhona kabanzi futhi cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Lokhu metal futhi ethandwa njengoba nje nethusi, aluminium, isiliva, negolide, manganese nensimbi. Inani lawo eliphezulu ikakhulukazi ngezinhloso lobuchwepheshe like impahla anticorrosive. Phela, imbozwe zinc Alloys kanye imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ukuze bazivikele lokhu kubhujiswa inqubo yemvelo.

Iqhaza yemvelo

Kuyini zinc ngokuya imithi eziphilayo? Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sibalulekile empilweni eziphilayo nokuthi elikhulu kangakanani? It kuvela ukuthi ukhethe ion nje kumele kube ezikhona ezintweni eziphilayo. Uma kungenjalo, lokhu kusilela kuzoholela imiphumela elandelayo:

• anaemia;
• kwehle insulini;
• komzimba;
• kwesisindo nememori;
• ukukhathala;
• nokucindezeleka;
• umbono kahle;
• ukucasuka kanye nabanye.

Izindawo ezisemqoka emakamu zinc ion emzimbeni womuntu - kuyinto kwamanyikwe, isibindi kanye nemisipha. Futhi, ingxenye zensimbi iningi enzyme (isib, anhydrase carbonic). Ngakho-ke, iningi catalysis kwenzeka iqhaza zinc.

Yini ngempela athomu?

1. Angenele synthesis-hormone besilisa isidoda.
2. Nyusa ukumuncwa vitamin E.
3. Abathintekayo kulo cleavage yezinhlayiya utshwala emzimbeni.
4. Abahileleke ngokuqondile synthesis-hormone amaningi (insulin, ozokusebenzisa, testosterone nabanye).
5. Kubamba lichaza egazi kanye ukuphulukiswa izicubu ezonakele.
6. It ulawula uketshezi of nezindlala sebaceous, isekela nokukhula okuvamile izinwele nezinzipho, ikhuthaza izinqubo okuzivuselela esikhumbeni.
7. It has ikhono ukhiphe ubuthi emzimbeni futhi ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba.
8. Kuthinta kumiswa zokunambitha nokuhogela.
9. Kuthatha ingxenye ezinqutsheni umbhalo, umzimba uvithamini A, zamagama nucleic nokwaphuka.
10. He is umhlanganyeli zonke izigaba ukukhula nokuthuthuka amaseli, kanye ohambisana inqubo isakhi sofuzo inkulumo.

Konke lokhu kuphinde kufakazela indlela isici esibaluleke kakhulu metal. yendima yayo ekuqhubeleni eziphilayo yacaciswa ukubonwa ngekhulu XX. izinkinga eziningi futhi vivinywa esikhathini esidlule besingagwemeka uma abantu babelazi ukuphathwa usebenzisa izidakamizwa esekelwe zinc.

Singawulondoloza kanjani isilinganiso esifanele lesi sici emzimbeni? Impendulo isobala. Udinga ukudla ukudla okwakungenzeka ukuthi aqukethe i-zinc. Uhlu kungaba eside, ngakho yishoni kuphela lapho inombolo enkulu kwalesi sakhi mbuzo:

• amantongomane kanye imbewu;
• ubhontshisi;
• inyama;
• kwasolwandle, ikakhulukazi ama-oyster;
• okusanhlamvu nesinkwa;
• imikhiqizo yobisi;
• amakhambi, imifino kanye nezithelo.

ukusetshenziswa abantu

Sesivele esiqokiwe yaphelela, lapho izimboni kanye imikhakha yezezimboni zisebenzisa i-zinc. Intengo yalesi zensimbi Alloys salo kunalokho okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ishidi Ithusi ubukhulu 0.6 x 1.5 nohlolwe cishe 260 ruble. Kusuke kufanele kube njalo, ngoba izinga material siphakeme ngokwanele.

Ngakho-ke, i-zinc metallic, okungukuthi, njengoba into elula isetshenziswa:

• lokunameka ngokumelene ukugqwala ku yensimbi steel imikhiqizo;
• abashintsha amabhethri;
• zokunyathelisa;
• njenge-ejenti ekunciphiseni futhi kulethe e zamagama organic;
• e yokusansimbi ngoba inyumbazana ngenxa nezinye izinsimbi kusukela izixazululo zayo.

Zinc oxide isetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ngenxa yezizathu yezimonyo, okuyinto thina kakade okukhulunywe ngaye, kodwa futhi njengendlela yamathebhu e iraba, njengoba sombala mhlophe upende.

Mayelana lapho zisetshenziselwa zinc nosawoti ahlukahlukene, siyatshelwa e kuhlolwe lezi zakhi. Kusobala ukuthi i-zinc jikelele kanye nokusetshenziswa - Kubalulekile futhi okuphawulekayo izingxenye umkhakha, imithi nezinye izimboni, ngaphandle okuyinto eziningi izinqubo ngeke kwenzeke noma ingathiyeki kanzima.