Kuyini igalari? definition

Abantu abaningi abaye balizwa izwi "Igalari". Uvela Kwathi, yiziphi izinhlobo emikhunjini eyaziwa futhi okwakunjengezwi ezikhethekile kula izinkantolo ngokuthi zazakhiwe ngisho Russia tsarist? Ake sithole izimpendulo zayo yonke le mibuzo.

Kuyini igalari?

Leli gama libizwa ngohlobo olukhethekile seagoing isitsha lapho yisandla esetshenziswa Izigwedlo. Kulokhu futhi emikhunjini kwakuyiziboshwa oseyili ngokuvamile esingunxantathu.

Ethandwa kakhulu kukhona imikhumbi esetshenziswa pirates kanye amatilosi. Nakuba ezinye zezinhlobo zemikhumbi ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa ukuhweba.

I etymology kwegama elithi "abagwedli"

Ngokokuqala ngqá igama "abagwedli" eyalotshwa namaGreki. Sinenkosi ngomkhumbi onjalo nabizelwa izwi γαλέη, okuyinto kamuva emenza Galea Latin elithi.

Ngemva abaseRoma, igama eseke cishe zonke izilimi zaseYurophu, lapho futhi kwalondolozwa kuze kube namuhla. Ngenxa ezinye zazo, igama elithi "abagwedli" ayikaziwa ukuze isiRashiya. Ukwahlulela nge ngokubhala, ngemuva Latin, kwathiwa lathathwa Italian (Galera), bese mhlawumbe ngokusetshenziswa Polish (Galera), noma ngokusebenzisa German (Galeere), noma ngokusebenzisa isiFulentshi (galère) yawela Russian.

Nakanjani siyazi ukuthi ibizo angase lathathwa ngolimi lwesiNgisi, njengoba liye walahlekelwa uhlamvu "p" - yaphenduka abagwedli, okuyinto ayikwazanga kodwa kuphazamise ukupela Russian.

Kancane ngomlando emikhunjini

Uyini abagwedli, kanye umsuka wenkulumo ethi isivele okuxoxwe ngawo ngenhla. Manje sinake nomlando walo hlobo lomkhumbi.

Ngenxa yokuthi esikhathini izikebhe ezindala zazakhiwe ukhuni, kuze kube yilolu suku wahlala izingcezu ezincane, lapho ufuna ukunquma kahle ukuthi isetshenziswa imikhumbi ngenkathi izwe lasendulo. Naphezu kwalokhu, abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi izinkantolo, efana emikhunjini, amatilosi ngenkuthalo wahlamba ezinsukwini zika Ancient Egypt neyaseFenike.

Imininingwane Okuningi egcinwe ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinkantolo eGrisi lasendulo. Kukholakala ukuthi emikhunjini kulesi sifundazwe wakhonza njengephayona yempi ngisho iminyaka 800 BC Ngemva fashion amaGreki amaRoma athatha ngomkhumbi onjalo, nangasemva kwabo wonke amazwe ayengawabantwana kwadingeka ukufinyelela lubhekisele oLwandle iMedithera.

Ngaphezu amaGreki, ikakhulukazi idume ukusetshenziswa emikhunjini-Turkish. Ngenxa ngejubane maneuverability lwemikhumbi yenyama, zazingaba ubambe emakhulwini amaningi mkhulu ngamandla ezempi.

Ngaphansi koMbuso isiRashiya, igalari bavela okokuqala yesibili uhhafu XVII. Ukudalwa imidwebo ukwakhiwa kwakubangelwa ithonya uPetru I. Wakwazi ukuba imikhumbi lolu hlobo babé yinto imfanelo ebalulekile ku arsenal asolwandle ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII. Basiza ezimpini Russian-Turkish esizayo. Kodwa babelokhu kamuva axoshwa nge izitsha nge umusi izinjini.

Yiziphi izinhlobo emikhunjini zazikhona ngosuku ubudala

Uyini abagwedli esikutholile. Manje siyazi ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo kwakukhona wale mikhumbi:

• Galley-Bastards babe ijubane kancane futhi maneuverability. Kodwa ngenxa yabo ivolumu umzimba bahambisa isisindo ngaphezulu kokujwayelekile ku esetshenziswa emikhunjini yezempi. Ngenxa yalokhu impahla kulezi emikhunjini ngomkhumbi ikakhulukazi abathengisi kusukela esikhathini Yezwe Lasendulo.
• Zenzilnye emikhunjini - base real lokulwa umkhumbi. Kwakumelwe evulekile ngaphansi, kodwa ijubane ngaphezulu. Le mikhumbi ngenkuthalo esetshenziselwa ukulwa imisebenzi. Ngaphandle lezizitsha abangu sakubona kukuhle kusho pirate ukunyakaza.

Futhi emikhunjini zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu ngokuvumelana nenani amabhentshi ngoba abagwedli.

• Brigantine bona olunezinombolo eziyisishiyagalombili.
• Galeoty - nane kuya kwangamashumi amabili.
• Fust - kusukela nesishiyagalombili ukuba engamashumi amabili nambili.

Impilo onzima abagwedli e emikhunjini: Iqiniso Noma Indaba Eqanjiwe

Kungenxa yokuthi isizathu esiyinhloko ukushayela elementi emikhunjini kwakuyiziboshwa amaphini, kufanele sinake umuntu owayehlezi kubo. Ngokwenkolelo ethandwayo, a rower kwi abagwedli - isigqila, ngesihluku umbonisi ahlukunyezwe. Empeleni, emazweni ahlukahlukene futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene abagwedli ukhathazekile akufani.

Ngakho ezinsukwini yaseGrisi yasendulo Nombuso WaseRoma ku yempi abagwedli Ujwayele abaqeqeshiwe amasosha. Umsebenzi wabo sasihlonishwa futhi bakhokhelwa kahle.

Umkhuba ofanayo yasetshenziselwa ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Phela, lo mkhumbi kwakufanele ngomkhumbi isikhathi eside futhi kuyingozi. Ngakho-ke, labo wahlamba e emikhunjini, ayethanda ukuthemba ukuphila kwakhe abagwedli okhokhelwayo. Futhi, yena, wayenesithakazelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abaqashi babo wahlamba ngokuphepha eziqondiwe umholo wabo.

Kodwa eduze ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVII, lapho emikhunjini kancani athoma esikhundleni izinhlobo ezintsha okuthuthukile lwemikhumbi, kwakukhona isiko ukuze uwasebenzise njengasemuva ukugwedla -. Iziboshwa nezigqila. Futhi emikhunjini Christian ababegwedla isikebhe amaSulumane eyisithunjwa nabalandeli of the Prophet Muhammad sigqilazwe bemikhumbi-Orthodox namaKatolika.

Nge kokutholakala Melika futhi kuqale ukuhweba inkathi abamnyama, emikhunjini babevame ukusebenzisa izigqila ezivela e-Afrika.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo bonke ngazo zonke izikhathi ukuze abagwedli babephathwa kangcono kakhulu kunokuba izinceku phezu kwezwe. Njengoba babethembele ekusindeni nezisebenzi, abasakwazi ngokudla okunomsoco, ukunakekela impilo yabo futhi banikwa isikhathi sokuphumula. Ngempela, uma kwenzeka kushona iningi labo, amatilosi Kwakuyodingeka ukuhlala amaphini.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iziboshwa eziningi wakhetha a abagwedli ngaphezulu emikhunjini kuka ejele. Ngemva zonke izinduna imikhumbi ngokuvamile wabaphatha ingcono kakhulu nakubo.

Modern "abagwedli"

Esikhathini eside esidlule babe emikhunjini. Namuhla betholakala khona kuphela ngayo eminyuziyamu. Nokho, e-Turkey kukhona ethandwa kakhulu iholidi, egama layo linguJehova lehamba igama elithi "Igalari". Lezi imibono mayelana aphambili Ihhotela Galeri kuyona ( «Galeri kuyona"), esisogwini olusentshonalanga LwaseMedithera (emzini Alanya). Naphezu notorious 5 izinkanyezi, le ndawo namanje eliphansi kuya resort eziningi ezase-Mediterranean elise kwamanye amazwe.

Uma namandla ezezimali ayikuvumeli ukuchitha iholide inkanyezi ezinhlanu Galeri kuyona, ungathola omunye ehhotela Alanya - "Igalari» (Galeri 4), isibonelo. Yena indawo yasemaphandleni edolobheni efanayo futhi, nakuba kunabayeni inkanyezi eyodwa nje eziphawulwe ngenhla okunzima Galeri kuyona 5, liyindawo enkulu ukuba uphumule. Kuzoba abiza kakhulu iningi izivakashi yasekhaya.

Ngaphezu igama Turkish ehhotela, bavumelane igama elithi "Igalari" yigama lonke iqoqo izinhlobonhlobo dahlia - "Igalari» (Gallery). Lolu chungechunge siqukethe 17 izinhlobo. Ngamunye wabo ogama lakhe behlonipha umdwebi odumile, isibonelo, noma Gallery Pablo Igalari Rembrandt. I engavamile of izinhlobo "Igalari" wukuthi awayona kuphela enhle kakhulu, kodwa futhi amelana sedlule ubunzima.