Kuyini COPD? izimpawu isifo

Izifo umgudu wokuphefumula, lapho kukhona ukwephulwa ukudlula umoya izindlela womoya zithambekele inchubekelembili njalo kanye mkhuba engelapheki eyaziwa ngokuthi ezingamahlalakhona obstructive isifo samaphaphu, noma COPD elifushane. Izimpawu zesifo kuvetwa eqenjini dyspnea njalo, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi acute ukukhwehlela viscous nge expectoration. Pathogenesis izimpawu COPD zincike sezingeni ukulimala izicubu ngu umthelela ukukhanya izici etiological. Bronchial isikhwehlela hypersecretion kwenzeka, viscosity yayo uyanda futhi, ngenxa yalokho, slime zasebenza asuswa kule umgudu. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kukhona yigciwane, COPD yashubisa ne lokushisa ziyanda, ukuwohloka kwesimiso jikelele, ukubukeka hypoxia ezinzima nokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi COPD sifo libhekene i ukugeleza njalo eziguqukayo nge kushintshana izinkathi exacerbation kanye kuzolile inqubo sokugembula. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo amenable ekwelashweni kunzima, kudinga reception njalo lesondlo izidakamizwa nokulandela yokuphila efanele. Iziguli, ikakhulukazi asebekhulile, ku ukukhubazeka, ukusebenza, futhi ubonisa ukubekezelelana nangesandla esiqinile kwehle.

Okungalapheki obstructive isifo samaphaphu bamunye igama labo izifo eziningana umgudu wokuphefumula: ezingamahlalakhona ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula obstructive, ezingamahlalakhona yamaphaphu isifo senhliziyo, samaphaphu esinciphisa ukuphefumula, iphaphu futhi, njengoba inkinga lesi sifo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme yamaphaphu.

Izimbangela COPD

Lapho obstructive isifo samaphaphu waphawula ushintsho zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo samaphaphu izicubu, lokhu bavame hhayi kubo bonke abantu, kukhona yofuzo, ukuntuleka antitrypsin. izici Ezilimazayo ngokuyinhloko: inkathi ende ukubhema, ukukhiqizwa eziyingozi (ehambisana nomsebenzi). nomphumela olimazayo amaphaphu usimende Silicon uthuli, uthuli ukotini izinhlayiya noma okusanhlamvu ku ikheshi noma ngesikhathi kuvunwa. Hhayi indima yokugcina idlalwa kabi izimo zemvelo abampofu. izici Etiological, inkanuko amaseli secretory ukubangela hypersecretion of uketshezi bronchial. Kushintshwe epithelium ciliated ayikwazi kuphunywe isikhwehlela viscous eliningi eyanele, futhi stagnates kukhona ukuvaleka (isimiso) izindlela emazingeni ehlukene. Hyperextension imisipha zokuphefumula okuholela ukwakheka foci of airiness anda. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini imbangela COPD, izimpawu zayo zifana yezifo ezihlukahlukene.

Izimpawu Izimpawu COPD at izifo ezahlukene

Obstructive ukucinana kwemithambo yomoya emaphashini libhekene ukukhwehlela wamanziswa ngamazolo expectoration nzima. ukukhwehlela Ukwandiswa kwenzeka ngesikhathi abandayo, kubanda. uketshezi bronchial iba uhamba viscous futhi kunzima, ngokuvamile obuhambisana nokuthanda ongaphakeme-ebangeni imfiva. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase ukuthuthukisa bronchospasm nge nokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula.

Ngo-emphysema kwenzeka wamaphaphu sokugembula ukunwetshwa izingxenye ukusebenza - le-alveoli, kubenze ukwandisa airiness, hyperextension odongeni alveolar kanye nokungakwazi kwalolu negesi lokushintshisana evamile. Lesi sifo nezicubu wamaphaphu kukhawulwe (ebalulekile) kanye ehlasela umzimba. ngaleyo ndlela Khanyisa zifane amagilebhisi. Elinesimo ethize uhlobo esifubeni, kuba emgqonyeni ukuma ngenxa emoyeni ngokweqile. Iziguli esekhala kufushane njalo umoya, ungakwazi zibukeke uqaphele iqhaza imisipha ezengeziwe ukuphefumula. Uma esifubeni obstuchal eshaywayo, ibhokisi umsindo auscultated.

Izindlela kokuphatha COPD

Injongo eyinhloko yawo yokwelapha COPD kuyinto ukuqeda izimbangela zesifo kanye ekunqandeni okungenzeka ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo. Isiguli kufanele kwenzeke ukuba ngiyeke ukubhema, uma kukhona izingozi emsebenzini, ushintsho imisebenzi. Kungcono ukuba bahlanganyele njalo ukuvivinya umzimba, umzimba zokuphefumula. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukugwema umkhuhlane. Exacerbation ziphathwe izidakamizwa, bronchi dilyatiruyuschimi. Lawa amagama ahlobene of tiotropium (Spiriva, Atrovent) okuyinto esetshenziswa ifomu ephefumula. Nciphisa ukuvuvukala hormone izicubu edema (prednisolone, hydrocortisone, dexamethasone). Lapho izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane iphendukele nokusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi.

Expectoration ka phlegm futhi thinning okubangelwa mucolytics.

Uma nokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula kuwusizo lapho ephefumula Kufihlwe umoya-mpilo okumsulwa.