Kungenzeka yini ukuba akhiqize neodymium odonsa ngezandla zakho siqu?

Ososayensi baye eside uzama ukudala odonsa superstrong ngesisekelo Alloys ahlukahlukene. Kodwa iningi ngentuthuko kwadingeka ukusebenzisa izinto ezingase ingozi abantu. Ekugcineni ngakwazi ukuthola ingxenye ngesisekelo neodymium. Lokhu ezingavamile emhlabeni metal akusho usongo kokuphakelwa impilo. Ngajwayelana sezindawo eziyingqayizivele le nto, abaningi bacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba akhiqize neodymium odonsa ngezandla zabo. Ngokwe-mbono - kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ngamazwi ubuchwepheshe. Noma ungakwenza ngezinto ezase yesibili eluhlaza?

Neodymium odonsa: yini lento?

Ngokusho ososayensi, le ntuthuko kwathatha iminyaka engaba ngu-20 yokucwaninga nokuhlolwa. Ukukhethwa izinto uyakucabangela izici eziningi: lungeneke, nezimo, ukuphepha, okusezingeni eliphezulu izakhiwo kazibuthe, ukumelana kwezimo zendawo. isiqondiso Ukuthembisa yososayensi wayebheka ukusetshenziswa ezingavamile emhlabeni izinsimbi. Neodymium kanye le njongo waya kahle nje.

Kusekelwe phezu odonsa ube amandla ngendlela emangalisayo adhesion. Ngisho esincane impahla uyakwazi nokubamba isisindo izikhathi eziningi mkhulu kunezinhliziyo isisindo salo. izakhiwo Magnetic ayagcinwa isikhathi eside (ukulahlekelwa akukho kuka 2% eminyakeni 10 yokusetshenziswa). Manje odonsa neodymium angathengwa at okukhethekile ezitolo. Amanani ayatholakala cishe wonke umuntu.

isakhiwo

Magnets ngesisekelo ezingavamile emhlabeni metal Nd2Fe14B ezikhonjiswe ifomula. Isakhiwo kufaka neodymium (Nd), insimbi (Fe), boron (B). ubuchwepheshe sici ukuthi ezingavamile emhlabeni metal injalo emsulwa kunzima ukukhomba. Inqubo sintering nezinye izingxenye in ifomu powder okufanele kwenzeke ngaphansi imvelo inert. Kungenjalo namachibi ayo okusheshayo kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa izakhiwo.

Ubuchwepheshe izimo ezijwayelekile ezinzima, ngakho zama ukwenza neodymium odonsa ngezandla okungalungile. Ilebulelwe imikhiqizo ekukhiqizeni. Inombolo ngemva izinhlamvu N (25, 30, 45) lisho ikhodi. Ayanda score, ukuya ngokuqina izakhiwo kazibuthe material. Inombolo futhi kuncike yokusebenza lokushisa esiphezulu kukazibuthe.

Izici

Ukuvimbela izimo zemvelo ukuthonya odonsa imbozwe Ukwakheka zokuzivikela. Ngokuvamile, nickel ungqimba ezimbili noma inguqulo ngcono nge isendlalelo Lesisemkhatsini wethusi. Enye ezibalulekile sici - neodymium odonsa okushisa angaphezu kuka-70 ° C ziqala ukuba demagnetized. Kokweqa izindinganiso umkhawulo kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okuphelele izakhiwo kanye nenguquko ingxubevange e ucezu metal.

I ngokucacile we zincwadi namaBhayibheli kudinga ekhethekile izinyathelo zokuphepha emsebenzini. Ngokwesibonelo, neodymium odonsa abe 50x30 mm ingcina amandla 100 - 115 kg, futhi 70x50 mm 300 kg. Ukuluphatha ngesihluku bangase balimaza: get iminwe yakho wabanjwa, ukulimaza esikhumbeni, ukulimala kwamathambo. ukushayisana engalawuliwe odonsa ababili bangase ebhidlikayo impahla kumiswa izingcezu abukhali engalimaza amehlo akho.

isicelo

Ngokwesiko asetshenziswe zobuchwepheshe, lapho udinga ukudala inkambu unomphela kazibuthe. izakhiwo Material unike amandla ngempumelelo uzisebenzise ekutholeni futhi ephakamisa sufaka kusuka phansi amadamu. izakhiwo ezinjalo ngaphandle yasibamba we lugs ikhebula zifakwa eyebolt ezimane kudingekile ngoba lapho screwing ivumela disengaging ebusweni ezimbili kakhulu kuhambisana.

Magnets ekhiqizwa nge usayizi mm 1 kuya 120 ububanzi futhi ukujiya kanye ukuma obuhlukahlukene. Kakhulu wabo kabanzi lesikhumba izimpahla kanye ifenisha izimboni. Bona ingatholakala amathoyizi fun kanye namadivayisi ulenga izinto ezihlukahlukene. uzibuthe onamandla nalolo ukuhlunga luyimbudumbudu futhi izinto eziwuketshezi. Zisetshenziswa ukubamba e ukugeleza iphayiphi metal ukungcola kanye lezinto angaphandle.

Izikhwepha High isibopho ekhuthaza abantu ukuba ukuzisebenzisela "ukulondoloza" uma usebenzisa amanzi kanye negesi. Ngokuthenga neodymium odonsa izinto zokubala, basuke, Ngakho-ke, akukhona ukuhlakanipha ukuzama ukuyifinyelela okwehlisa noma ukumvimba ukujikeleza indlela. Lokhu kungenzeka kwakuthiwa etholakala namanye amadivayisi lapho kudingeka khona ngaphakathi amalungu steel. uzibuthe Inamandla ukukhwezwa endaweni ezithile emzimbeni, engabambezela ukujikeleza impeller.

Kungenzeka yini ukuba akhiqize neodymium odonsa ngezandla zakho siqu?

Industrial ubuchwepheshe ngaphandle sintering isisindo ingxubevange, uhilela eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zingakwazi ukufunda ekhaya imvelo magnetization inqubo okuholela izidakamizwa. Lisebenzisa amandla Amasimu enamandla kakhulu. Uma sinesifiso esikhulu ukuze uthole ngokwakho odonsa neodymium, ngezandla zakho ungenza kanjalo by ukuliqaqa "akusebenzi" electronics leminyaka.

Kwezinye ubudala hard drive zingatholakala ngaphakathi eyodwa - izakhi ezincane ezimbili. Ukuzama imishini noma akuqede odonsa ezinjalo ngeke usebenze. Ebusweni ungqimba zokuzivikela lilimele, indaba ihlangana imvelo futhi ilahlekelwa impahla yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zithi, i-chips has a flammability okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi kungaba okhela ebusweni ezizungezile.