Kulethe yezimoto - kuyini? Catalyst Izithuthi: ukusebenza isimiso, intengo, ukubuyekezwa

Ukuze nokwehlisa eziyingozi kwekhabhoni anobuthi phakathi uphethiloli amandla omlilo ohlelweni qeda motor ezokuthutha umthamo idivayisi ezifana kulethe yezimoto. Kuyini lokhu? Ukukhuluma chemical imigomo, ekwandeni kuyinto ikhemikhali ngesivinini zamakhemikhali, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo awusebenzi uqobo asabele. I yelikhono eyisiqalo insimbi: nickel, steel, ithusi, i-chromium, palladium, negolide. Ngesisekelo isimiso umsebenzi wedivayisi imoto okhanda amanye amathuba yikhono catalyze izinto ukusheshisa zamakhemikhali.

Ilingana imoto kulethe qeda ipayipi ngokushesha ngemva le ezininginingi qeda, kuyaqabukela ku ngalendoda. Lokhu kungenxa ukusebenza lokushisa imingcele zedivayisi, nesebenzela ngokuyimpumelelo ngesikhathi degrees anamakhulu mathathu. Ububi yaleli lungiselelo ukubeka emfushane kulethe ukuphila, ngenxa efanayo izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

izinto eziyingozi

Ngo inqubo uphethiloli amandla omlilo kule amasilinda yenjini e amagesi qeda ekhiqizwa izinto eziyingozi futhi ezinobuthi. Nokho, banalo nomthelela omubi nomzimba womuntu kanye nemvelo iyonke. Izingxenye ezinkulu eziyingozi zihlanganisa: hydrocarbon (Isakhi esiyinhloko qeda), i-nitrogen oxide (extra qeda ingxenye), i-carbon monoxide (amagesi anobuthi akudingeki iphunga nombala).

kulethe yezimoto - kuyini?

Njengomthetho, Converter yesimanje okhanda amanye amathuba - idivayisi emithathu iphakethe hlobo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi yona ifakwe transducers e isamba amayunithi ezintathu, ngamunye okuyinto kunciphisa ekushayweni emkhathini into ethile. Umniningwane izimoto kuyinto igabha metal ezenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali, ngaphakathi okuyinto ibekwe eziningi amaseli, noma ubuhlalu sobumba.

A lezinyosi kulethe eyenziwe ngensimbi noma impahla Ceramic futhi catalyzing ezibonakalayo wafutha. Ikakhulu esetshenziselwa ukufafaza steel, i-platinum kanye palladium. Okwamanje, Babengaphezu kungenzeka isetshenziselwe sebethule igolide, njengoba ushibhile kuno ezinye izinto ngoba izingxenye ezifana yelikhono yezimoto. Kuyini - ukuklanywa izitsha zobumba? Kuyinto evamile ngaphezulu ngenxa cheapness yayo, kodwa omunye ethile - fragility. Engingakusho uhlevane ezincane kumaseli lilimele. Ukunqoba semfene umgwaqo omkhulu noma izithiyo ezifana lomgwaqo, kungalimaza ingxenye. Ngakho, abashayeli ngokuvamile abakuboni yokuthi lomonakalo kulethe.

Umgomo we operation

Transducer isebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili - kuyinto ukunciphisa ejenti kanye oxidizing izakhiwo (kokubili ogibele kulethe yezimoto). amatshe ayigugu imali kwi cell, baye Lentulo izakhiwo. Lawa steel ne-platinum, okuyinto inciphise nitrogen oxide kwekhabhoni. Le nqubo kwenzeka kanje: ngesikhathi ukushayisana zishintshe dioxide noma nitrogen oxide ne-platinum molecule ehlukanisa nitrogen ne-oxygen ukukhululwa. Ngokulandelayo, athomu nitrogen abaxhumana nayo nomunye athomu nitrogen, kanjalo ukwakha nitrogen isimo gaseous.

Inqubo namachibi Kwenziwa ukusetshenziswa palladium. Ngebanga lalokho, lokhu kunciphisa inani kulethe akuyona dogorevshego amafutha kanye carbon monoxide e amagesi qeda ngu nokushiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulethe Akhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-carbon dioxide ngemva kokubona ukusabela phakathi oxide nitric nomoya-mpilo, okungase ayishise. Uma sikubeka kalula, ngenxa zindlela zokusabela izinto eziyingozi zishiswa iguqulwe ibe amanzi avamile, isikhutha kanye nitrogen.

Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu of zokugwema ukuphuka we kulethe

Kuye yelikhono design and izimpahla ezisetshenziselwa babe nobuntu umonakalo futhi zokugwema ukuphuka ezithinta imbangela.

uhlobo bobumba:

• Umonakalo kusuka ukushaqeka imithwalo.
• Kusukela amanzi esiwela idivayisi ashisayo.
• Umonakalo kusuka Ekuqhumeni ekwandeni. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngenxa okuyiphutha ukuthungela uhlelo - emva ukuthungela.

Ezinye izinhlobo amadivayisi:

• Ugqugquzela ukhwaliti ongaphakeme.
• bafake ngokweqile piston izindandatho.
• The kungenzeka engene ohlelweni qeda uketshezi yamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene.
• carburetion Kahle uphethiloli nge emoyeni.
• Okweqile zedivayisi kulethe.

kudivayisi izimpawu

Iqiniso lokuthi imoto emotweni engaphelele kulethe synthesizer, izibuyekezo abashayeli uyavumelana eyodwa, futhi ngokuvamile ayefana kakhulu. Okokuqala, kuba omunye umsindo emzimbeni, okusikisela ukuthi izingxenye cell zilimele. Okulandelayo - iconsi olubonakalayo injini ukusebenza izimoto idling engazinzile. Kukhona amathuba enamandla okweqile ngenxa amaseli avimbekile futhi ngimpofu throughput qeda amandla.

Kuthiwani uma waphulile

Ngokuvamile kulethe kuhlulekile esikhundleni esisha. Ukuze afeze balungisa kudivayisi akunakwenzeka, futhi uma namanje zama uyithole, kuyoba nzima ngempela futhi zibiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukusebenza yayo encishisiwe kakhulu. A yezimoto intengo entsha kulethe kuncike brand kanye imodeli lomshini. Uma sicabangela ejwayelekile yelikhono isabelomali izimoto, bangakwazi ukufinyelela amanani afika ku 15 eziyinkulungwane. Ruble, kuhlanganise ukufakwa.

Ngokuyinhloko, lo mkhiqizo isiqinisekiso encane. Ngokusho wabenza, kukhona izinto eziningi nomthelela isikhathi ukusebenza idivayisi futhi ayikwazi ukulawulwa. Automobile kulethe Ukwakheka esesikhundleni esiphakeme izindleko ezibonakalayo, isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuya ukwakhiwa angeke abe eziphansi. Ngakho-ke, lapho ongakhetha amaningana for esikhundleni kulethe ezilimele ukuthi angaletha wena esiteshini inkonzo yilezi:

• Ukukhweza idivayisi jikelele. Limelela negabha ngaphandle kulethe ngokugcwalisa amaseli yangaphakathi.
• Ukufakwa kohlelo ilangabi arrestor qeda. I kulethe kufanele ayifakiwe ngokuphelele uhlelo. Kulokhu, qeda amagesi bahlanza, kanye arrestor ilangabi siyamanisa ukugeleza amagesi qeda kanye kunciphisa kumiswa umsindo nezingahlobene nendaba.

Car synthesizer "ASC" kulethe

Le divayisi esiku fuel isihlungi uhlobo egoqekayo, ehlanganisa ezimbili cartridges izingxenye esikhundleni. Ilingana synthesizer kulethe ohlelweni nophethiloli izimoto injini. olunezinombolo eyodwa igobolondo igibele ukusungula inqubo okhanda amanye amathuba ukuthi usebenza ngaphakathi imizuzu amabili. Ngemva kwalokho, esikhundleni yayo efakwe a igobolondo wesibili ukuthi wenza catalyze inqubo amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi run imoto. Khona-ke, inqubo igobolondo obandayo yanjalo okuphindaphindiwe. Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kudivayisi kusebenza cishe amathathu ukuba esikhundleni igobolondo, noma izinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amabili endleleni.

Automobile kulethe synthesizer has nemiphumela eminingi emihle ekusebenzeni injini:

• Isisiza ekuqaleni injini futhi efudumele phakathi nenkathi ebandayo.
• Kunciphisa kungenzeka odla we injectors nophethiloli.
• Lokho kwenza ugqugquzela umnotho.
• Futhi encishisiwe intuthu ekushayweni izinto eziyingozi.
• Kwandisa ukuphila yenjini iyonke.
• Ithuthukisa inqubo ukuthungela kule amasilinda.

Ukuthola leli thuluzi kuzosiza ugcine izindleko eziphawulekayo ukusebenza imoto, njengoba kuboniswa okubuyayo abashayeli. Automobile kulethe synthesizer has a izindleko esifundeni ruble ezintathu namakhulu nesigamu, kodwa konke kuncike izinga umkhiqizo nomakhi.

Ukulahlwa kabusha catalysts futhi

Uma sicabangela iqiniso lokuthi umklamo zedivayisi sihlinzekela ukusetshenziswa metal kuyabiza, futhi ngokwalo has a abalulekile izindleko lento. Manje kukhona amafemu amaningi esisemthethweni, okuyinto bekwi ukucutshungulwa amadivaysi. Recycle kulethe yezimoto - kuyini? Ngesisekelo lesi simo sibangelwa inqubo yokuthola lezi zinsimbi eziyigugu, amaseli. Kunezindlela eziningana ukucutshungulwa, kodwa ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi isikhathi, ngakho okufanayo akhiphe-platinum ekhaya engenakwenzeka. Inketho engcono kakhulu ukuthengisa idivayisi ingasebenziseki ukucutshungulwa amabhizinisi. Nokusebenzisa kabusho imikhiqizo esisebenzile catalysts yezimoto amabhizinisi kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nayo yonke amazinga kanye nokudingekile zemvelo nokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza technologies ekhethekile.

isiphetho

Ngokusekelwe osekushiwo, kungase kuqashelwe ngokuqiniseka ukuthi idivaysi ezifana kulethe, kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukusebenza egcwele imoto, futhi imvelo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba ukuqapha isimo sayo futhi afeze esikhundleni ngesikhathi esifanele uma zokugwema ukuphuka wengxenye.