Kostomuksha Reserve (Republic of Karelia): umlando, incazelo, zezilwane nezimila

Kostomuksha Reserve - into ehlukile. Nakuba, uma kuphela ngoba itholakala emazweni amabili: Russia nase Finland. Le ndawo nokongiwa - ingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi esikhulu wadala ngo-1990 ngu-Finland kanye nezwe lethu. Ibizwa ngokuthi "Ubungane": Kostomuksha Reserve (Russia) futhi ezinhlanu Izindawo evikelwe (Finland). Ngakho, emazweni zemvelo ezimbili obakhathalelayo ukuphepha lokhu ehlathini indawo ehlukile enhle. Amahlathi kanye nengcebo yabo eningi, nge ichibi elihlanzekile zidala inhlanzi, begijima emifuleni, izilwane nezinyoni - lawa izinto zemvelo, okuyinto idume yimvelo bhuka eduze Kostomuksha.

indaba

Umuzi wanika igama layo kuze kufike endaweni ebekelwe, Kostomuksha, impela. Weza emhlabeni isitshalo entabeni, elakhiwa lapha ngo-1982 ngu amabutho Russia kanye Finland. Inkampani waziphatha ukukhiqizwa nsimbi eluhlaza izinto. Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi lolu hlobo ukukhiqizwa kunomthelela omubi kwezemvelo. Ngakho, izwe isivele ezikhonjwe ngo-1983, lapho kuyadingeka ukuze azivikele imiphumela enjalo elimazayo.

Bese bebeka Kostomuksha e Karelia yavela. Ngeshwa, kwaba ekuqaleni endaweni kwakungeyona indawo ebanzi kangako, ngakho namanje amanye amasayithi zemvelo wasongelwa. Kuphela ngo-1991, lapho Wajoyina i-Finnish ukuphepha zone, umhlaba safinyelela 47 569 amahektha lanamuhla.

Ngokumangalisayo, ngesikhathi iMpi Enkulu 1941-1945 GG. kule ndawo cishe ayiphazamiseki. Yiqiniso, kwakukhona abanye izindawo iminonjana lokulwa, kodwa mancane kakhulu.

isikhundla ezindawo

Lapho itholakala Kostomukshsky Reserve? insimu yalo siphela nasentshonalanga ngasemngceleni Finland ogwini Stone Lake. Uma sikhuluma obuphelele, phakathi amaphuzu eningizimu nasenyakatho amakhilomitha 27, amakhilomitha ayishumi nanhlanu phakathi entshonalanga nasempumalanga izinhlangothi.

Kulula ukuthola: kusukela Petrozavodsk kufanele sifinyelele Kostomuksha, kumayelana 500 amakhilomitha. Umzila siphela ezokuthutha ezahlukene zomphakathi (ujantshi ibhasi). Kungenzeka futhi ukuba kudlule ngokuqondile Petersburg ukuze Kostomuksha. Khona-ke, kusukela emzini ukushayela enye amakhilomitha 25. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ekuvakasheni esiqiwini kudinga imvume ekhethekile, okuyinto kungenziwa yayala kwi website esemthethweni.

Isimo sezulu

Ezokuphepha zone Kostomukshsky reserve itholakala zone Atlantic-Arctic. Nokho egeleza eduze Gulf Stream inikeza Ubusika ngokwanele omnene: lokushisa ezingavamile ingezansi degrees -10. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo ivikelwe nge iqhwa ikhava obukhulu, okuyinto amanga lapha kuze Meyi.

Umkhawulo lokushisa ehlobo kuba degrees 17. Autumn iza ekuseni: ngo-September kunesithwathwa lokuqala lwenzeka.

Lake

Inhliziyo Kostomuksha Reserve - Lake Stone. By the way, okokuqala uvele igama layo. Leli qembu amanzi ka 26 amamitha ukujula - indawo olunothile kakhulu, etholakala iringi-ocebile kwamahlathi Boreal. Leli chibi has inqwaba iziqhingi ezinkulu kanye nezincane, njengoba kukhona coves njalo, amatheku. ugu lwayo akuyona bushelelezi, futhi imagebhugebhu kakhulu.

Ngisho ubunjalo ezingwini kuhluka ezisezansi, ixhaphozi kusukela eningizimu kuya enamadwala-sandy enyakatho. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, wahlala eduze ichibi Karelia. Batshala emadlelweni, kwaholela umnotho futhi sisondelene omakhelwane, Finns.

Ubumsulwa wamanzi okuphila echibini Stone kuxhomeke hhayi kuphela izakhamuzi esiqiwini, kodwa futhi abakhileyo Kostomuksha, ngemva lonke amanzi izakhamuzi Cranes.

Kusukela notshwala kwesigubhu emfuleni eyodwa kuphela, okuthiwa i-efanayo nechibi - Stone. Kuyinto eyisimanga ngoba omnene kokuhlukana bakhe: olunesivunguvungu amanzi Rapids (phakathi lapho futhi elalidume kunawo wonke inkosi-komngcele) esikhundleni ukugeleza izinze. Umfula uhlukile futhi ukuthi yona ngoba zidala salmon uya, lapha uya phasi ngokuzalanisa salmon, abahlala nawo echibini.

Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange Kostomuksha Reserve (Republic of Karelia) has emachibini amancane angaba ngu-250, kodwa Stone kuphela inama amanzi ecacile (ukubonakala kuze 5 amamitha). Zonke amachibi ukuxhumana nomunye, ubheke Bay iWhite Sea.

ihlathi

Kostomuksha Reserve - kuyinto ingxenye enkulu yehlathi, ngenhlanhla, ayitsintseki izinto ezenziwa abantu. Amaningi ala masimu ubuswa emahlathini kaphayini, kancane kancane - sonwele. birch ezibunayo kuncane kakhulu.

Inani elikhulu izihlahla zikaphayini esiqiwini kungenxa linqoba ayindlala Stony nenhlabathi of ehlathini. Kuyinto lezi izihlahla zikhule emithambekeni amagquma, omakhelwane zabo - lukagamthilini, umjunipha. Phansi inhlabathi ingaphezu behlomile kanye nezakhi ezondla umzimba, yingakho zikaphayini esikhundleni sonwele amahlumela.

Birch zitholakala kuphela emngceleni esiqiwini.

izitshalo

Flora nezilwane ezihlukahlukene esiqiwini kunqunywa Kostomukshsky ehlathini zone - engacebile ngokwanele. Nokho, zikhona izitshalo ezingavamile nezilwane.

Ngakho, iTshe Lake zingatholakala lobelia dortmanna. Lesi simila kuyinto uhlobo inkomba of msulwa amanzi, ehlala kuphela crystalline, amanzi non-bangcolile. Lobelia akuvamile ukuze ifakwe ohlwini eNcwadini Red. Lesi sitshalo muhle: stem sasivumela eside ethwele ibhulashi izimbali ezimhlophe ezime njengesitebhisi izinsimbi.

Lobelia - hhayi kuphela ezingavamile isitshalo Reserve. Kukhona lapha nabanye. Ngokwesibonelo, ukugibela hop, ama-orchid Platanthera, violet Selkirk - ingqikithi 300 zilwane. Ehlathini - umbuso wona kanye ulele. Bayisibonelo eziningi ezinkulu. Softwoods, amaxhaphozi - indawo kakhulu ukwanda kwabo.

Stone phezu lomfula kusukela engxenyeni eseningizimu esiqiwini sikhule cranberry, cherry zasendle rose. Lihlangabezana Impisi amagxolo - isitshalo ivelakancane lezi zindawo.

Kostomuksha Nature Reserve - yindawo yezihlahla amajikijolo. Kukhona ezikhulayo elikhanyayo cloudberry, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amajingijolo, itshe ejikijolweni abanye. By the way, ukuqoqa ingcebo endaweni akuvunyelwe.

izinyoni

Xoxa ngezilwane ezincane kumele kuqale nge izinyoni. Njengazo zonke phakathi kwezilwane, tiniketwe nawa izinhlobo ezimbalwa. Abaningi ahlelwe njengoba ezisengcupheni. Sibala ejwayelekile kakhulu.

Bean Goose. Zihlukaniswa lingakanani kunalokho enkulu, umlomo wenyoni futhi elimnyama, elalihlala ehlukanisa umugqa tebhu orange. Futhi iduna nensikazi kukhona nombala ofanayo: umbala grey ansundu. Hlukanisa wobulili lenyoni kungaba usayizi abesilisa - abayikho emikhulu. Ngokuphathelene imikhuba ke ngisho lezi izidleke goose zitholakala eduze ichibi, ngesikhathi sasemini, bakhetha ukuya kude ezweni, ukubuyela ukudicilela kuphela i ukuhlala ubusuku.

dada Whooper. Elikhulu, esinesithunzi inyoni emhlophe. It zintanta emanzini, ngeqholo ukhulisa entanyeni yakhe, ngaphandle eguqa ke. Ku-uqhwaku elikhanyayo aphuzi kahle angabona ithiphu abamnyama. Whooper ukuhlukanisa kusuka congener yayo thulisa elula: bend zokugcina entanyeni ku-oda emikhulu.

Njengoba for izinyoni ezingavamile kwezinyoni ezidla inyama, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana peregrine uheshe, ukhozi elimhlophe-tailed, i-golden eagle futhi nengqungqulu.

Isikhathi esining impela zikhona ryapchiki, grouse emnyama-Gagra, Mallard, Gogol nabanye.

Izilwane ezincane Reserve

Phakathi ezincelisayo ezincane kufanele kuphawulwe zonke izinhlobo namagundane: Amaprotheni ashintshwe okungavamile ukuba likhithike, Shrew, muskrat, nezinhlobo eziningana izimvukuzane. Hare uncamela kuxazululwe phezu lweLake Stone.

Phakathi izakhamuzi ukunikeza ama-beaver Canadian. Lezi izilwane ezizingela ebusuku kuxazululwe phezu amabhange kwamadamu okugcina amanzi. Zihlala maqhugwane eyakhelwe ngendlela ekhethekile. Emizini engu-kukhona Izitolo emanzini, ngoba ama-beaver - ababhukudi esihle. Ngo ukudla ethanda ukudla emagxolweni izihlahla.

Esinye isilwane ezithakazelisayo - a squirrel flying. Kuyinto encane futhi hlobo ezweni lethu. Isilwane lincane kakhulu, kancane ezincane kuno amaprotheni evamile. Kulomcimbi flying squirrel ekhethekile isikhumba nesibaya, okuyinto esakaza, isilwane sikwazi ukuhlela amabanga amade.

Akuvamile kakhulu kulezi zindawo Otter, omele musteline. umzimba isilwane enkulu ngokwanele, kukhona ekhethekile, kuze 95 cm. Fur muhle, eqinile. Umsila cishe elingenalo obuyimvukumvuku, kodwa kwemisipha kakhulu. Otter - ukubhukuda emangalisayo, ngaphandle umsila ukusiza imilenze nge leWebhu futhi ovikelekile sokwakheka komzimba.

Phakathi kwamanye amalungu ochakide weasel akha Kostomukshsky Reserve, marten, mink, Ermine.

izilwane ezinkulu Reserve

izilwane ezinkulu kufanele agcizelele labantu ihlathi reindeer. Hhayi lutho lokhu silwane isendaweni izingalo Kostomukshinskogo Reserve. Ngoba bonke abantu abangamashumi ezinkulungwane amahektha insimu yabo, kukhona inani labantu 32. Animal ukuheha abasha lezihlahla izihlahla - ngesisekelo ekudleni. Ngaphambi ukuthuthelwa ebusika wezinyamazane Ulapha, ngemva kokuhamba nokomhlambi wezinkomo efanayo futhi zishiye esiqiwini.

Kostomuksha Reserve - Indawo amaphiva ndawo. Futhi on ensimini waqala ukuhamba zasendle izingulube kanye Roe izinyamazane.

Kukhona lapha ijwayelekile izilwane ehlathini: izimpisi, izimpungushe, wolverines futhi ama-lynx zivamile. Bears nazo abashisekeli lezi zindawo.