Izimiso zokuphathwa izinga. Amazinga nendlela yokuphatha amazinga ISO 9000

Izimiso zokuphathwa izinga bafuna iphumelele ngamalengiso kuphela ekwakhiweni emfushane, equkethe isiqondiso ngokuphathelene nemikhiqizo ukuqapha isimo. Avezwa ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele, futhi ukukhonza njengesiqondiso osomabhizinisi.

izimiso eziyisisekelo ukuphathwa izinga

ukuphathwa Quality kulawulwa namazinga omhlaba. Kusinda izincomo nemihlahlandlela abaphathi amabhizinisi ezimbonini. Ngakho, has izimiso ukuphathwa izinga ezilandelayo:

• Noma iyiphi inhlangano emisebenzini yayo kufanele ugxile amakhasimende, ngoba a kwencika ethile kuwo. Le nkampani esungulwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende, ngakho badinga usabela ezidingweni abasafufusa. umumo yiKhasimende ukwandisa share yayo emakethe kanye inzuzo by ekuheheni amakhasimende amasha.
• Inhloko Ubuholi liqukethe yokuthi nguye obeka izimpokophelo ukusebenza kwamabhizinisi kanye kwenza umoya othile lapho abasebenzi emsebenzini. Umholi kufanele ngokoqobo ithimba labo ekuzuzweni kwemiPhumela Imiphumela okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngakho, umsebenzi wawo onkhe ematiko ku- kuyoba anokuhambisana, esihlelwe futhi iqondiswa.
• Noma yimuphi umholi kumele anikeze abanye imithwalo yemfanelo, kanye ukubandakanya abasebenzi enqubeni zokuphatha. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba embule amakhono abo kufihlwe, kanye ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele zonke human resources etholakalayo. Lokhu kukunika ugqozi abasebenzi futhi ivumela ukuba uzizwa unesibopho ukusebenza kwenhlangano.
• Indlelanchubo lechubekako lelandzelwa isimiso kusho ukuthi imisebenzi ibhizinisi kumele beqonda futhi iphathwe njengendlela inqubo. Kule ndaba kufanele ngokucacile esinelebuli ukuqala kanye Imiphumela, kanye izikhundla Lesisemkhatsini. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka elifanele izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kamuva kuholela ekuncipheni emjikelezweni.
• Izinhlelo yokusondela ukuphathwa kwenhlangano. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ngcono ubuhlobo phakathi kweminyango ngabanye kanye nezinqubo. Ngenxa yalokho, inhloko livela ukugxila izinqubo ukhiye, hhayi sishaye ukunakekela imisebenzi yesibili. Ngenxa yalokho, umsebenzi inhlangano kuba esitebeleni.
• ngcono okuqhubekayo - lena umgomo oyinhloko noma iyiphi ibhizinisi efuna impumelelo. Lokhu kuvumela kunezinzuzo ezithile uma siqhathanisa nabanye izinhlangano asebenzayo emakethe.
• Zonke izinqumo eziphathelene ukuphathwa kwamabhizinisi okufanele zithathwe ngesisekelo Ukubhekisisa amaqiniso athile ukuthi kukhona umgomo ngokwemvelo. Ngakho, noma isiphi isenzo kuyoba lokubalulekile kuthethelelwe.
• Ubudlelwano nabaphakeli kufanele esekelwe imigomo ezosiza. Lapho inkampani beqiniseka ukuthengwa izinto zokusetshenziswa noma imikhiqizo Semi-siphelile, kungaba ukunciphisa isikhathi impahla izindleko ngaphansi kokulawula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubudlelwano ezinjalo kuyigugu ekubukeni ukuzinza.

Ngakho, singasho ukuthi izimiso zokuphatha izinga sifanekise ukusebenza kwenhlangano i ekahle. Umphathi kungaba eyisebenzisa ngokugcwele noma kancane.

ISO 9000

Ikhwalithi imikhiqizo namasevisi ulawulwa ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele. Ngakho, izimfuneko lesi simiso zichazwe namazinga omhlaba ISO 9000. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhambisana nale dokhumenti akuyona inkinga njalo isiqinisekiso izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngoba nakho kuncike ezicini eziningana. Noma kunjalo, inikeza nomkhiqizi ngezinga elithile nokwethenjelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyafaneleka ukuthi izimiso eziyisisekelo esasimenyezelwa le dokhumenti, kungase kushintshwe, kuncike izici senhlangano ye ibhizinisi.

9001 Quality Management System - kuyinto inguqulo ethuthukisiwe, injongo okuyinto ekulinganiseni Quality Management System. Saqale ulungise isimo sengqondo abathengi kanye nabaphakeli. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuba isimo esiphansi kudingekile, okuvumela inkampani isebenze kahle emakethe. Uhlelo ivumela abaphathi bonyana bahlele indlela kubaphathi.

Ukuqinisekisa izinhlelo of ukuphathwa izinga ichaza imigomo eyisisekelo, okuyinto kufanele aqondiswe ibhizinisi. Kuyinto isisekelo kudingekile elikuvumela ukulawula izici umkhiqizo zonke izigaba ukukhiqizwa.

Kungani izitifiketi

Ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa izinhlelo izinga uqhutshwa ukucacisa la maphuzu alandelayo:

• nesikhathi imikhiqizo namasevisi nezidingo izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe;
• sokunquma nasekuphumeleleni kweluhlelo ukuphathwa izinga esetshenziswa ibhizinisi;
• ukusungulwa kwamazinga kanye nezinkambiso, okumele luhambisane izinga imikhiqizo;
• umculu ukuphathwa;
• umniningwane indlela yokuphathwa kwamazinga izinqubo.

Ithola isitifiketi olufanele landulelwa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Wokufaka kanye nokubuyekeza kwangaphambilini;
• ukulungiselela nokuziphatha ukuphathwa quality audit ku ibhizinisi;
• ekupheleni.

Injani ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo

Izindlela ekuhloleni izinga imikhiqizo kungenziwa labizwa ngokuthi elandelayo:

• Ngendlela kolwazi:
  • Ukulinganisa - kuhilela ukusetshenziswa ekhethekile ngokunemba amathuluzi;
  • ukubhalisa - usebenzisa idatha ethathwe kusukela ukubala mechanical noma othomathikhi;
  • organoleptic - ngesisekelo ulwazi etholwe Bebona izinzwa;
  • ibalwa - esekelwe ukusetshenziswa amafomula ezikhethekile.
• Ngokusho imithombo yokwaziswa:
  • imibiko idatha yokusebenza - beNdabuko;
  • Isazi - bakhangwa iqembu ongoti endaweni umkhakha othile;
  • Sociology - idatha eqoqwe ngokusebenzisa survey.

Izindlela ezivame kakhulu ukuhlolwa izinga kokulandelayo:

• Umehluko - kulinganiselwa izinkomba ngabanye, ngasinye sazo kuqhathaniswa namazinga;
• izinga - index esiyinhlanganisela, okuyinto uyakucabangela zonke izici ngesikhathi esisodwa;
• indlela okuxubile kuhilela ukuhlolwa jikelele ehlukile ukukhululwa izici.

ukulawula inani

Ubude ukuphathwa izinga - umqondo ehlanganisa impumelelo zakamuva emkhakheni ukwanda zomsebenzi ukukhiqiza, kanye nezimiso ukuhambisana namazinga omhlaba. Ngokokuqala ngqá leli gama laqanjwa amaJapane emuva ngawo-1960. Indlela kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa njalo izimiso eziyisisekelo eziyisishiyagalombili.

izidingo eziyisisekelo

Ngesikhathi amabhizinisi ukubeka phambili izidingo ezilandelayo ukuphathwa izinga:

• belinganisa uhlu izinqubo zomthetho nabo kuzo zonke izigaba umsebenzi ukukhiqiza;
• Zonke izinqubo ukulawula izinga kumelwe kwenziwe ukulandelana ezithile bese uxhumana ngokucacile;
• criteria kanye zezindlela zokuhlola kumele kuhambisane impumelelo yesimanje ngesayensi nobuchwepheshe;
• umphathi kumelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufinyelela ulwazi olufanele for okuqhubekayo inqubo ukuqapha;
• umsebenzi njalo kohlaziyo ukuhlonza ngeziphambeko kanye izinyathelo ngesikhathi esifanele;
• ukulawula kokuhambisana the impumelelo kumele kuhlelwe.

Injongo, izinjongo kanye amaqhinga ka ukuphathwa izinga

Inhloso ukuphathwa izinga kugcilwa eside izidingo abathengi nezithakazelo abanikazi nabasebenzi amabhizinisi kanye nomphakathi wonkana. imiphumela kufanele inikwe ngokuvumelana esiqinile namazinga omhlaba.

Ngokuhambisana Injongo kuniketa eziyisisekelo inkinga ukuphathwa izinga, okungase kanje:

• ngcono okuqhubekayo kwezindlela lomkhiqizo ne ukuncipha okufanayo izindleko zalo (okumele asetshenziswe isimiso ukulungiswa izimbangela ngeziphambeko, kunokuba ayisuse imiphumela engakhi imiphumela abampofu);
• isitifiketi esiyisibopho uhlelo lokuphatha izinga ukuze ukuzethemba umthengi ekwethembekeni umenzi.

Tactical izinga ukuphathwa amalungiselelo ufunde kanje:

• ukuhlonza unomphela izimbangela ukukhubazeka kungenzeka sinombono ukuqedwa kwabo futhi ukuvimbela umshado;
• ukuhlinzeka abasebenzi nesithakazelo kuwo wonke amazinga ukuthuthkisa amazinga izinga;
• kusungulwa i orientation isu ezifanele;
• ngcono okuqhubekayo kwezindlela lomkhiqizo ngokusebenzisa ukwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha;
• nokuqapha njalo okutholakele zakamuva yesayensi sinombono isicelo sabo ekukhiqizeni ukuphathwa izinqubo;
• izimali ezimele, ngaphezu amasheke ka elengamele imizimba;
• okuqhubekayo intuthuko professional kanye nekwentiwa ncono ulwazi emkhakheni ukuphathwa okuyikhwalithi ingxenye ikhanda, futhi bonke abasebenzi ngaphandle kokukhetha.

Izingxenye ezisemqoka yokuphatha izinga

Uhlelo ukuphathwa izinga ISO lisikisela khona yezingxenye ezinkulu ezilandelayo:

• Ukulawula ikhwalithi kuyinto umsebenzi ukuhlonza isimo ofanayo langempela umkhiqizo nalokho okuchazwe imibhalo normative (kungenziwa ngu yokulinganisa umsebenzi, ukuhlolwa laboratory, uphawula emvelweni ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi);
• ikhwalithi - kuyinto umsebenzi njalo esibandakanya ukuhambisana nezimfuneko ezingokomthetho olufanele (lokhu kusebenza futhi inqubo ukukhiqizwa, kanye nabasebenzi zokuphatha, nokuhweba of izinto zokusetshenziswa, futhi emva-sales service njalo njalo);
• ukuhlela izinga - iqoqo izinyathelo ukucacisa izici into esizayo futhi silungiselela uhlelo eside ukuhlangabezana imingcele efanele (lapha ihlanganisa ukuhlonza kanye kwempahla izidingo inqubo ukukhiqizwa);
• eseqophelweni - Ukuqaphela amathuba ukufeza izimfuneko okwandisa into ukukhiqizwa (njengoba angaya mayelana nenqubo, inhlangano, njll).

izindawo ezidumile ukuphathwa izinga

Okwamanje, ukuphathwa izinga wathola nohlaka olubanzi theory ne practical ehlanganisa izakhi eyala eziningi. Kule minyaka edlule, bakwazile ukwakha lwetinhlelo, ethandwa kakhulu zazo yilezi ezilandelayo:

• ISO - omunye izinhlelo ezivamile emhlabeni. postulate wayo lomkhulu ua inkampani futhi bonke abasebenzi ukuba ngcono ikhwalithi, okuyinto kubonakala eragela ngayinye subsystems.
• Ubude ukuphathwa izinga - kuba ifilosofi yokuthi kufikile umkhuba izwe e-Japan. Ingqikithi yalo iwukuba ukuthuthukisa konke kungenzeka. Kulokhu, akukho linezimiso ezicacile futhi postulates, okumele kwenziwe imisebenzi.
• Quality Award - uhlobo umklomelo, okuyinto ihlonipha izinhlangano eziye zaphetha Impumelelo enkulu emkhakheni lokulawula izinga. imikhiqizo yabo kufanele ngikwenze ngokugcwele zonke izidingo zomthetho. Kulokhu nayizihloko ukunakekela inhlangano kokulawula kwangaphakathi.
• "Six Sigma" - inqubo ukuthi ihlose ukwenza ngcono zonke izinqubo ibhizinisi. It ihlose ngesikhathi esifanele ihlonze noma yibuphi amazinga nokushintshashintsha, ukucacisa nezimbangela zabo futhi ukuletha uhlelo esimweni saso esivamile. Lena iqoqo othize amathuluzi elikuvumela ukuba nokwandisa inqubo ukukhiqizwa.
• ukukhiqizwa Lean - okuwumkhuba kusho zokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi kanyekanye ukwandisa ikhwalithi yemikhicito. Ingqikithi uhlelo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi zonke izinsiza kanye nengcebo kumele sisetshenziswe kuphela ngenjongo kukhiqizwe umkhiqizo kumthengi ekupheleni ngokugcwele. Uma ukwanda ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo akusho ngcono ikhwalithi umkhiqizo osuphelile, kufanele zithuthukiswe.
• Kaizen - ifilosofi Japanese ukuthi kusho ukuzibophezela okuqhubekayo ukuthuthukisa futhi ashukumise funa. Lokhu indlela ehlelekile, othi ukuthi njalo kudingeka wenze izinyathelo okungenani encane endleleni sithuthuke, ngisho noma azikho amathuba ushintsho global. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kube lenguquko ezincane kuzoholela izinguquko global (ubuningi liphenduka izinga).
• Izenzo ezinhle kakhulu - umqondo elihlanganisa cwaningo kanye nokusebenzisa impumelelo lesichubekako kakhulu yezinhlangano ezisebenza endaweni umkhakha othize.

okutholakele

Quality Management - ingenye imisebenzi esemqoka kwanoma iyiphi ibhizinisi, okuyinto igxile okuthile ukwanelisa isicelo zomthengi kanye nomnikezi kucinisekisa tinzuzo esiphezulu. izinhlangano International ziye zasungula izimiso ezifanele okufanele ziqondise inkampani ekufezeni imisebenzi yayo. Abakhiqizi ziyadingeka ngokuyinhloko ukugxila izithakazelo abathengi. INhloko ibhizinisi ufanelekile ukuba umholi, ogxile isinyathelo amandla, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, bonke abasebenzi kumele abahilelekile ukukhiqizwa. Inhlangano kumele waqonda njengoba uhlelo lephelele. Zonke ukukhiqizwa - inqubo olulodwa. Ukuthatha izinqumo zokuphatha kumele kusekelwe idatha langempela. Ngokuphathelene nobuhlobo nabaphakeli, kufanele esekelwe imigomo ezosiza.

Quality ukuphathwa kwamabhizinisi ukubeka phambili eziningi izidingo. Into yokuqala ukucacisa uhlu izinqubo ukuthi angaphansi nokuqapha okuqhubekayo. Kufanele kube ukulandelana ecacile ukuqapha imisebenzi, kanye nezindleko ukusungula isixhumanisi ocacile phakathi kwabo. Ukulawula inqubo ukukhiqizwa ngekhwalithi, kubalulekile ukugxila impumelelo yesayensi yanamuhla, futhi ulwazi kusukela ekhanda kufanele njalo kube kusesimweni. I Service Control kufanele abone ngeziphambeko, ukhatshana lelitshe kuhlelwe futhi wenze ukulungisa okufika ngesikhathi.

I okwandile kakhulu emhlabeni etholwe uhlelo izinga ISO 9000, okuyinto inikeza iseluleko esicacile nomhlahlandlela inhlangano futhi ukulawula ukukhiqizwa inqubo. Uma sikhuluma Japanese ukuphathwa izinga Imininingwane, kuphela inquma isiqondiso jikelele futhi uncoma ngcono jikelele kuzo zonke izindawo. Quality Award - umkhuba ethandwa ohilela evuza indoda abakhiqizi best embonini, uma imikhiqizo yabo ukuhlangabezana zonke izidingo zomthetho. uhlelo ezinjalo, njengoba "sigma eziyisithupha", limelela orientation nokuqapha njalo isimo ukuze sithole ngeziphambeko nokulungisa kwabo ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngiphephile okwandile wathola Lean. Ngaphakathi accordance nga lo mqondo, zonke izinsiza ezikhona kumele wazikhandla ngokugcwele lapho kuvezwa umkhiqizo wokugcina ukulahlekelwa omncane. Ngempela ezithakazelisayo kubhekwa ifilosofi Japanese of Kaizen. Siqukethe e yokuthi inhlangano kufanele wenze njalo izinyathelo okungenani encane maqondana ngcono, sithembele umphumela elihlangene esizayo. Uma sikhuluma imikhuba engcono, umholi kufanele utadishe nifunde izinhlangano yimpumelelo kakhulu ukusebenza embonini.