Izimiso Wanamuhla evulekile izakhiwo amakhompyutha nezindlela kokusebenza kwabo

Phakathi nawo-70s kwekhulu elidlule waqala "miniaturization" lwamakhompyutha - ezakhiwa futhi basakaza PC. Basuke esikhundleni amakhompyutha besiyoba sikhulu futhi okubaluleke - zitholakala ukusetshenziswa ekhaya. Injini eyinhloko ngale nqubo US ngokuqinile IBM, okwakuyinto kuphela umholi somhlaba emakethe computer, kodwa futhi umqalisi ngentuthuko yakamuva kule nsimu.

Ukuze silondoloze ukuma ayo aqavile emakethe, inkampani uhlaziyo izinyathelo eziningana, kodwa kancane kancane kwaba ngempela kucace ukuthi amasu marketing eyodwa kuphela azanele, kudingeka isixazululo ngokuyinhloko entsha yezobuchwepheshe. Lokho lesi sinqumo futhi ubelokhu ukuthuthukiswa Computing amadivayisi nokuqalisa izimiso bokwakha evulekile. Ngezinye IBM, umnyango ekhethekile yadalwa, eyayizoba ahlaziye yonke intuthuko kule ndawo, ukuhlola kwabo futhi anikele imodeli ezifana idivayisi, okufanele ukuba kwakumangalisa komculo yonke imibono ezithuthukayo. Ngokuyisisekelo, lokhu kwakusho ukuthi isimiso evulekile PC izakhiwo sabekwa njengomhumushi umqondo at the stage of kwenta tinhlaka ikusasa computer.

ososayensi IBM futhi onjiniyela Izisebenzi zomnyango kwezimiso kwezobuchwepheshe inkululeko, okusikisela ukuthi zisetshenziselwa ukuxazulula inkinga ezinhle kunazo izingxenye kusukela kubathengisi ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, processor wakhethwa kusukela Intel - okungcono ngaleso sikhathi-Intel 8088, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola umsebenzi nge "okuhlekisayo" kuze kube manje, umthamo isitoreji 1 megabyte. Isofthiwe bekumele uthole e kancane kancane-eyaziwa-Microsoft.

Ehlobo lika-1981 Ngazalwa le Symbiosis - computer wadala kusukela izingxenye izinkampani ezahlukene, futhi okuyinto ngokuyisisekelo emelela izimiso ukwakhiwa yayo le izakhiwo evulelekile. Babé okuyisidingo kuwo wonke ngezinye izindlela zokuthuthukiswa computer. Lesi sikhundla kwaqinisekiswa ngisho amagama: lalibukeka ngaleso sikhathi igama elithi 'iyahambisana IBM PC »kusho ukuthi le divayisi, ngisho noma eqoqwe kwelinye eqinile, idivayisi elihambisana ezindinganisweni IBM futhi kubonisa isimiso evulekile PC izakhiwo.

Igama elithi "evulekile" kohlaka lokhu ifilosofi nobuchwepheshe kusho ukuthi ikhompyutha ekuqaleni ifakwe kungenzeka sokuvuselela ngisho ukuguqulwa efana umklami yezingane, lapho zonke izingxenye kukhona nezilandiso nokukodwa ingaqoqa ezihlukahlukene Amadivayisi ukuguqulwa. Kwakubalulekile ukuba izinguquko is akubone sohlobo oluthile futhi imfihlo yokuhweba, kodwa kunalokho, ezazijwayelekile abasebenzisi kanye ukuthuthukiswa ehlukile (esikhundleni Kwezinye izingxenye ngakolunye), ukuze ugqugquzele izinkampani ezikhiqiza izingxenye izicelo computer.

Lapha esifanisweni esisenze nge umklami zezingane, ngokuvamile, futhi kwaba isisekelo okwakhelwe kuso ukwakha nokuthuthukisa izimiso bokwakha evulekile. Okudidayo ukuthi, ukutholakala kanye kwethulwa ukusetshenziswa kabanzi lezi zimiso odlale emlandweni IBM akuyona indima enhle kakhulu. Inkampani ngokwayo elahlekile, kodwa kunalokho ngisho wathola kuphela, akukho ukukhetha imigomo ukukhuthazwa kwemakethe eyasungulwa yakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani eziningi, esebenzisa izimiso bokwakha evulekile, abe neragelo phambili kakhulu ku ukuthuthukiswa nokuhlonishwa kwemibhalo yalezi ibhizinisi ikhompyutha, kwanele ukunikeza isibonelo Microsoft.

"Ukuvuleleka" computer zanamuhla wukuthi ngokuphelele zonke ubuchwepheshe yayo kanye izingxenye nokuxhumana sebhithi nomunye futhi izwe ngaphandle atholakale kuwo wonke umuntu ngisho kancane ujwayelene inqubo umuntu. Futhi lokhu, esikhundleni salokho, kakhulu kwandisa isibalo abasebenzisi ezingaba khona. Ngakho, igama elithi "ovulekile" okuqukethwe kuphela zobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi nomphakathi.