Imfihlo yezohwebo - okuyisisekelo kanye nezindlela zokuvikela

Ubuqhawe bezezimboni bekulokhu kuyindlela yokuncintisana. Ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi emthethweni wezamabhizinisi wakhiqiza isikhungo sonke somthetho - "Imfihlo yezohwebo." Ukuthola ukuvikeleka okukhethekile, le ngxenye encane yomthetho isebenza ngemigomo ekhethekile, izindlela zokusebenzisa kanye namathuluzi okuvikela imfihlo.

Umkhuba wokuhweba uhlale uhlanganiswa ekwamukeleni nokwabiwa kabusha kolwazi, okuhlanganisa izimfihlo zezebhizinisi. Leli lungiselelo ngenxa yokuthi ukuncintisana kuqukethe ulwazi olusheshayo oluphumelelayo nolwazi oludingekayo mayelana nenqubo yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo noma ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo, kanye nokufinyelela kumthengi okungenzeka. Ungasho ngokuphepha ukuthi lokhu njalo ulwazi. Kodwa-ke, yiziphi izigaba ezifakiwe emfihlo yokuhweba?

Okokuqala yizimfihlo zokukhiqiza, noma (ngendlela yaseNtshonalanga) wazi kanjani. Ngokufanayo, eminye imisebenzi yesayense (isibonelo, emfundweni kaProfesa Pelikh AS) abizwa ngokuthi ulwazi lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nesayensi nolwazi lobuchwepheshe.

Owesibili ulwazi lwebhizinisi. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa izinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi, ukwabiwa kabusha kwezimali, imiphumela yokucwaninga kwamaketha, ukwakha idumela lebhizinisi kanye nezindlela zokuthuthukisa izimpahla noma amasevisi emakethe yasekhaya noma angaphandle.

Le ndlela ijwayele ukuma kwezomnotho. Kodwa ama-jurists anciphisa uhlu lwezinto ezingakwazi ukuthola izimfihlo zezohwebo. Leli lungiselelo lisho ukufakwa kokuvinjelwa ekuhlukaniseni ulwazi olulandelayo:

1. Amadokhumenti aqinisekisa ukusebenza kwebhizinisi (imibhalo esemthethweni, amalayisensi, ukugunyazwa, uhlu lwabantu abanelungelo lokumela izithakazelo zebhizinisi ngaphandle kokunikeza amandla ommeli, njll).

2. Ulwazi olubonisa umsebenzi emsebenzini, kanye nezinga lokukhokha emsebenzini.

3. Amadokhumenti ngomthelela wokukhiqizwa kwezimpahla kanye / noma amasevisi emvelo.

4. Imibhalo eqondisa imisebenzi yamabhizinisi kahulumeni noma omasipala.

5. Ulwazi mayelana namaqiniso abonakalisiwe futhi aqinisekisiwe okwephula umthetho.

Lezi zinhlinzeko zilawulwa yiSigaba 5 soMthetho we-Federal "On Secrets Commercial".

Ngokusekelwe kuzo zonke ezingenhla, kungaphetha ngokuthi

Imfihlo yokuhweba ilungelo lomuntu ukwenqaba ukufinyelela ebhizinisini nolwazi lwesayensi nolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe kumabhizinisi wesithathu, ngaphandle kwamacala alawulwa ngokomthetho .

Futhi, ngokufanele, uma kunelungelo lokunqaba, khona-ke kufanele kube nelungelo lokuvikelwa ekuphukeni okungekho emthethweni kolwazi olufihlekile.

Ukuvikelwa kwezimfihlo zezohwebo

Ekhuluma ngezindlela zokuvikelwa kwayo ekungeneni okungekho emthethweni, abameli bavame ukuhlukanisa izindlela ezimbili: ukubandlulula kanye nokwahlulela.

Indlela yokuqala yokuvikela empeleni inhlanganisela yamasu, ukusetshenziswa okunciphisa ingozi yokuthola ulwazi oluyimfihlo yokuhweba.

Indlela yesibili ihlose ukuqeda imiphumela yokudalulwa kwebhizinisi elivaliwe nolwazi lwesayensi nolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe. Ukuvikelwa kwezimfihlo zezohwebo kuleli cala kwenziwa ngokufaka isicelo enkantolo yokubambisana. Kule ndaba, umuntu olimazwe izenzo ezinonya angase afune isinxephezelo sokulimala komzimba, abuyisele isimo esivele sikhona noma avimbele ukusabalalisa kolwazi, ngokucacile noma ngokucacile.

Ukufingqa, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ukufihla ezentengiselwano kuyisakhiwo esikhethekile, ukucatshangelwa nokuqiniswa kwalokhu okushiwo ukuhlanganiswa kwezayensi ezimbili - ezomnotho nezomthetho. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kokuvikelwa ngokomthetho kwebhizinisi nolwazi lwezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe kuthatha indima ebalulekile emzabalazweni kumthengi.