Izikhathi sidilizwa Rus, amasayithi kwamasiko, incazelo uhlu

Izikhathi ERussia yasendulo, lapho izikhumbuzo kwamasiko kuncike ku lokhu kubuyekezwa - ziyinkathi ebaluleke kunazo zonke emlandweni waleli zwe, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi wabeka izisekelo wekuba sive,, isimo sezombusazwe zomphakathi ezomnotho nezenhlalo, okuyinto sabonakala ebhaliwe, imithombo ngemivubukulo kanye yezakhiwo.

izici Jikelele kwenkathi

Kubaluleka ukuphathwa isimo savela ezinsukwini Russia lasendulo. Ezikhumbuzo we okuqinisekile zesiko ezithakazelisa ngokuthi kubonakala izisekelo ngemibono abasha umphakathi isiRashiya, usanda iguqulwe ukuze Lobu-Orthodox. A indima enkulu yokudalwa kudlalwa isinyathelo izikhulu, ngokuvamile kuye kwaba neqhaza ekwakhiweni itshe, ngokubhala zemihla ngemihla, ukwakhiwa civil kanye ukuzivikela-njongo. Ngemva kwalokho, isinyathelo lidlule kanye labantu, ngokuyinhloko izakhamizi ezisemadolobheni, abavamise at amasonto abo izindleko siqu esakhiwe, amathempeli. Lokubaluleke kakhulu kule nqubo iye eyadlalwa ngesiGreki ithonya kwamasiko. amakhosi WaseByzantium babé abakhi esikhumbuzo eziningi, kodwa wabuye waqeqesha eziningi Russian, okuyinto zamukele imithetho yabo kanye namasiko, ngokushesha waqala ukudala izakhiwo zazo ezihlukile.

uhlobo amathempeli

Ngezikhathi Zasendulo Rus izikhumbuzo kwamasiko okuyinto ngokuyinhloko emelelwa ukwakhiwa isonto, ngokwesiko wamukela usuku isikhathi-Mongolian kusuka 9 ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-13, kodwa okuningi osebenzayo ngobubanzi umqondo enikeziwe emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva. izakhiwo Russian wamukela isiko WaseByzantium, ngakho izakhiwo zesonto Russian, isimiso, okuphindaphindiwe izici zabo. Nokho, ezweni lakithi ikakhulukazi ukusatshalaliswa lithole ukwakhiwa amasonto ezimhlophe netshe Dome elingunxande futhi ephuma kabili isiyingi salandelwa shlemoobrazny. Masters ngokuvamile idala yamatshe kanye nemidwebo. amathempeli chetyrehstolpnyh Ikakhulukazi, akuvamile wahlangana amakholomu neyisishiyagalombili kwakuvamile. Ngokuvamile, ababenakho naves ezintathu.

Ibandla Early

Izikhathi ERussia yasendulo, amatshe ezikhumbuzo kulo okungabangwa amasiko atehlukaniseki nobhapathizo kanye ukwamukelwa of ubuKristu Bobu-Orthodox, baba sokuthuthwa kwempahla kwakhiwa ithempeli itshe. Uhlu lezi zakhiwo kufanele kwenziwe eyisisekelo kunazo, ukwakhiwa egcwele-mlando yangempela emlandweni, futhi kwaba ukuqala ukwakhiwa olwengeziwe. Lamathempeli lokuqala ngobukhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu baba iSonto kweNyuka Blessed Virgin Mary, nakho abakuthola eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Tithe njengoba Prince labelwe ngqo omunye kwabayishumi imali yazo. Yakhiwa ngaphansi uVladimir Svyatoslavich saint labo ababebhapathizwa ezweni Russian.

Izici

Abavubukuli bakuthola kunzima ukubuyisela ukubukeka yayo yasekuqaleni, nokho walondoloza enye idatha, ezifana isitembu ngesiGreki phezu kwezitini, zemabula umhlobiso, phansi KaMose, ethi ukwakhiwa kwenziwa amakhosi ngesiGreki. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakunemibhalo eqoshiwe ezigcinwe Cyrillic kanye tile Ceramic uvumele ukukhuluma mayelana iqhaza ekwakhiweni lwamaSlav. Ibandla elakhiwa phezu kwalo njengoba isakhiwo cross-oluyingungu phezu zeBhayibheli ziyihlela WaseByzantium.

Amathempeli ka ngekhulu le-11

Izikhathi ERussia yasendulo, lapho izikhumbuzo kwamasiko ukufakazela ekusakazekeni ngokushesha futhi ukwamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni ezweni lethu, babe inkathi yokwakha asebenzayo wamabandla, ezahlukene ngobukhulu, ukwakheka kanye nesakhiwo. Eyesibili ethempelini ebaluleke kakhulu kulolu hlu - kungcono St Sophia Cathedral Kiev. Yakhiwa phakathi nokubusa Yaroslava Mudrogo, futhi kwakufanele kube esikhulu benkolo bangaleso amandla amasha. Sici Its olukhethekile khona amakhulu abahlabeleli bezingoma. Anakho nantathu domes ne amawindi. Maphakathi main ngezansi - ezincane ezine, bese kukhona omunye domes ezincane eziyisishiyagalombili. Leli thempeli has kwemibhoshongo wokugibela amabili, izinhlu ezimbili-uqimba nasezakhini uqimba igalari. Ngaphakathi kukhona yamatshe kanye nemidwebo.

Cross-oluyingungu amasonto lasendulo Rus yathi chithi saka ezweni lethu. Esinye isakhiwo thi okwakubaluleke ngokufanayo Church of kweNyuka Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Wawunodonga naves ezintathu, elingaphakathi ivulekile futhi Dome. Yena yasha ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili futhi kamuva kabusha emasikweni Baroque Ukraine.

izakhiwo Novgorod

Monuments isiko Russian kuhluka nesitayela kanye nesakhiwo. amathempeli Novgorod futhi namasonto izici zawo siqu esiyingqayizivele ezikuvumela ukugqamisa lokhu njengoba isiko ekhethekile emlandweni izakhiwo yasekhaya. Endaweni ehlukile, ohlwini nezakhiwo zasendulo kufanele zabelwe UZandile Cathedral, sekuyisikhathi eside awasalayo isikhungo zenkolo eyinhloko yezwe. Anakho domes ezinhlanu, wokugibela umbhoshongo. Domes baye ezimise nezigqoko. Izindonga zakhelwe limestone, ingaphakathi iyafana esontweni Kiev, nemengamo kudluliselwa, kodwa kwezinye izingxenye eziye zabhekana a yokuncishiswa kancane Kwakuyokwenzekani isici sobuntu izakhiwo zaleli dolobha.

Iseluleki amasampula ekuqaleni walingisa Kiev, kodwa kamuva izakhiwo Novgorod wathola ezakheke yokuqala ngenxa izici eliyingqayizivele futhi kalula. amathempeli abo incane ngobukhulu, esiyisigqigqi futhi kalula design. Omunye amasonto edume kakhulu lesi sitayela - kungcono isimo Isonto Nereditsa. It silula, kodwa has a ukubukeka ngokubabazekayo kakhulu. It has usayizi encane, alinaso umhlobiso zangaphandle, emgqeni silula. Lezi zici sici Novgorod amathempeli, ukubonakala lapho ngisho isici esithile disproportion okubenza esiyingqayizivele.

Buildings kweminye imizi

Izikhumbuzo e Nizhny Novgorod nazo ohlwini izakhiwo edume kunazo lasendulo. Omunye amasonto anikezelwe ongcwele umprofethi u-Eliya. Yakhiwa ngekhulu le-16 ikhumbule edolobheni balahle ayehlasela AmaTatar futhi Nogai. Ekuqaleni kwaba sokhuni, kodwa kamuva, phakathi nekhulu le-17, lakhiwa kabutjha itshe. Esikhathini 19 isonto leminyaka elilodwa Dome lavuselelwa ku emihlanu oluyingungu, okwakunginika igama layo kuya ngomgwaqo edolobheni.

Izikhumbuzo e Nizhny Novgorod hlala endaweni egqamile emlandweni izakhiwo yasekhaya. Omunye edume kunazo - kuba UMikayeli Ingelosi Eyinhloko Cathedral, eyakhiwa ngekhulu le-13. Kwakuyisikhathi isonto elimhlophe-zamatshe izinsika 4 no-3 apses.

Ngakho, emzini bakwamanye amazwe fiefdoms futhi ziye zaba izikhungo asebenzayo yokwakhiwa yezakhiwo. amasiko abo zihlukaniswa izici sazo sokuqala futhi eyingqayizivele. Church of St Nicholas Nadeina Yaroslavl - esontweni esiyingqayizivele kwekhulu le-17. It lamiswao phezu loMfula iVolga futhi kwaba abathile ebandleni, kuqala kwetshe Emaphethelweni edolobha.

Iqalwa yomthengisi Nadia Sveteshnikov, ngemva kwalokho abahwebi abaningi nabakhandi futhi waqala ukwakha isonto. Ngesisekelo isonto wavuswa ephakeme, phezulu babe domes emihlanu ku usinamathelise izintamo sigubhu. Church of St Nicholas Nadeina has a iconostasis esiyingqayizivele. It is eyenziwe isitayela Baroque futhi salandelwa ekhulwini le-18 phezu lasendulo.

Inani

Ngakho, izakhiwo zasendulo uhlukile izici zayo, isitayela ingaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ithatha indawo evelele hhayi kuphela esikweni lesizwe, kodwa futhi emhlabeni art bebonke. Ngakho-ke, ngaleso sikhathi samanje kuba ukulondolozwa kubaluleke ngokukhethekile mlando. Abaningi babo baye basinda kulokho, abanye abangu abhidlizwa ngesikhathi sempi, kangangokuba abavubukuli yesimanje kanye restorers unamathisele ukubaluleka okukhulu kabusha yabo kanye nokuvuselela.