Izikhali ezincane: AK-12. Izici AK-12

Asiqale ingxoxo yethu mayelana AK-12 ne amatemu. Abafundi abaningi ekuqaleni ukuthole isikhubekiso. Basuke udidekile, bengazi ukuthi hlobo luni izikhali: machine gun noma nokuhlanganisa isibhamu. Thina khawuleza ukukwazisa ukuthi iqiniso kule, njengoba ezimweni eziningi, silula: kungcono into efanayo. izwi Russian "umshini" (waqala e ukusetshenziswa armourer Frolov) ngesiNgisi ekuqaleni kwakulingana nokuhlanganisa isibhamu, lokho kumane nje kusho "nokuhlanganisa isibhamu."

New AK-12 yakhelwe ngesikhathi Izhevsk Machine-Isakhiwo Plant ngaphansi kokuqondisa unjiniyela omkhulu leqembu - Tula gunsmith Zlobin uVladimir Viktorovich.

Lokhu isikhali V isizukulwane kudlala okusekelwe ubuchwepheshe banamuhla ezishintshayo classical, ezihilela indlela eside igesi piston futhi ligijima umshudo. Kuba nezinguquko eziphawulekayo kwesakhiwo Kwenziwa umamukeli.

Isiqondiso eyinhloko Ukwenza kangcono ukwanda ukunemba umlilo, Ergonomics ngcono, ezintsha design Modular, eziphambili 'soft' umusi ezishintshayo, ikhono lokusebenzisa ezihlukahlukene amabhomu iziqhumane. The main gauge kwezikhali (inikezwe ngamamilimitha) - 5.45 39 (kanye AK-74). Nokho, njengoba zizokwenziwa nezinye calibers: 5.56 kuya 45; 7,62 kuya ku-39; 7,62 kuya 51. ukukhiqizwa Kulindeleke 7,62 51 (NATO ejwayelekile) kanye 6.5 Grendel.

aphoyintimenti

Indlela ichaze nokuhlanganisa isibhamu amasha nge ukusebenza? Kusukela ngo-November ka ngonyaka odlule, njengoba wazi, phezu firings ukuhlolwa kwenziwa izhmashevskoy base test, ukuqinisekisile izici wamemezela umshini. Entwasahlobo ka-2014 uqedwe razrabotcheskie futhi ukuhlolwa yayo umsebenzi TSNIITOCHMASH, ne-AK-12 ku-service. Amasosha uzothola kuyo ukusebenza, okuyinto eqala 5,45 futhi 7,62 mm. Futhi, lesi isikhali entsha uzobe ngenkuthalo ukuthunyelwa. Phawula ukuthi enye imibono indalo yayo kwaba nokwanda share Russian we ngezikhali emhlabeni emakethe ngenxa umncintiswano ngempumelelo kanye amasampula angaphandle imishini.

Umthombo lolu lwazi isitatimende by Oleg Bochkarev, iPhini likaSihlalo weqembu eyinkimbinkimbi lempi kwezezimboni Uhulumeni Russian ku 16.09.2013, ngesikhathi enengxoxo isiteshi somsakazo "Echo of eMoscow '.

Olunye ulwazi leaked kusukela iphephandaba "Vzglyad", kubonisa ukuthi uMongameli Russia ivume uhlelo Ukuvuselela imishini elandelayo Defense Ministry: Russian Technologies corporation umklomelo umshini omusha eyodwa ezintathu endala eMnyango Wezokuvikela ngezikhali emafektri.

Entsha nokuhlanganisa isibhamu, eklanyelwe esikhundleni ukuma phezu izikhali-AK-74. Namuhla, njengoba sazi, lokhu imodeli wenza elihamba eziyisisekelo isikhali. It empeleni Ushintshe, kuqala kusengaphambili (in the "okuphazamisayo" ukuthuthukiswa umncintiswano "Abakan"), bese - ngokusuka sawo 2013-2014. (Ngezinye ushona "Abakan ukufohla" okubhekiswe konstuirovaem entsha "Kalashnikov"). Ukuhlola kwabonisa ama-AK-12: izingalo emakethe kwafika isikhali entsha esesabekayo, ngezindlela eziningi izici lokushaya izibhamu kubiza kwamanye amazwe.

Umsebenzi omkhulu

Ngenxa yalokho, umsebenzi wokudala ngesikhathi sithola ukuthi ukwedlulela kuleso V isizukulwane "Kalashnikov" design eziyisisekelo AK-74M (IV Generation) 18 eyenziwe izinguquko ezinqala kwesakhiwo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukulondoloza Classic "Kalashnikov" isakhiwo, ukuthembeka futhi engeyona inkimbinkimbi.

AK-12 sinikezwe Abaklami ezintsha kuvuse indlela evumela ngenxa yokushisa ka ezintathu izinhlobo umlilo: isibhamu esisodwa, ngokudubula Ukuvutha, Ukuvutha kwezibhamu mfushane (usike-off) - ku emahlandla lamatsatfu.

Inqubekela phambili ebalulekile: ekugcineni i ezizishintshayo Russian ngemva kweminyaka ingxoxo, namanje yafakwa ukulawula ukhululekile ngempela ergonomic.

Ngesikhathi uvivinyo waphawula lula alo telescoping buttstock, ebona isibambo. Isetshenziswa zikagwayi ezimbili ukuguqulwa. Eyokuqala - lowo, eqinisweni, has a Kalashnikov -AK-74. Esesibili - a manufacturable ngaphezulu, telescopic ngesikhundla ezinhlanu ukulungiswa. Lesi sakamuva uvumela izingalo kahle kufanelekile ngaphansi anthropometry umcibisholo. Kakhulu ziyancipha ukufinyela, okuyinto nakanjani kuthinta ukunemba umlilo. Okuthuthukisiwe imodi ukudubula cutoff.

Umshini inedizayini Modular, okuvumela kokufaka imiphongolo nezilandiso osezingeni ezahlukene kanye nobude. It yakhelwe njengendlela yesikhulumi base esibandakanya ukuthuthukiswa 20 ukulungiswa okwalandela.

Uma kuhlelelwa entsha Russian nokuhlanganisa isibhamu isebenzisa izinto zakamuva ezinengilazi. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa original 10 lobunikazi izixazululo lobuchwepheshe.

Ergonomics

Sebenzisa ama-AK-12 kusuka kwesokunxele hander kuyoba njengoba elula njengoba kwesokudla hander: isibambo ashona, ngesikhathi yizikhali master, ihlelwe kabusha kalula noma kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla. Yiqiniso, nomthelela omuhle ukulwa yayo amakhono ezilandelayo sici sobala ubambe umshini ngesandla esisodwa, sizokwazi ukushintsha izinhlobo efanayo umlilo, unfasten esitolo, ukubeka isikhali phezu fuse, bese adubule naye. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ikakhulukazi ngoba isandla isithupha sokudubula ifakwe 2-indlela 4-indlela umhumushi-fuse.

isikhathi Ashona lincishisiwe AK-12, bangakunaki wokwakha entsha nge-slide inkinobho stop eseduze ngenhla esitolo, khona kanye umamukeli. Umshini has a isakhiwo baqinisa: ekuqiniseni uhlelo umamukeli kukhokhwe izindleko front ukuhambisana okuthembekile yokuxhumana kwawo owamukelayo. Engxenyeni yalo ezingemuva le cap igibele ngumuntu isiqhebezo isigwedlo ekhethekile actuable elise kwalo efanayo ezingemuva kwesokudla.

idivayisi agibele amahhashi

Esikhathini indlela yasibamba ngokuqinile uhlaliseke isikhundla isembozo salo isihlobo umamukeli ukuba umgqomo, okuyinto kudala amathuba ngoba ukusetshenziswa nezinamathiselo. Angakwazi lula lo msebenzi ezengeziwe, ikhava umamukeli esingakaphothulwa Picatinny wesitimela (iyatholakala kusuka phansi futhi izinhlangothi kuze ibhodi lemisindo futhi egumbini elinegesi nokulapho).

Ngosizo lwabo, "Flick we esihlakaleni" entsha "Kalashnikov" AK-12 liphenduka isiqalisi amabhomu. On ngezansi ubakaki foregrip kungenziwa bufakwe izinhlobo ezahlukene amabhomu iziqhumane 40 mm GP-25 "Umlilo" (ngenxa yokuchitheka amabutho eziphilayo lesitha), 40-mm GP-30 "Obuvka" ngoba idilize eziyingozi caseless izinhlamvu, 40 mm ngcono (elingenalo misfire) GP-34.

Inhloso ngcono

Okuthuthukisiwe umusi othomathikhi eqala i ibhalansi elungiselelwe izingxenye ezinyakazayo kanye nezindlela, ukusetshenziswa esiphezulu nomlomo amabhuleki - konke lokhu kuyindlela emfushane waletha nokuhlanganisa isibhamu esisha ku okulingana ukusebenza kuya automatics olinganiselayo (AK-107).

Kalashnikov AK-12 ifakwe i ngcono ngentambo Ukuqoqela ndawonye futhi emnyango, okuyinto has nomthelela omuhle kwemigomo ukunemba.

Sesike ezishiwo kule indlela sihloko Ukuqamba inhlamvu. Sifaka ukuthi ikuvumela ukufinyelela izinga ukusebenza uma ngokudubula nge asikiwe 1000 imizuliswano ngomzuzu, futhi emigqeni - 600 (i esifanayo). Inguquko kuya izindlela sokudubula senziwa ngaphandle kokuthatha amehlo abo emehlweni leaf umcibisholo. Ngaphambi shintsha ifinyelela kalula isithupha sakho, cindezela inhlamvu. Lokhu ukuhamba ilula, ngokushesha alethwe automatism.

New AK-12, ngenxa strip osekukhulunywe ngakho, yazuza kungenzeka imishini yasibamba oluthinta ngqo ukunemba sokudubula: zonke izinhlobo zokungcebeleka (optical, isibonelo, ACOG sika, collimator, ebusuku, mechanical), laser designators futhi izibani wezindlela. Ukunemba sokudubula futhi nakanjani kuthinte ukwanda sextant obuphelele ukususwa kwama emehlweni ezingemuva emuva.

izici Martial

Izikhali AK-12 (V isizukulwane Russian lokushaya izibhamu) has izici lobuchwepheshe ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele (bheka. Ithebula 1).

ukulwa izici	izinkomba
Calibre, mm	5,45 kuya ku-39; 5.56 kuya 45; 7,62 kuya ku-39; 7,62 ku 51 NATO
isilawuli uhlobo	Negesi uphuma khona, valve rotary
obuphelele
AK-12, bheka	110 - adjoin insabule; Butt - 94,5; Butt isusiwe - 72,5
Wendlovu, bheka	41,5
Isisindo, g	3300 (akukho izitolo)
AK-12 isibhamu izici
Ijubane labadubuli, isibhamu ngomzuzu	Emigqeni - 600; cutoff - 1000
AK-12, izimfanelo amandla ukulwa (cartridges yizicucu)	Classic Isitolo AK (30); Umagazini 4-irowu ibhokisi (60); Drum (95)
Isivinini nomlomo (kokuqala)	0.9 km / s
Esiphumelelako. Ngemishini. ibanga	0.6 km
Ngemishini umugqa (mm)	Ekukhunjulwa sectored kuhlanganiswe - 414 mm diopter Outdoor - 583 mm

Ukuqhathanisa i-NATO-vskimi lokushaya izibhamu

Uma-domain yomphakathi kwakukhona isithombe ne-AK-12, leli qiniso ngokushesha ephakanyiswe resonance eside, abaningi bafuna izici zakhe kuxoxwa. Ngemva kwaba sobala ukuthi isakhiwo esisha wadala lomhlaba izikhali ezincane othomathikhi. Kwakufana umncintiswano njengabakufanelekele ukuhlaziswa lokushaya izibhamu ehola amazwe-abahlanganyeli NATO. Isitatimende zokugcina kubonakaliswa Ithebula Ukuqhathanisa okulandelayo ethize.

Ithebula 2. Ukuqhathaniswa Russian AK-12 ne phansi NATO ezizishintshayo

	Italy	United States	Germany	Austria	Russia
	Beretta ARX 160	M16A4	HK416 14,5 "	Steyr A3 Aug	AK-12
Unyaka ukwamukela	2009	1994	2005	2005	2014
IMisa (gcwalisiwe) kg	3	3.55	3,56	3.9	3.2
Ubude Dec. Butt, mm	950	1000	950	745	940
Receiver obuphelele mm	406	510	420	455	415
osezingeni	5.56 mm kuya ku-45 mm	5.56 mm kuya ku-45 mm	5.56 mm kuya ku-45 mm	5.56 mm kuya ku-45 mm	5,45 mm kuya ku-39 mm
ukudubula uhlobo	olulodwa	olulodwa	olulodwa	olulodwa	olulodwa
	othomathikhi	I ezinqunyiwe 3 isibhamu	othomathikhi	othomathikhi	I ezinqunyiwe 3 isibhamu
		othomathikhi			othomathikhi
Izinga RDS. / Min	700	700-950	850	680-750	650-1000
isivinini ichashazi, km / s (Basic.)	n / d	0.85	0.75	0.99	0.9
Effect. esikhathini esizayo. ukudubula	0.6 km	0.6 km	0.4 km	0.5 km	0.6 km
umagazini umthamo	cartridges 100; 30 bafika	Kusukela imizuliswano 20 kuya ku-100 kanye nezinhlamvu; 30 bafika ejwayelekile	Kusukela imizuliswano 20 kuya ku-100 kanye nezinhlamvu; 30 bafika ejwayelekile	42 nezinhlamvu; 30 bafika	95, 60, 30 imizuliswano
emehlweni Eziyisisekelo	Ukubona ivuliwe	diopter emehlweni	diopter emehlweni	Optical emehlweni 1.5X	Variable diopter emehlweni. noma evulekile
Isinamathiseli sextant	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny	pl. Picatinny
amabhomu kunqotshwa		M203	HK AG36	M203	GP-25, 30,34

Njengoba singabona kusukela etafuleni, iningi imingcele ngaphambi izimbangi zayo ku-AK-12. Izimpawu izikhali Russian enemisebenzi kakhulu.

Revaluation izikhali Russian Tactical ukulwa nokusetshenziswa AK

Cishe uye waqaphela Tri-mode kokudubula AK-12 (Photo izikhali esihlokweni khombisa inkinobho isigwedlo-isikhethi). Siyini isizathu? Okokuqala - ne ushintsho enkulu emibonweni yabantu nasendleleni ukulwa nokusetshenziswa "Kalashnikov" entsha. Soviet isayensi lezempi likhombe iminyaka eminingi ukuthi Ukuvutha labadubuli komlilo kubhekwa umbono eyinhloko umshini. Lo mbono oyiphutha kuze kube muva nje elanqoba Soviet classical izincwadi sokudubula. Ikakhulu ezenziwe ngaphansi kwawo, AK futhi AKM. Kukholakala ukuthi indlela ukudala high density lomlilo, ngakho-ke, emakamu esiphezulu firepower.

Omunye ehola ososayensi Russian emkhakheni nezibhamu Sergey Borisovich Monetchikov emsebenzini wakhe evezwe babeka nezaba kukunike nombono ongokoqobo sendaba.

Okokuqala ake sihlaziye izimo kokuqala kusuka lapho kwesibopho lokucabanga isayensi lezempi. Lokhu isosha nezinhlamvu. Kusobala ukuthi lilinganiselwe izimo Injongo ngempela. Soldier, bebehlome ngezibhamu, kungaletha ku iziqubu ezingeqi kwezingu 8-10 ezitolo. Ngakho-ke, ithemba "aphahluke" ithuba lakhe ekuqaleni impi inselelo kokubili ukuqaliswa leli sosha ukulwa emishini, ukusinda kwalo empini efanayo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu Eqinisweni, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele Isici ukushisa isikhali. Lapho kokudubula Ukuvutha yale nqubo okukhulu okuningi. Ngokweqile lishise izingalo "aphindisele" umcibisholo ukunemba ongaphakeme. Endabeni ulwa emqulwini avaliwe (endlini) sokudubula Ukuvutha kubabangele ebuyile ezingalindelekile for sokudubula ebulalayo. Genius Aleksandr vasilevich Suvorov wayengubani futhi ungubani ngokuphelele ilungelo, efundisa amasosha "ukuvikela igobolondo." Lo mbono, yebo, hhayi alimaze ingcindezi labadubuli isitha yaqaphela izikhali kubhekwe. Kamuva kulesi sihloko sizocabangela le labadubuli lamasu entsha "Kalashnikov".

ukudubula olulodwa

Ngo pfu ezikude ukubonakala ezinhle uncamela kokudubula cartridges olulodwa. Akufanele sibakhohlwe ukuthi ukulwa kungasebenzi esebenzayo-dash inqubo ukushaya wesifunda target esehlanganise it amachashazi amaningi. Ngo-dash nge endaweni ethule ungasasebenzisa inqubo kuhloswe "emlenzeni ngakwesokunxele," noma ngokulandela iso ngoba umgomo. Esimweni ukulwa amasosha khona agcizelele isici buthuntubeze ukunemba, umthelela ukukhathala ngokomzimba, imishini zokuzivikela, njll Shoot emigqeni ngesikhathi esifanayo - ngokweqile awunalutho.

Phela ngokuzikhethela aim ngokucophelela kuwo wonke uhlwayi olulodwa. kungase kutholakale kahle sokudubula runaway eyodwa, hhayi okukhiqizwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa scrupulous kuhloswe, futhi ngokuhlanganisa izimpukane nenjongo. AK-12 kule ndaba elula kakhulu. Wakhe bushelelezi labadubuli indlela ngemuva kokudubula cishe uthatha umgomo at the target, kuyilapho itshe esivivaneni nekusebenta eminye runaway isibani olulodwa.

Ukuthwebula e imisindo emifushane

Lolu hlobo umlilo ligcwaliswa kokuqala esiteji yempi akude lapho izimo abampofu ukubonakala (ebusuku, intuthu, oluhlaza brilliant). Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, esigabeni sokuqala ukungqubuzana isitha akuvami kucaca lapho empeleni. Ngosizo okunenjongo imisindo emifushane kwaveza "Fumble amazwi 'isitha.

Khona-ke lo mbulali uya labadubuli olulodwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ezikhonjwe izikhundla isitha. Kukhona enye indlela. Ukuvutha 6-8 imizuliswano ixoshe kusuka ukuqamekela ngu amabutho esitha elise ababonayo labadubuli wemboni. Ngakho umlilo ufinyelelwe kwabantu esiphezulu futhi, ngokufanelekile, isicelo umonakalo maximal nesitha. Izinga AK-12 uphetha 600/1000 kungaba ngempumelelo ukufeza msebenzi.

Ukuthwebula cutoff

I imililo isosha, ukuhlala statics futhi Dynamics. Kulo mBhalo, anakho kudutshulwe ingahlalisekanga. Ezimweni ezinjengalezi esiphezulu ukusebenza kahle imodi cutoff. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-AK-12, kahle kungase kutholakale ukulingana inhlamvu: isiqu akuyona sengozini waphenduka-up, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, azuzwe ukunemba kahle.

Kokudubula Ukuvutha eside

Lolu hlobo ukudubula isetshenziswa lokushaya, uma izimo ubuncane Ricochet amachashazi. Ngokuvamile, abahlaseli awazi lapho kufihlwa isitha ekuvikeleni. Kokudubula Ukuvutha eside kuyivumela iwukudambisa (mhlawumbe okwesikhashana, kubalulekile nokuba) akuyona dot, futhi ngokushesha - ngaphakathi ethile isikhala.

isiphetho

Entsha Kalashnikov nokuhlanganisa isibhamu sohlobo lwe-AK-12 - mlando ezingeni ngazinye isizukulwane, umkhiqizo umkhakha ukuzivikela Russian.

Lokhu izikhali futhi okuthembekile zobuchwepheshe waqinisekisa uphawu KB Kalashnikov. Nokho, kungaba ezingaba kakhulu yokulwa izici zayo ngokuthi ezimile kuphela. Dynamics kwesicelo AK-12 (isithombe isosha labadubuli phambili, Supra.), M. E. ukulwa kwalo ukusebenza kubonakala Wokusebenza ingxubevange nge amakhono abasebenzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile hhayi imbubhiso isifanekiso njengasezinsukwini dash, ukuzivocavoca ngokudubula, futhi ezithambile zabo ngokuhlanganisa, amasosha isitimela. Kumelwe ukwazi hhayi kuphela nomlilo ngokunembile, kodwa kungcono zihluka izindlela sokudubula "Kalashnikov", kuncike izici isimo ukulwa.