Iran: inkolo futhi izinkolo ezincane

Iran akuniké emhlabeni izikhumbuzo eminingi eyatholakala kanye namagugu amasiko alo kusenziwa ngokucophelela ufundwa ososayensi ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Izwe uye wakwazi ukulondoloza nje kuphela kodwa futhi ukwandisa nengcebo yabo eningi, njengoba isimo nge ngokwahlukana ecacile inkolo nobulili.

Iran: kafushane mayelana ebaluleke kakhulu

Iran kungenziwa ngokuthi isimo lapho kunzima ukwehluka. Iningi labantu namaPheresiya, futhi babe kunomthelela oqonde ngqo ezombusazwe yangaphakathi yezwe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezindaweni eziningi kuba nzima ukuthola izwe eziphambili onjalo afana ne-Iran, inkolo ifeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Kusukela enqabelo zenkolo neziqondiso bacasulwa ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke ngokuphelele bonke abakhileyo isimo, kusukela ekhanda yezwe ziphethe artisan elula.

Ulimi olusemthethweni Iran kuyinto Persian, akhulunywa iningi labantu. It is ifundiswe ezikoleni futhi izikhungo ephakeme Imfundo Tehran. Abesifazane kuleli zwe akusito ukufunda, lokhu kungenxa amasiko enkolo ngokucacile ebekiwe nokungalingani ngokobulili. Abesifazane nabo bavunyelwe banezikhundla uhulumeni ezibalulekile futhi babe abapristi. Esikhathini namanye amalungelo abesifazane kungukuthi ukuthi kuphulwe umthetho phezu kakhulu. abahlaziyi abaningi Western ngisho ukuqaphela isimo yesimanje Iran kude medieval ubandlululo Muslim nezimfundiso ezihlukahlukene.

Inkolo yase-Iran Lasendulo

Inani labantu base-Iran sasendulo sasibhalwa emelelwa zihlakazeke izizwe ayimizulane, ngakho inkolo yezimpucuko lokuqala Iran ziyaphikisana futhi ibe nezimpande ezahlukene. Izizwe esiqine kunazo Iranian Plateau babe Arias, okuyinto bakwazi ukusakaza izinkolelo zabo phakathi ezinye izizwe abahlala kule nsimu.

Esikhathini kela onkulunkulu abaningi kwama-Aryan, omunye bangathembela ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane imimoya ezahlukene nawonkulunkulu. Bonke zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili:

• onkulunkulu oda;
• onkulunkulu ngokwemvelo.

Unkulunkulu ngamunye kwadingeka Abapristi balo futhi inkonzo rites ekhethekile. Kancane kancane, le mikhuba baba eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi ukuphila ngaphandle kokuzivivinya kwabangela izinguquko inkolo Iran lasendulo. Ngu enkulungwaneni yesibili yeminyaka BC, benza egqanyisiwe unkulunkulu ngokuhlakanipha, elalingelamaFilisti akhanya zonke onkulunkulu ababaziwa. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kwaba sibonelo ukukhulekela umlilo, ayenza imihlatshelo ifomu yezilwane izipho bemvelo. Phakathi umlilo lomhlatshelo Aryans wathatha isiphuzo oludakayo. It is njengoba haoma eyaziwa, futhi wasetshenziswa kakade behlukanisiwe emikhosini yenkolo izinkulungwane zeminyaka.

Lwathi luphela ekhulwini lesikhombisa BC ensimini ka Iran sidilizwa kwakhiwa entsha yenkolo namaZoroaster, okuyinto zanda ngokushesha phakathi kwabantu futhi kwaba ezinethonya kunazo kuleli zwe.

NamaZoroaster - ukuvela cult amasha enkolo

Ekhuluma ngomsuka namaZoroaster ku le Iranian Plateau ezinganekwaneni eziningi, kodwa eqinisweni umsunguli sehlelo wake waphila ngempela. Izazi-mlando bakwazi ukuthola ubufakazi bokuthi Zoroaster wayengumpristi enethonya we Aryans. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe washumayela okuhle futhi eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engamashumi amane nambili, wathola isambulo Wawugujelwani ukuvela sesikhethe inkolo entsha. Umfundisi waqala ngenkuthalo ukuletha ukukhanya ukholo uquqaba, ukuhamba ezweni lonke, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ukushunyayelwa kwezindaba Zoroaster zathathwa encwadini eyodwa engcwele - Avesta. yena wanikwa inkululeko amakhono engavamile, futhi phakathi namakhulu eminyaka isibe umuntu wasenganekwaneni, ukuba khona lapho wangabaza cishe zonke izazi Western.

Kubaluleka namaZoroaster

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, Iran unqobile namaZoroaster. Inkolo Akumangalisi esikhulu imicikilisho Aryans lasendulo, singasho ukuthi Zoroaster wajoyina zonke namahlelo eyaziwa kwelinye. Unkulunkulu ezibaluleke kakhulu namaZoroaster kubhekwe Ormuzd, yena umele bonke egqamile futhi emihle. Uzofanele njalo ukulwa umfowabo amnyama Angra Manyu, ozimisele ukubhubhisa isintu, uma ayengase akwazi zokushintsha ke.

Ngokusho izinto eziyisisekelo namaZoroaster, unkulunkulu ngamunye ukuthelekela izwe ekuqaleni eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezintathu, iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezintathu, basuke belwa bodwa. Isikhathi ngasinye lapho kuwumshikashika kangaka kuhambisana izinhlekelele nezinhlekelele zemvelo. Kodwa ushintsho akunakugwenywa, nababusi wesintu ukuba alungiselele lo.

Avesta: incwadi engcwele Iran lasendulo

Zonke imithetho kanye eziyisisekelo zokubala emkhakheni we namaZoroaster ekuqaleni lidlule ngomlomo, kodwa ekugcineni bathola inkulumo yabo kule Avesta. It liqukethe izingxenye ezintathu. Eyokuqala eqoqwe emaculweni onkulunkulu bamanga, imithandazo Ormudze owesibini, imibukiso lwesithathu zonke imigidi izimiso eyinhloko lenkolo.

NamaZoroaster: imikhuba enkonzweni

Isibaluli ebaluleke kakhulu isevisi yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi namaZoroaster umlilo. Futhi uye wayilondoloza njalo abapristi ethempelini futhi waba ngowokuqala ukufakaza isiko Ukusungula abasha Aryans. Sekuphele iminyaka eyishumi, umfana ngamunye wathola unkulunkulu yokuqalisa, njalo eyenziwa ngomlilo, okuyinto bangaphambi emcimbini kwadingeka ukuba "fed" kahlanu ngosuku. Isikhathi ngasinye, befaka uphethiloli, umpristi ukufunda umthandazo.

emikhosini Special athobele zonke izenzakalo zokuphila omphakathi, i-manipulations owaba umqansa kunayo yonke Kwakuseshwa emngcwabeni ka imizimba Iran efile.

Ukunqoba Iran nge Arabhu: ushintsho inkolo

Ngekhulu leminyaka lesikhombisa abanqobi Arab ukungena Iran. Inkolo-Arabhu, Islam, ubelokhu azixoshe namaZoroaster evamile. emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka kwakucishe imperceptible, wonke amaqembu enkolo Bahlala ngokuthula ezweni. Kodwa yi-Ekhulwini leshumi, kwafika isimo sashintsha ngokuphelele, Islam baba otshaliwe kabanzi. Labo ungavumelani umbuso omusha benkolo bashushisa. Ezingxenyeni eziningi AmaZoroaster Iranian babe ukubulala, futhi kwaba okukhulu kakhulu. Phakathi nale nkathi, ingxenye enkulu sababekholelwa okholweni ubudala siyiswe ku kwelaseNdiya, lapho yaziwa ngokuthi namaZoroaster Parseeism futhi namanje inhlangano yenkolo ngempela enethonya kuleli zwe.

Islam: Iran ekubeni inkolo isimo

Izazi-mlando ningangabazi, sasinjani inkolo isimo Iran kulandela ukuxoshwa AmaZoroaster - Islam amashumi eminyaka ngokuqinile kuthathwe indzawo yayo ezingqondweni nasezinhliziyweni Iran. Kusukela ekhulwini leshumi ke kwasicinisa isikhundla salo futhi ngenkuthalo ukuthonywa indlela yokuphila yezwe.

Kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha, isizwe Iranian isibe umhlanganyeli emzabalazweni izitayela ezimbili Islam - Sunni and Shia. Ngokuvamile, lezi amaqembu aphikisanayo phezulu izimpi ahlomile ukuthi ihlukaniswe izwe kwaba amakamu amabili. Konke lokhu kunomthelela omubi Iran. Inkolo isibe ngokuchaza futhi angaphandle inqubomgomo oye cishe eseyiqedile kungenzeka inkhulumomphendvulwano stroke phakathi Iran waseNtshonalanga.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili zefilosofi Iranian Uzame avuselele isiko wezwe ka namaZoroaster, kodwa in the Eighties kwekhulu elidlule, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa Islamic abuqede ezinye kwenkululeko ekukhulekeleni, futhi ekugcineni setha amandla amaSulumane Shiite.

Iyiphi inkolo e-Iran kuyinto ezinethonya kunazo namuhla?

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, naphezu rigidity kubabusi Iranian kuleli zwe ngezikhathi kwakukhona imisinga ezihlukahlukene. Abazange wathola ukusatshalaliswa kwenqwaba, kodwa omunye amagatsha Islam wakwazi ukuthola isizinda kuleli zwe. Lesi sifundo senziwa okholweni Baha'i, okuyinto evame ukubizwa ngokuthi ubunye inkolo. Okwamanje le amancane ezinhlanga nezenkolo has abalandeli abaningi e-Iran.

Noma kunjalo, inkolo isimo Iran ingenye, ngoba amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-ayisishiyagalolunye labantu Shia amaSulumane. Baqhuba somphakathi futhi babe abefundisi ezinethonya kunazo. amaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili sabantu iziveze amaSulumane Sunni, kanye kuphela okusele amaphesenti amabili Iran abathi ukholo Baha'i, ubuKristu nobuJuda.

osopolitiki abaningi Western ambiguously yazwakalisa ukukhathazeka Iran polity yayo. Bakholelwa ukuthi iqembu lenkolo nge okuhlala esiqinile sendlela Shia, kakhulu kukhawulela ukuthuthukiswa isimo. Kodwa akekho umuntu ongaba ngempela ukuqagela ukuthi ngeke ukwakha izimpilo Iran abavamile, uma inkolo izodlala indima ezincane kunqubomgomo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle yezwe.