Intuthu boilers: isimiso wokusebenza futhi idivayisi

Intuthu kubhayela yidivayisi yokuguqula amanzi ku umusi ukuthi isetshenziswa kokubili ekhaya futhi umkhakha. Intuthu isetshenziswa ukufudumeza emagcekeni, ezimotweni futhi amapayipi, kanye ligijima turbomachinery. Ake uthole okwengeziwe kuyini umusi boilers. Umgomo we operation, ngezigaba kudivayisi, ububanzi nokunye okuningi - konke lokhu kuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

definition

Njengoba wazi, iyunithi umusi kubhayela sikhiqiza umusi. Ngakho boilers yalolu hlobo angakhiqiza ngazimbili ezimbili zama: ayegcwele kanye esishisa bhé. Esimweni sokuqala, izinga lokushisa imayelana 100 degrees, futhi ingcindezi - mayelana 100 KPA. Esishisa bhé umusi izinga lokushisa likhuphuka degrees 500 futhi ingcindezi - kuze kufinyelele 26 MPA. umusi ayegcwele isetshenziselwa yasekhaya, ikakhulu for amalahle izindlu zangasese. umusi esishisa bhé ithole isicelo e umkhakha namandla. Akakubekezeleli ukushisa, ngakho ukusebenzisa kwayo kakhulu kwandisa nekusebenta simila.

Ububanzi

Zintathu izindawo eziyinhloko kwesicelo umusi boilers:

1. Ukushisa izinhlelo. Isitimu uba umthombo wamandla.
2. Amandla. Industrial umusi izinjini, noma njengoba bebizwa umusi ugesi zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi.
3. Umkhakha. Isitimu embonini azisetshenziselwa Ukushisa, "amahembe" apparatuses futhi amapayipi, kodwa futhi ngoba ukuguqulwa energy ezishisayo ku izimoto mechanical ezihambayo.

Household umusi boilers ukusetshenziselwa ukufudumeza yasekhaya. Ngamagama alula, lo msebenzi wabo evuthayo futhi umhwamuko ukunyakaza ngokusebenzisa amapayipi. uhlelo okunjalo ngokuvamile ukuhlomisa nge esithandweni umile noma kubhayela. Ngokuvamile, ekhaya Imishini angavezi elihlale umusi esishisa bhé, okuyinto kwanele ukuze afeze imisebenzi yabo.

Ngo umkhakha, umusi kuyinto esishisa bhé - bayaqhubeka nokushisa ngemva ukuhwamuka ngenhloso eminye ukwandisa izinga lokushisa. Lezi zakhiwo kufanele izidingo ezikhethekile izinga, kusukela ebilayo umusi ithangi izingozi umlilo. Isitimu esishisa bhé eyatholakala kusukela kubhayela, ingase iye isizukulwane ugesi noma umnyakazo lokukhanda.

zamanje Electric nge umusi kwakhiwa ngendlela elandelayo. Sokubilisa, umusi engena ophephela lapho ngenxa ukugeleza obukhulu uzungeza kushaft. Ngakho, energy ezishisayo iguqulwe ibe mechanical, futhi yena, yona, ibe namandla kagesi. Yileyo indlela amandla ophephela.

Ukuzungelezisa shaft, okuyinto eyenzeka le ukuhwamuka esiningi esishisa bhé isitimu lungathunyelwa ngqo motor futhi isondo. Ngakho ukunyakaza ezokuthutha ububi ngentukuthelo. Njengoba isibonelo ezidumile umusi umusi injini kungaholela kubhayela esitimela noma olwandle. lokugcina ukusebenza isimiso ulula: amandla omlilo amalahle uphehla ukushisa okuyinto heats amanzi bese edonsa intuthu. Awu ngazimbili, esikhundleni salokho, phendula isondo, noma esimweni umkhumbi ngezikulufo.

Intuthu boilers: ukusebenza

Ake sihlole kabanzi ukuthi lisebenze kanjani lezi boilers. Umthombo ukushisa ezidingekayo Ukushisa amanzi, kungaba noma yiluphi uhlobo amandla: kagesi, solar, zafakwa nesimiso, ukushisa kusukela omlilo of ngegesi noma ngophethiloli okuqinile. Intuthu ekhiqizwa phakathi Ukushisa kwamanzi kuyinto ukushisa ukudluliselwa uketshezi, isb Ukudluliselwa energy ezishisayo kusukela Ukushisa isikhala endaweni ukusetshenziswa.

Naphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukene, idivayisi oyinhloko Umgomo we operation umusi boilers musa ihluke. Ubude amanzi Ukushisa wesifunda ukuguqulwa kwalo okwalandela ku umusi simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

1. Uhlanza amanzi ku ukuhlunga futhi supply yayo Ukushisa ithangi nge futha. Ethangini ngokuvamile itholakala engxenyeni engenhla kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita.
2. Kusukela tank amanzi ongena ngesango amashubhu phakathi ezininginingi, elise ngokulandelana ngezansi.
3. Lamanzi linyuka futhi, kulokhu sase hhayi ngokusebenzisa ipayipi futhi ngokusebenzisa Ukushisa zone.
4. Esikhathini Ukushisa zone ezakhiwe ngambili. Ngaphansi isenzo umehluko ingcindezi phakathi liquid ketshezi gaseous, ke uyovuka phezulu.
5. Ngenhla umusi evuthayo is idlule isihlukanisi, lapho Ekugcineni bahlukaniswa amanzi. Izinsalela uketshezi wabuyela kwesigubhu, futhi umusi kufanele sibe umugqa umusi.
6. Uma lena akuyona kubhayela abavamile, futhi generator umusi, it is eminye ukufuthelana ngu amapayipi. Ngokuvamile, ngezinsuku zabo izindlela Ukushisa kuchaziwe ngezansi.

kudivayisi

Intuthu boilers amelela ethangini lapho amanzi sishisiswe yakha umusi. Ngokuvamile yenziwa ngendlela amapayipi letingemasayizi lahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho ipayipi ngamanzi kubhayela njalo has a egumbini amandla omlilo (somlilo). isakhiwo sayo ingahluka kuye ngohlobo uphethiloli ukusetshenziswa. Uma kuwukuthi ukhuni, noma amalahle kanzima, kuyinto ezansi somlilo kuyinto grate olufakiwe lapho isitaki nophethiloli. Kusukela phansi lethusi, emoyeni ingena egumbini amandla omlilo. A phezulu esithandweni uzihlomisa ngefasitele, esidingeka traction ngempumelelo - afundwa emoyeni futhi amandla omlilo uphethiloli.

Isimiso umusi boilers for zokubasa okuqinile Kuthi ezahlukene kusukela kumadivayisi lapho kokupholisayo esetshenziswa njengoba impahla liquid noma gaseous. Esimeni sesibili, sikaphalafini kuhilela omlilo ekamelweni lapho sisebenza njenge-izitofu gas yasendlini izitofu. Ukuze air kwegazi futhi usebenzise grate kanye flue, ngoba kungakhathaliseki uhlobo fuel, amandla omlilo emoyeni yisimo ebalulekile.

igesi Combustible eyatholakala kusukela fuel amandla omlilo, antante tank amanzi. Unikeza amanzi nokushisa kwalo zokuphuma ngokusebenzisa kushimula emkhathini. Lapho amanzi ukufuthelana lokushisa abilayo, uqala shabalala. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amanzi iyasha, kodwa hhayi lezo zimali kanye at enjalo lokushisa umusi. umusi ayahwamuka yedwa, ungena ipayipi. Ngakho, nokusakazwa umusi kanye ushintsho wokuhlanganisa uthi yamanzi kwenzeka ngokwemvelo. Umgomo we operation ye kubhayela umusi we kunyatheliswa yemvelo kudinga Ukungenela komuntu omncane. Odinga ukukwenza opharetha ukuqinisekisa amanzi esitebeleni ashisayo futhi ulawule inqubo esebenzisa amadivayisi ezikhethekile.

Endabeni kagesi amanzi Ukushisa kubhayela kulula. It is ukufuthelana ngu izakhi ukushisa noma heater oyibhalayo izenzo njengesiqondiso futhi ukufuthelana ngu Joule-Lenz.

ngezigaba

Intuthu boilers, isimiso thina sicabanga namuhla, kungenziwa labizwa ngezindlela eziningana.

Ngu uphethiloli lwendzawo:

1. Yamalahle.
2. Negesi.
3. uwoyela Heavy.
4. Kagesi.

Ngu aphoyintimenti:

1. ZaseNdlunkulu.
2. Amandla.
3. Industrial.
4. Nokusebenzisa kabusho imikhiqizo esisebenzile.

Ngu design:

1. -Tube.
2. Amanzi tube.

Uyini umehluko igesi namanzi tube umusi boilers

Umgomo we operation isekelwe Ukushisa boilers ne ithangi lamanzi. Igunya okwenziwa ngalo amanzi engena isimo umusi ngokuvamile kuba ngamapayipi noma amashubhu amaningi. Amadivayisi lapho heats ipayipi fuel, ngivuka, le boilers ngokuthi ukukhulelwa okwenziwa ngaphandle kwesibeletho.

Kodwa kukhona okunye ukukhetha - lapho igesi omlilo eshayela phakathi kwezinye igemfe, elise phakathi ethangini lamanzi. Kulokhu, iziqukathi amanzi ngokuthi izigubhu kubhayela ngokwayo - amanzi ngamapayipi. Ngo parlance ezivamile futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i umlilo-tube kubhayela. Kuye indawo amanzi izigubhu boilers yalolu hlobo uhlukaniswe: evundlile, amile osabalalayo. Futhi, kukhona onobuhle aseqale ukusebenzisa izinkomba ezahlukene amashubhu.

Ahlele futhi usebenza isimiso umlilo-tube kubhayela-tube ehlukile kancane kusuka. Okokuqala, kumayelana usayizi ipayipi namanzi futhi umusi. Ngo amanzi-tube kubhayela amashubhu ngaphansi jikelele, kuka e-tube. Okwesibili, kunomehluko amandla endaweni. kubhayela -Tube inikeza ingcindezi ezingekho ngaphezu 1 MPA futhi sinesikhundla ukushisa Generating kuze kufinyelele 360 kW. Isizathu salokhu iyona ipayipi elikhulu. Lokho kwamiswa amashubhu kwanele umusi ingcindezi, ngaphakathi kwezindonga zabo kudingeka kube uqweqwe. Ngenxa yalokho - izindleko boilers esinjalo overstated. Inamandla amanzi-tube kubhayela. Ngenxa mncane odongeni amashubhu, umusi heats kangcono. Futhi okwesithathu, amanzi tube boilers ephephile. Bakha ukushisa futhi asesabi a sindisa abalulekile.

izakhi engeziwe ye boilers

Umgomo we operation ye kubhayela umusi ulula, kodwa nje umklamo walo siqukethe inombolo kahle esikhulu izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho amandla omlilo amakamelo amaphayiphi nokusakazwa amanzi / umusi boilers anemisila amadivaysi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza ngokuzimisela kwabo (ukwandisa umusi lokushisa, ingcindezi yayo kanye nobungako). Lezi amadivayisi zihlanganisa:

1. Superheater. Usebenzela ukwandisa izinga lokushisa umusi ngenhla degrees 100. Ukushisa umusi kwandisa nekusebenta idivayisi iphinde ukusebenza kwawo ngempumelelo. Esishisa bhé umusi bengase bazikhandlele izinga degrees 500 Celsius. Okunjalo okushisa aphakeme ezimileni umusi iziteshi amandla enuzi. Ingqikithi yalo superheat wukuthi emva ukuhwamuka uyeza ngokusebenzisa ipayipi is phansi umusi reheated. Ngenxa yale njongo, apharathasi ingase ifakwe labadubuli lokuchibiyela noma piping olulodwa okuyinto ngaphambi okukhiphayo ngazimbili ekusetshenzisweni okuhloswe, sihamba izikhathi eziningana ngokusebenzisa esithandweni main. Reheaters kukhona ngemisebe Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows. Umsebenzi wokuqala izikhathi 2-3 iyashelela.
2. Isihlukanisi. Isetshenziselwa "amanzi" umusi - buhlukaniswe amanzi. Lokhu kwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-isitshalo.
3. Intuthu accumulator. Le divayisi yakhelwe silondoloze ezingeni njalo zalesi sihlahla umusi. Lapho umbhangqwana akwanele, liyanezela ke ohlelweni futhi, kunalokho, esimweni ukhetha i overabundance.
4. kudivayisi Preparatory ngoba amanzi. Ukuze umshini ukusebenza isikhathi eside, amanzi ewela kulo, kumelwe sihlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile. Le divayisi kunciphisa umoyampilo amanzi namaminerali. Lezi zinyathelo ezilula kungavimbela ukugqwala amapayipi kanye kumiswa isikali ezindongeni zabo. Rust futhi sikala hhayi kuphela ukwehlisa ukusebenza zedivayisi, kodwa futhi ngokushesha amusa labhidlika, ikakhulukazi endabeni wokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo.

imishini zokuqapha

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubhayela ifakwe amadivaysi asizayo ukulawula nokuphatha. Ngokwesibonelo, inkinobho umkhawulo uqaphe izinga lamanzi ekugcineni njalo ezingeni uketshezi kule sigubhu. Umgomo we operation ye inkomba imibundu umusi kubhayela esekelwe isisindo ushintsho cargo ekhethekile ngesikhathi soguquko yabo kusukela esigabeni uketshezi umusi, noHezekeli. Endabeni ka ukuphambuka kusuka kuyinsakavukela ngeke Beep ukukuxwayisa abasebenzi ibhizinisi.

Ukuze beka ukulawula izinga lamanzi futhi esetshenziswa standpipe kubhayela. Umgomo we operation zedivayisi esekelwe conductivity kagesi yamanzi. Ikholomu kuyinto tube ifakwe electrode ezine, ukulawula izinga lamanzi. Uma kukholamu amanzi ifinyelela uphawu ephansi, futha okuphakelayo ixhunyiwe, futhi uma phezulu - inikwa amandla yi kubhayela amanzi sithule.

Enye idivayisi elula ukukala ezingeni amanzi kubhayela kuyinto amanzi nengilazi, bafakwe iyunithi. Isimiso ezisebenza emanzini gauge ingilazi umusi kubhayela ilula - ke senzelwe ukulawula okubonakalayo izinga lamanzi.

Futhi ezingeni ketshezi ohlelweni nge ingcindezi Izikali futhi thermometer ulinganise lokushisa nokucindezelwa ngokulandelana. Konke kuyadingeka ukuze ukusebenza evamile kubhayela futhi ukuvimbela ukuthi kungenzeka izingozi.

Intuthu ugesi

Sesixoxile kakade ngemibhalo isimiso kubhayela umusi, manje abajwayelene kafushane izici of the ugesi umusi - the boilers enamandla kakhulu ifakwe amadivaysi ezengeziwe. Njengoba ubona, umehluko oyinhloko umusi kusuka kubhayela ukuthi isakhiwo sawo sibandakanya eyodwa noma ngaphezulu reheaters, okuvumela ephezulu okushisa umusi. Ngo izitshalo amandla enuzi, ngenxa umbhangqwana kushisa kakhulu, ukuguqula amandla nokwahlukana athomu ibe amandla kagesi.

Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo: amanzi Ukushisa, nokuhunyushelwa kwalo isimo gaseous kule ophendulayo:

1. Amanzi ugeza komzimba ophendulayo. Lapho ophendulayo is selehlile namanzi ukufuthelana. Ngakho, umusi ekhiqizwa ngesimiso somshini ehlukile. Kulokhu, generator umusi ukhonza njengephayona umzimba ukushisa.
2. Inqawe ihlolwe ngamanzi ngaphakathi ophendulayo. Kulesi samuntu, le ophendulayo kuyinto egumbini amandla omlilo kuyiphi umusi ihlinzekwa ngqo generator. Lo mklamo ibizwa ngokuthi abilayo ophendulayo amanzi. Lapha konke kusebenza ngaphandle umusi.

isiphetho

Namuhla siye sahlangana nedivaysi okunjalo kuwusizo njengoba kubhayela umusi. Sakhiwo isimiso zokusebenza kule divayisi ulula futhi esekelwe izakhiwo banal ngokomzimba yamanzi. Noma kunjalo boilers kusiza kakhulu ukuphila komuntu. Kwenamisa isakhiwo nokusiza ugesi.