Intela kumakhokhelo ngabanye: inqubo yokubala, inzalo

Iningi lalabo abafake imali abacabangi bacabangi ngetela lokufaka imali ngabanye. Ngemva kokuvula idiphozi, iklayenti ilindele ukuthola inani elibalwe nguye ngokususelwa kulelo gama, izinga lesithakazelo sediphozi. Futhi ngokuvamile kuyamangala kuye ukuthi kufanele ukhokhe intela ezinzuzo.

Mayelana nesibopho sokukhokha azi konke

Ukuvula idiphozi, abatshalizimali bezingxenye eziningi abazikholelwa ukuthi kuzodingeka ukuthi bakhokhe intela ngenzuzo (inzalo kusuka ediphozithi) eyamukelwe. Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu eziningana:

• Izikhungo zebhange ngokwazo zibika ngemali engenayo etholwa ngumtshali-zimali, bakhokhe intela. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wabasebenzi basebhange ukuheha amakhasimende, ngakho-ke abambalwa abakushoyo ngabathengi abajwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokho, i-depositor ifunda ngesidingo sokukhokha intela kwimali engenayo kwidiphozi kuphela uma ivaliwe futhi inzalo itholakele.
• Iningi lezimali ezibekiwe ngabanye azikho ngaphansi kwentela.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi zonke izimali ezitholwa kuleli zwe zitholakala intela. Imali engenayo evela kwi-deposit ngendlela yesithakazelo esikhishwe yile nzuzo eyitholwa yi-depositor. Lokhu kuyinkokhelo yokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uthole imali engenayo, okuhlinzekwa nguhulumeni.

Ukuncishiswa kwentela kuyimfanelo ehloniphekile yesakhamuzi. Noma kunjalo, abatshalizimali abaningi abazi ukuthi intshisekelo ekukhokheni imali, njengenzuzo engenayo, iyakhokhiswa intela.

Okushiwo ngumthetho

Umsebenzi wokukhokha intela yentela kwidiphozi kuvela ezimweni eziningana:

• Uma idiphozi ku-ruble ivulwa futhi izinga lesithakazelo kulo liphakeme ngo-5% kunezinga lokuhlenga kabusha (kusukela ngo-2016 lesi sinani silingana nesikhiye, okungu-11%);
• Uma uvula idiphozi ngemali, isidingo sokukhokha intela kumadiphozi abantu ngabanye sizovela uma isilinganiso salo singaphezu kuka-9% ngonyaka.

Imiphumela yesikhathi

Uma isikhathi sokufaka imali singekho ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu, isilinganiso esicacisiwe ekuphetheni kwenkontileka yediphozi sihlanganyela ekubalweni. Futhi amanye amabhange anikezela ngamanani entengo ehambayo, eyanda lapho izimo ezithile zihlangana.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi intela ebhokheni yasebhange kufanele ikhokhwe lapho ukhokha inzalo eyenele, hhayi ekupheleni kwediphozi. Okusho ukuthi, uma izimo zediphozi zihlinzekela ukukhokha inzalo eyothola inyanga ngayinye, intela izophinde idluliselwe kwisabelomali njalo ngosuku lwango-30/31.

I-Bank iningi lamacala iyimenenja yentela futhi ngokwayo ibala futhi idlulisele kumnikazi wezentela intela kwidiphozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuzimela uyathumela intela yakho yentela (isimemezelo semali engenayo). Ngakho-ke, ibhange lingakwazi ukucela isitifiketi se-3-NDFL, esizayo esikhathini esizayo esizokwazi ukuthola ukuthola imali yentela.

Okulungile, ukusindisa ukufihla kwediphozi, ubukhulu bayo abukhonjiswa kwisitifiketi. Lisho kuphela inani lezintshisekelo ezikhokhwayo, ezabandakanyeka ekubalweni kwezintela, kanye nezinkokhelo ngokwazo.

Yiziphi izinketho ezingaba khona?

Iminikelo elula ibonisa ukukhishwa nokukhokha inzalo ekupheleni kwethemu lediphozi ngesilinganiso esichazwe kwinkontileka. Lapha, intela engenayo kwimali ekhokhwayo iyobalwa futhi ikhokhwe ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokufaka imali.

Ake sinike isibonelo. Iklayenti ibeke idiphozi yama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-500 izinyanga eziyisithupha. Izinga lediphozi liyi-21% ngonyaka. Idiphozi ilula, ngaphandle kwemali, ngaphandle kokuhlinzeka ngemali, ukukhokha inzalo ekupheleni kwethemu. Bala inani lentela.

Qinisekisa, kusukela ngakanani izinga intela okufanele ibalwe:

• 21 - (11 + 5) = 5%.
• (500 000 x 5 x 181: 365: 100) x 35% = ama-ruble angu-4339.

Leli nani lizokwehliswa inani lemali engenayo ukuthi umnikazi wezimali ozothola ekupheleni kwethemu.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukubalwa kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nemithetho emisha. Kunalokho, endala, kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2016 futhi yaqala ukusebenza. Ngo-2014, umthetho wamukelwa owasungula izinga elisha lemali engenayo emalini engakhokhiswa intela. Wacabanga ukuthi ukwanda kwezinga lokunciphisa kabusha ngo-10 pp. Esikhundleni se-5 kk. Okusho ukuthi, intela ediphozithi ikhokhwe kuphela uma idlulela ku-18.25% ngonyaka.

Lo mthetho wawusebenza kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2014 kuze kufike kuDisemba 31, 2015.

Intela egcinwe emabhange ngemali yangaphandle ibalwa ngesilinganiso esisebenzayo ngosuku lokukhokha inzalo ethintekayo.

Izinga lesithakazelo lingashintsha ngesikhathi se-deposit. Khona-ke intela ngeke ihlawulwe kuphela uma izinga lingekho ngaphezu kwe-16% (11 + 5), uma umnikelo ungaphakathi kwe-ruble elinganayo, noma u-9% uma kukhona imali yokukhokha imali yangaphandle.

Kuyinto encane kakhulu ukubala intela kumadiphozi abantu ngabanye, uma ihlinzeka ngemali eyinhloko. Kukhona futhi izinketho zokubheja ezingenzeka, ezithatha inani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi ngasinye siyoba nesisekelo salo sokubala intela, ngoba inani lediphozi lizobalwa njengentshisekelo.

Uma idiphozi inqanyuliwe kusenesikhathi

Isivumelwano sokufaka idiphozi sinikeza ukuqedwa kokuqala, lapho izinga lesithakazelo lihlelwa khona ekunciphiseni, futhi liyabonakala kakhulu. Khona-ke isikhungo sezikweletu sikhumbula kabusha inani lezithakazelo kulo lonke idiphozi.

Kulokhu kuhlanganiswa, imali engenayo ekhokhwa intela ilahlekile. Futhi kunesidingo sokubuyisela inani elikhokhelwayo elikhokhwayo lentela yomuntu engenayo. Art. I-231 yeKhowudi Yentela ibonisa ukuthi umkhokhi wentela angabuyisa inani lentela ekhokhelwa imali ngokufaka isicelo ehhovisi lentela endaweni yokuhlala nesicelo esibhaliwe.

Okubalulekile ukwazi nokuqonda

Uma idiphozi ikhishwa isikhathi esingaphakathi kweminyaka emithathu, awukwazi ukulandela isilinganiso sokuhlanza (okungukuthi, isilinganiso esinqunyiwe) se-CBR. Kubalulekile kuphela ngesikhathi sokusayina inkontileka yediphozi. Uma zonke izimo zifinyelelwa, ngeke kudingeke ukhokhe intela ekubanjweni kumabhange. Okungafani nalokhu ukukhula kwesilinganiso sediphozi ngokwayo: uma usuqedile imigomo yezingqimba, kuzodingeka ukhokhe intela kumgcinimafa.

Uma umfakisicelo efaka idiphozi ngamatshe ayigugu, yonke imali engenayo etholakalayo yi-depositor izokhokhiswa intela. Noma kunjalo, ukubalwa kuzokwenziwa ngesilinganiso se-13%.

Ama-deposit e-Bank Savings

Elinye lamabhange athandwa kakhulu kuleli lizwe linikeza nezinqwaba zokubeka imali. Zonke zazo zinokuzikhethela kwazo:

• Isikhathi somnikelo. Kunezikhathi zokubeka isikhathi sezinyanga ezintathu. Kukhona isikhathi eside kuya eminyakeni emithathu.
• Inani lediphozi.
• Imali ye-Deposit (ngoba namuhla kungenzeka ukwenza idiphozi ngezimali ezintathu: i-ruble, i-euro noma i-dollar yase-US).
• I-Capitalization. Isilinganiso senzalo sincike ekutheni kunomnotho noma cha.
• Ukutholakala kokubuyiswa kabusha.
• Kungenzeka ukuphatha idiphozi ngokwakho.

Izindleko zokulondolozwa zinethuba lokuvula idiphozi ezinsimbi eziyigugu ezinamathuba anjalo:

• Imali inqunywa yizindleko zalezi zinsimbi emakethe;
• Ayikho imali yokuvula nokugcina i-akhawunti;
• Asikho isidingo sokukhokha i-VAT;
• Ijubane lenkonzo liyimaminithi angu-10.

Okukhethwa kukho okungcono kunazo zonke namuhla isitifiketi sokulondoloza, isilinganiso esingama-11.5% ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, akuhambisani nomshuwalense ophoqelekile.

Omunye umkhiqizo ofanele ukuwubuka uyagcina, onama-9.07%. Ungakwazi ukuvula kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu, ayihlinzeki ngokubuyisela kabusha.

Senza isiphetho: asikho isidingo sokukhokha intela kwidiphithi eSberbank. Amanani kuzo awadluli imingcele evumelekile. Kodwa-ke, ungakhohlwa ukuthi lokhu akusebenzi kuma-deposit ngezinsimbi eziyigugu: kubhadela yonke imali engenayo.

Yini e-Ukraine?

Akukatholakalanga kakhulu e-Ukraine ukwethula intela eyodwa kwidiphozi, okwasusa lowo owedlule, owawuqhubeka.

Manje intela egcinwe e-Ukraine ingu-15%, futhi ikhokhwa yibo bonke abatshalizimali kungakhathaliseki lutho. Ngaphambi kwalokho isilinganiso sasiqhubekela phambili, futhi intela ikhokhelwe uma inani lediphozi lidlula u-UAH 20,000. Ngokukhula kwesamba, izinga libuye landa (kusukela emholweni wediphozi ngaphezu kwe-1 million hryvnia kwakudingeka ukhokhe 25%).

Kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuhlukaniswa kwenani lokulondoloza ezingxenyeni ezincane zokugwema ukukhokha.

I-ejenti yentela, njenge-Russian Federation, ibhange. Uzibala ngokulinganisa inani lentela kusuka kudiphozi yesitokisi, yenza ukuthunyelwa okudingekayo kumgcinimafa. Lezi zenzo zenziwa yibhange ngesikhathi sokuthenga nokukhokha inzalo. Ukuze kugcinwe ukufihlwa kwezimali, isikhungo asikhombisi ekumemezelweni kwentela idatha yedayipenti, inani lediphozi, inzalo ekhishiwe.

Qaphela ukuthi lezi zindlela ezintsha ngeke zithinte amakhadi namakhasimende wamanje, amaphrojekthi eholo.

Dweba iziphetho

Ake sihlele iziphetho eziyinhloko okukhulunywe ngazo ekuqaleni:

• Intshisekelo yokubeka imali isungulwe isikhungo sesikweletu futhi sinqunywe enkontileka. Usomali ngokwakhe ngokwakhe ukhetha ukubheja ngokusekelwe ezifisweni zakhe, amathuba kanye nokunikezwa kwidiphozi.

• I-Central Bank yaseRussia Federation inquma izinga lokuhlenga kabusha. Inquma izinga lesithakazelo lapho linikeza khona amabhange ezentengiselwano. Futhi kusiza ukuthonya ukukhuphuka kwemali.
• Intela emayelana nomuntu ngamunye isungulwa nguhulumeni. Kukhodi Yentela, inqubo yokubala inqunywe. Intela yentela yezwe ibalwa ngesisekelo sama-35%, abangewona izakhamuzi (izakhamuzi zenye izwe) bakhokhela u-30%.

Izintela azifaki ukufaka imali, ngesikhathi sokusayina noma ukwandisa inkontileka, amanani entengo ayizange adlule izinga le-CBR refinancing + amaphesenti amahlanu amaphesenti. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukubhuka ukuthi phakathi nesikhathi sokubalwa kwenzuzo inani lezintshisekelo kwidiphozi alizange landa. Futhi uma kusukela ngosuku lapho izinga elibekwe kwidiphozi liphakeme ngaphezu kwezinga lokunciphisa, landa ngamaphikishi angu-5, kwaphela iminyaka emithathu.