Inkumbulo Isiqophi. Uhlolojikelele amakhadi: Umholi ukusebenza

Kule nkathi lapho yelwati singene cishe yonke imikhakha yempilo, bathola makhulu udumo nekhompyutha imidlalo. Umsebenzisi isilinganiso akusho ikakhulukazi cabanga imininingwane PC yakho, kodwa abadlali zihlale afuna wezinto namandla kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Omunye izingxenye eyinhloko a ihluzo ikhadi, amageyimu abathanda njalo ngifuna izindlela ukwandisa inani lememori vidiyo.

Amapharamitha eyinhloko amakhadi

Yini, eqinisweni, kubaluleke kangaka kuleli yesimanje PC ihluzo ikhadi? Okokuqala, inquma ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya yesithombe esikrinini. Lubhekele lolu umsebenzi amandla i-GPU. Okwesibili, ingxenye iyakwazi ukusekela imidlalo zakamuva. Shader, noma, ngaphezulu nje, firmware kusikisela lensha kanye namabalazwe yesimanje.

Futhi nemingcele ebaluleke ngempela kukhona ukusebenza sivinini sekufundza. Lezi izici ezithonya inani lememori isiqophi esetshenziswa. Kukhona caveat: abakhiqizi ngokuvamile abonakele ucacise e kwemigomo ibalazwe impela eningi inkumbulo, ngaleyo ndlela kwenza amakhasimende. Kodwa eqinisweni lezi zibalo ubheke inani isitoreji sendawo, okuyinto unomthwalo umthamo kwemininingwane alunge kanyekanye. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ongaphakeme lozimele, lesi silinganiso nakanjani asihlobene.

Ikhono adlulisele ulwazi lemali emfushane kunazo isikhathi ephawula idatha ibhasi. nemingcele yayo uhla kusuka izingcezu 32 kuya 512.

Ukuze kwandiswe isibalo lokufakwako ukutjheja kanye ngcono ukukhiqiza usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe wokusungula amakhadi amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Loluhlelo igama SLI futhi Crossfire. Nezixhumi (VGA, DVI, noma yocezuningi) akuphazamisi ukusebenza imidlalo.

Enamandla ngaphezulu ihluzo ikhadi, ukushisa kanye nemandla lukhipha. Ngakho-ke, kufanele sinake ikhwalithi ukupholisa uhlelo izingxenye. Uma ikhadi njalo ebilayo, isithombe sesikrini uzobe ehlanekezelwe futhi ngempela le nto ngokushesha behluleka.

Kuyini inani lemali elincane inkumbulo ividiyo kudingeka nokuthi ungahlanganyela kanjani nabanye imingcele? Ngokuvamile, ochwepheshe batusa ukuba ukhethe ihluzo ikhadi amandla kukhompyutha.

Ivolumu "ngoba Dummies" VRAM

Ukukhetha ngokucophelela abadlala noma ihluzo kudinga uhlobo oluthile art. Kodwa kanjani ukwandisa inani lememori isiqophi umsebenzisi ojwayelekile, hhayi kokubuka kakhulu ngokuthi siyayiqonda le ndaba? Phela, kukhona nhlobo isidingo ukuthenga izixazululo iwuhlelo ngezinkinga zasekhaya - ngempela ashibhe, kodwa onobuhle ezinhle kakhulu.

Kungakanani isiqophi inkumbulo iyadingeka ukugcina izithombe? Bala lokhu ipharamitha kulula, ngisho i umsebenzisi ojwayelekile, okuyinto kude wezibalo noma IT. Ukuze uqale, ukucacisa lemali edingekayo inkumbulo isiqophi for ihluzo imodi. Bala inani lemali elincane ukuba uphindaphinde ububanzi isithombe ukuze obuphelele (ie isinqumo idayagonali) kanye bitmap.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma nemingcele qapha 1920 x 1080, futhi ezivamile izinga umbala - 32 izingcezu, ukukhipha kwepulanka linye isidingo: 1920 x 1080 x 32 = 8.3 MB. Ngokuvamile, ngenani elithandekayo inkumbulo isiqophi kuncike hlobo womsebenzisi.

Ukuze imidlalo ezikrinini amaningi ngesikhathi esifanayo ludinga eliphezulu ihluzo, futhi kufanele baqonde ihluzo ikhadi ngaphezulu. Kunconywa ukuba makudle imikhiqizo abe umthamo ngaphezu 4GB imemori vidiyo. Futhi uma i-computer isetshenziswa izinjongo "yasekhaya" - umsebenzi ehhovisi, ukutadisha, ukubukela amabhayisikobho, imidlalo elula - ivolumu elikhulu 1-2 GB.

I "ubuchopho" amabalazwe

inkumbulo Isiqophi oguqula amasignali ku isithombe, futhi kusiza processor ukucubungula idatha ehlobene ne kumiswa isithombe. It imelela inkumbulo analog siqukethe processor ingcaca kanye chipset. Lokho processor ihluzo noma chip zinquma izici, ukusebenza ukuqina ikhadi ihluzo.

Abaholi emakethe chip yokukhiqiza kukhona AMD Radeon futhi NVIDIA Geforce. imidondoshiya Ikhompyutha cishe neze kunabayeni nomunye. Lenza eliphezulu izilimi, okuyinto hlala 80% yonke ividiyo, uphinde uthengise brand owaziwa: Asus, igigabhaythi, Zotac, Sapphire, MSI.

Ekuqedeni zezitho ingxenye eziningi izinkampani% 20 kuphela, ngakho kakhulu ivelele bengazange basebenze. Ngokuyinhloko, Asus, igigabhaythi, Zotac, Sapphire kanye MSI ukuhlinzeka interface eyengeziwe kanye nokupholisa uhlelo. Ngenxa mncintiswano njalo, intengo ephansi ekupheleni amakhadi ziye kuncipha. Yingakho abasebenzisi njalo ngubani enze operation Okuqukethwe akuzwakali (umsebenzi nge imibhalo, surf web, undemanding umdlalo), onobuhle atholakalayo asezingeni elifanele ngenani lentengo elikahle.

NVIDIA

Sha ukhiqiza hhayi kuphela owaziwa GeForce. NVIDIA futhi ukhiqiza chips Quadro, izimpawu ukhiqizwe kakhulu. chips okunjalo Site umsebenzisi, futhi izinhlelo professional.

Le nkampani futhi ibekwe kahle emakethe amadivayisi ephathekayo. Endaweni ehlukile, ungakhetha NVIDIA Tegra. Inikeza ukumelwa ezinhle sokuqhafaza eziningi Smartphones kanye namanye amadivayisi.

NVIDIA brand kungokwalabo eziningi ubuchwepheshe ezithakazelisayo:

• NVIDIA SLI ikuvumela ukufaka uhlelo olulodwa amaningi ihluzo amakhadi;
• NVIDIA CUDA - isakhiwo uhlelo esekela uhlelo processor Computing;
• NVIDIA 3D Vision Kaka ukusekela kokubili screen 3 futhi ikuvumela ukusebenza 3D-isithombe;
• NVIDIA PhysX SDK angakwazi ukusingatha lo mkhuba ngokomzimba - ukuguqulwa izicubu, uketshezi futhi ukudla okuqinile.

AMD Radeon

Chips AMD Radeon umkhiqizo ofanayo, ngentengo ephansi kuhluke. Abanye abasebenzisi ukuhlukanisa ikhwalithi yesithombe. Image ngenxa Ukuthamba of umbala okungenzeka. Amandla ukusetshenziswa lamakhadi ngezansi, chips AMD Radeon ukushisa kancane.

Phakathi izici ezithakazelisayo AMD Eyefinity ubuchwepheshe bungabonakala, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba ukuxhuma 6 ngabaqaphi kwi ihluzo ikhadi olulodwa. Kuze kube manje, kukhona ngisho ezinye izinhlelo ukuthi zisekelwa ubuchwepheshe sihlanganise-24 nabaqaphi. Minus amakhadi lokhu inkampani ukubhekana izithunzi.

Top amakhadi engcono

Manje wonke umuntu, ngisho i umsebenzisi ongenalwazi iyakwazi ukwandisa inani lememori ividiyo - nje ufake ihluzo kangcono ikhadi. Kodwa kanjani namanje izinqumo ezinhle? Phela, emakethe nje ngokugcwele inala ihluzo izilimi. Kulokhu, nomkhiqizi ngamunye has kokubili ngebuhle nebubi. Ukuze abaholi kule ingxenye yebhizinisi zihlanganisa ASUS, Sapphire, Gigabyte, MSI. imikhiqizo Ngaphansi ethandwa, kodwa kunalokho esikhiqiza asezingeni elifanele - Zotac, Leadtek, PowerColor. Ngaphambilini, le izinkampani bekwi ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukukhiqizwa video amakhadi, kodwa ngenxa namaphutha athile, iningi labo unqume ukukhipha imikhiqizo yabo ngesisekelo eliphezulu amamodeli we abakhiqizi owaziwa.

Isilinganiselwa GPU ukusebenza

Tops uhlu ihluzo amakhadi ukusebenza NVIDIA Titan X imodeli, ukubaluleka izingxenye ohambelana - ezingaphezu kuka $ 1,000. Ngo-top ten, okuyinto ebalulekile, zihlanganisa izindlela zakamuva of sha NVIDIA, endaweni eyodwa kuphela (10) uthatha imodeli Ukuqedwa kwe-AMD Radeon (Radeon Pro Duo). Isilinganiselwa ukusebenza ihluzo amakhadi wenza ngokuvumelana PassMark - G3D Mark.

Winner ukalwe ihluzo izilimi noisiness

Izinga umsindo luncike inani ukushisa okuyinto inike ikhadi ngesikhathi umsebenzi asebenzayo. Abakhiqizi ozama ukwehlisa lesi ngamaphesenti ukufakwa ezahlukene Ukupholisa izinhlelo. It temabhodlela uhlu ihluzo amakhadi ngomsindo ongaphakeme ikhono imodeli 1060 Zotac GeForce GTX AMP! 6GB GDDR5 (izindleko 20 kuya kwezingu-24. Ruble). Futhi kwezinye izinguqulo inkampani Zotac abe ongaphakeme amandla umsindo.

ukusetshenziswa GPUs

Ukuze ngokushesha hhayi bayodumazeka e ukuthenga, udinga ukuba banake ubungako bamandla osebenzisa ikhadi ihluzo. Ikakhulukazi le ndlela okufanele sicabange ngawo uma amandla supply ikhompyutha akuyona inamandla. Ngokuvamile, abakhiqizi ucacise umthamo ubuncane, okuyinto Kunconywa ukusebenza.

Kwezinye onobuhle, kukhona umsebenzi okusindisa. Musa zifa ulandela amaqhinga ukumaketha kanye ukuthenga ikhadi isiqophi amandla kwemvelo. Lolu hlelo kungenzeka lungabi ngisho kudingeke, ngoba konke kuncike kanjani umsebenzisi uya ukusebenza lento.

Phakathi amamodeli eyodwa brand kungenzeka bethola njengoba amakhophi yimpumelelo, futhi isiqophi ikhadi okusezingeni eliphezulu amandla ukusetshenziswa. Nikeza okuthandayo, yebo, iyona into okunezinga eliphansi energy ukusetshenziswa.

Abaholi kanye nemiphumela

Lapho ukhetha ikhadi ihluzo ipharamitha juqu kubasebenzisi eziningi ngokunembile ukusebenza, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba banake ezinye izici. Ukuze uthole amageyimu ikhompyutha inketho enamandla ngempela abahamba phambili ngokuya ngezinqubomgomo intengo nekhwalithi kuyinto STRIX-GTX 1080-8G-Gaming: zibonisa ngokwanele hhayi kuphela ukusebenzisa zonke imidlalo zakamuva, kodwa anele esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Hhayi sibi kakhulu, futhi Dual GTX 1070-8G, ikuvumela ukugijima imidlalo zakamuva at izilungiselelo esiphezulu Ultra.

Umholi ngokuphelele futhi enamandla kunazo ihluzo ikhadi, engatholwa ukudayiswa okwamanje iyona igigabhaythi GV-N1080XTREME W-8GD (ngezansi). Nokho, lokhu imodeli, kanye nokusebenza okusezingeni futhi esaphila iphansana presumptive.

Kokuphakathi ongaphakeme-gaming amakhompyutha kufanele kube okuhle Dual-GTX 1060-3G, STRIX-RX470-4G-Gaming, GTX750TI--PH-2GD5 (esesithombeni) noma MINI-R7360-2G. Lena akubizi ukusebenza high ezahlukeneyo.

Nokho iwuhlelo izixazululo ziyadingeka ngempela abadlala yangempela kuphela, noma labo umsebenzi wakhe lochwepheshe kudinga okusezingeni eliphezulu hardware Ukucaciswa. abasebenzisi abavamile, abachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi wahlanganyela nokuhlela amadokhumenti, surf web, ukubukela itheyiphu ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi noma amafilimu, kuhle ngokwanele, kodwa onobuhle zamanani aphansi. Ziyakwazi 710-1-SL, 710-1-SL-BRK, R7250-2GD5, GT730-2GD5-BRK. Lawa makhadi kuzovumela ngisho ukudlala imidlalo zanamuhla izilungiselelo ubuncane.