Incazelo yetshe lesikhumbuzo eMinin nasePozharsky. Umlando wendalo kanye nomlobi wetshe lesikhumbuzo eMinin nasePozharsky eMoscow

Umlando wezwe kanye nabantu abakwazi ukuhlala emakhasini amancane ezincwadi zokufunda noma ukucabanga okude kwamakhomitha. Kubonakala ngamagama emigwaqweni ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, izakhiwo zezakhiwo zasendulo - izikhumbuzo zokwakha, izikhumbuzo nezithombe zokuhlonipha izinsuku ezithile ezibalulekile kanye nobuntu obuhle. Mayelana nokwakhiwa okunjalo, okuye kwaba ikhadi elivakashelwa laseMoscow, sizokhuluma kule ngqikithi.

Amaqhawe abantu

I-Red Square, i- Kremlin, i-chimes, iCathhedral yaseSt. Basil - izinto eziyinhloko ze-capital, izimpawu zayo. Noma kunjalo, uhlu lwabo aluphelele ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu. Incazelo yetshe lesikhumbuzo eMinin nasePozharsky, ngencazelo eningiliziwe yohlu luni lamaqhawe abantu futhi lidumile, lifakwe kuzo zonke izibonelelo zokuvakasha kanye nezincwadi zokuqondisa eziseduze kwedolobha. Kuyaqondakala. Phela, ukubunjwa okukhulu kakhulu kwezinto eziqoshiwe, okwenziwe ngethusi nethusi, kuye kwavela eduze neKremlin cishe amakhulu amabili eminyaka. Futhi kakade akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngenhliziyo yaseMoscow ngaphandle kwabavikeli bayo abanobuqhawe, njengokungathi ngomlando ngokwawo ubeke lapha iminyaka eminingi ukuvikela ukuthula nokuthula kwezakhamizi. Incazelo yetshe lesikhumbuzo eya eMinin nasePozharsky ngeke ibe nokuqondakala ngaphandle kokuvakasha ezikhathini ezedlule, esikhathini se-Time of Troubles.

Ukubonakala kwetshe lesikhumbuzo

Ukudweba isithombe kuhlanganisa imibono yokuba yisakhamuzi esiphakeme, ukuthanda izwe, ukuqonda komuntu siqu kanye nomsebenzi wamabhilidi ezweni lakubo, okuphefumulela imiboniso yakhe ukwenza i-feat. Amaqhawe alo abamele izakhamuzi zikazwelonke Kuzma Minin noDmitry Pozharsky. Owokuqala ubambe ubude obugcwele, ephonsa isandla sakhe ngokukhululekile, ekhomba ngalesi senzo sokumemeza eMoscow, okumelwe ivikeleke ngokumelene nabahlaseli basePoland. Ubeka inkemba yakhe-umlingani inkemba ukuze abe umholi ohola amabutho empi. Isisekelo setshe lesikhumbuzo sihlotshiswe nge-bas-reliefs.

Izici zezithombe

Incazelo yetshe lesikhumbuzo eMinin nasePozharsky lithi isibalo seMinin siheha ukunakwa kuqala. Yakha isikhungo se-semantic sesikhumbuzo. Ngesenzo sakhe esidumile, u-Kuzma ubiza isizwe sonke - hhayi kuphela abantu abaphila ngesikhathi esifanayo, kodwa nezizukulwane ezizayo - ukuvikela izwe laseBlandland kunoma yikuphi ukuxoshwa kokuzimela kwayo.

Ubuso obuqhoshayo bukhumbuza izici ezicacile zezici zezingqimba zasendulo. Kodwa intshebe nezinwele ezihlotshiswe nge "brace" zikhomba ngokucacile isiRussia, isiqalo somuntu weqhawe. Ihembe lakhe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokucacile i-kosovorotka ekhulile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lihlobene ne-chiton yesiGreki. Ngakho-ke, incazelo yetshe lesikhumbuzo eya eMinin nasePozharsky isekelwe emasikweni amakhulu aseRashiya nasendulo. Lokhu kuqhubekisela phambili ukuphakamisa i-heroes yabantu. Kuyisici ukuthi kwakuyi-commoner, umuntu wedolobhana, owakhethwa ngumdwebi ngesisekelo sokwakheka. I-torso enamandla, isinyathelo esibanzi - konke ukukhukhuma ngamandla, amandla, ukuphefumulelwa, ukuqiniseka ngokufaneleka kwecala, egameni lakhe leli qhawe lavuka ukulwa. Isikhumbuzo seMinin nePozharsky sesilungisiwe, futhi isici sesibili sokwakhiwa kubalulekile njengoba kunjalo. UNdunankulu uDmitry Mikhailovich walimala, kodwa isikhalazo sikaMinin asishiyi lutho. UPozharsky uvuka ebhedeni, isandla esisodwa sithatha inkemba, esinye sithembele esihlalweni. Izenzo zakhe nazo zinamandla, intando nokuzimisela zizwa ezandleni zakhe. Futhi isithombe soMsindisi esihlangu siqinisekisa ubungcwele bobuqhawe babaphikisi baseMoscow naseRussia. Inkemba esithombeni ayiyona nje isikhali, kodwa futhi isibonakaliso sobuqhawe bezempi, ubumbano lwezinhloso nezinhloso zabalingiswa, kuvusa ukuqonda kwabantu ngesikhathi sokuhlupheka nezinkathi zempi.

I-bas bas-relief yokuqala

Umbhali wetshe lesikhumbuzo eMinin nasePozharsky ngumdwebi u-Ivan Martos. Wahlobisa isisekelo somsebenzi wakhe ngamabhasi ama-two allegorical bas-reliefs. I-faculty ikhuluma ngendlela iMinin eqoqa ngayo iminikelo ebuthweni labantu. Umlobi wabonisa abesifazane abanosizi futhi abahloniphekile abakuKoeshniks - abesifazane abakhulukazi nabafana abafana, abazinikeza izidingo zabo ebuthweni. Amathembo abo okuguqa afana nobungcwele besenzo. Gcwalisa umbono wesibalo samadoda. Lona nguyise onika ibutho amadodana amabili. Isakhiwo esinjalo asizange senziwe ngokungenangqondo nguMartos. Isikhumbuzo seMinin nePozharsky sidumisa esinye isisetshenziswa sezikhali zaseRussia - iMpi yePatriotic ye-1812. Ekulongweni u-Kutuzov walwa futhi wafa omunye wamadodana omdwebi. Ebonisa isimo sesibusiso sabazali, umbhali wetshe lesikhumbuzo ugcizelela ukuxhuma okungokomoya nokuqhubeka kwezizukulwane, amasiko ahloniphekile weqhawe. Ngaphezulu kwe-bas-relief relief ibhalwe ngumbhalo wokubonga.

Ukusekelwa kokubili kwesibili

Umdwebi wesibili wesisekelo sokuthungatha isikhumbuzo seMin and Pozharsky. Wachaza iziqephu zezimpi zebutho laseRussia eliholwa yinkosana ihhashi lakhe elinyathelwa ngamaphiko amasosha asePoland. Labo baphuthuka besaba futhi babuke emuva emabuthaneni abanobuqili, agxile futhi aqinile. Lokhu kubonisa ukukhululwa eMoscow. Lokhu kunqamuleka, njengokwedlule, kunamandla amaningi, ukuvezwa nokuqiniseka okubalulekile. Kodwa, ngokugcizelela isisekelo sabantu abanesibindi samaRussia, uMartos usalokhu ebeka izigcawu zangaphambili zomnikelo wokuqoqa.

Isizinda Esimlando

Futhi manje amazwi ambalwa ngalokho okushiwo khona isikhumbuzo eMinin nasePozharsky. UMoscow waqala ngekhulu le-17 leminyaka. Isikhathi esibucayi, njengoba babebizwa ngegama lomlando waseRussia. Ngemva kokufa kuka-Ivan the Terrible noBoris Godunov, leli zwe, elibuthakathaka ngama-boyar intrigues esihlalweni sobukhosi namandla, laliyisinkwa esihlwabusayo izitha: i-Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, abaseSweden namaJalimane. Futhi nakuba ukuhlasela kwabo kokuqala, okuholwa nguFalsdmitry, kwaphela ekunqobeni, ukuthula nokuthula akuzange kufike ezweni laseRussia. I-1610 yayiyingxenye yokushintsha kulo mzabalazo. Lapho, "eSemiboyar", amasango eMoscow avulekile ngaphambi kokuba amaPoles nesivumelwano asayinwe ukuze abize uVladislav Sigismundovich embusweni, iMinin noPozharsky bahlanganisa abantu, bahlela impi futhi basindisa i-Fatherland. Owokuqala waqoqa izimali zebutho laseRussia, owesibili wahola abantu baseRussia, bahola empini. Iminyaka engaba ngu-3 yempi ejulile yanyiswa ukunqoba kwezikhali zaseRussia. I-Russia igcinwe.

Umlando wetshe lesikhumbuzo

Umbono ozoba khona ekubukeni inkumbulo yokukhululwa kweRussia kusukela ekuhlaselweni kwePoland kungokwamalungu e-"Free Society of Lovers Literature, Science and Arts". Ngo-1803, bahlela iqoqo leminikelo lesikhumbuzo. Ekuqaleni, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kwakufakwe eNizhny Novgorod, izwe lakubo. U-Emperor Alexander wamukela lo mbono futhi wakhipha isimemezelo ngazo zonke izindlela ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi. Phakathi kwabaphikisi abaveze izinguqulo zabo zesikhumbuzo, ngokuqinisekile uMartos wayenqobile. Uma sicabanga ngokubaluleka okukhulu kwalowo msebenzi, ubuqunyiwe ngomyalo ophakeme kakhulu wokusetha ukwakheka eMoscow, naseNizhny Novgorod - i-obelisk eyenziwe nge-marble. Ngemuva kokunqoba empini ka-1812, ukubaluleka komsebenzi kwanda nakakhulu. Lapho isikhumbuzo sasivulwa, kwaqanjwa umkhosi wamabutho. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, futhi uhlobisa uMoscow - isikhumbuzo sokuqala eRussia ngokuhlonipha abantu-abavukeli!