Impahla eyinhloko izingxenyana zaso. Regulations. Impahla main kwamafrakshini algebraic

Ekhuluma izibalo, omunye singakhohlwa ingxenyenamba. Isifundo sabo ikhokhwe a lot of ukunakwa kanye nesikhathi. Khumbula bangaki izibonelo unquma ukufunda imithetho ethile ngokusebenzisana amafraktjhini, kufanele sikhumbule futhi sisebenzise amafraktjhini eziyisisekelo impahla. Bangaki nezinzwa wayichitha ukuthola zifana, ikakhulukazi uma kwakukhona izibonelo ezengeziwe matemu amabili!

Masikhumbule ukuthi, futhi kancane ibhulashi up on izisekelo kanye nemithetho ngokusebenzisana izingxenyana zaso.

Ukunqunywa amafraktjhini

Ake uqale nge ebaluleke kakhulu - ukuzimisela. Ingxenyenamba - inombolo ukuthi siqukethe eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ezingxenyeni iyunithi. Ingxenyenamba eqoshiwe nezinombolo amabili ngezintambo ezinqamula slash efanayo ovundlile. I engenhla (noma kuqala) iyona numerator kanye ephansi (wesibili) - Iningi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zifana kubonisa ukuthi bangaki izingxenye iyunithi lahlukana lakha numerator - isibalo ukwabelana kuthathwe noma izingxenye. Ngokuvamile, izingxenyana zegazi, uma ziyiqiniso, engaphansi.

Manje ake sibheke izindawo lezi zinombolo kanye nemithetho eyisisekelo ezisetshenziswa uma usebenza nabo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sihambe sizohlaziya into efana "impahla eziyisisekelo zokusebenzisa izingxenyana zegazi okunengqondo", ngeke ukhulume izinhlobo amafraktjhini nezici zabo.

Yiziphi amafraktjhini

izinhlobo eziningana izinombolo kungathiwa. Eyokuqala ezivamile futhi ledesimali. Eyokuqala kakade wathi contact hlobo ukurekhoda inombolo okunengqondo usebenzisa ovundlile noma isleshi. Eyesibili uhlobo amafraktjhini okhonjiswe okuthiwa ukuqoshwa positional lapho inkomba okokuqala inamba ingxenye bese, ngemuva ukhefana likhombisa wamaqhuzu ingxenye.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izibalo oyisebenzise kokubili idesimali netincetu letetayelekile. Impahla main kwamafrakshini ngesikhathi esifanayo kuvumeleke kuphela ukhetho lwesibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, letetayelekile isehlane izinombolo okulungile nokungalungile. Esikhathini numerator sokuqala esingaphansi zifana. Phawula futhi ukuthi le ngxenyana yesakhi segazi ingaphansi koyedwa. I amafraktjhini okungafanele ephambene - numerator phezu zifana, lona angaphezu kwelilodwa. Kanjalo umuntu angakwazi ukuba ukhethe yinombolo. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa amafraktjhini abavamile nje.

izakhiwo kwamafrakshini

Noma yimuphi mkhuba, amakhemikhali, ngokomzimba noma zezibalo, has izici zayo siqu kanye izakhiwo. Ayikho ngaphandle, kanye nezinombolo wamaqhuzu. Sinenkosi sici esisodwa esibalulekile ngawo imisebenzi ethile engenziwa kubo. Uyini impahla eyinhloko nezingxenyana zegazi? Umthetho uthi uma numerator kanye Iningi iyanda noma ihlukaniswe ngenani elifanayo okunengqondo, sizofika shot entsha, ukubaluleka okuyinto ilingana yasekuqaleni. Okungukuthi, landa inani amabili ayingxenye 3/6 2, sithola ingxenyenamba entsha 6/12, futhi bayalingana.

Kususelwa kule impahla, kungenzeka ukunciphisa ingxenyenamba, kanye denominators ezivamile ukhethe pair ethile izinombolo.

imisebenzi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lo ingxenyenamba kubonakale kithi more xaka kuqhathaniswa izinombolo ezilula, nabo ungase futhi enze eziyisisekelo imisebenzi zezibalo ezifana kwalokho futhi ukukhupha, ukubuyabuyelela nokuhlukanisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona isinyathelo esiqondile, ezifana ekunciphiseni izingxenyana zaso. Ngokwemvelo, ngamunye lezi zenzo wenziwa ngokuvumelana nemithetho ethile kuphela. Ulwazi le mithetho kwenza kube lula ukusebenza enamafrakshini, kwenza kube lula futhi mnandi. Yingakho siqhubeka cabanga nawe imithetho eyisisekelo futhi algorithm yezenzo lapho sisebenzelana izinombolo ezinjalo.

Kodwa ngaphambi ukhuluma ngani ezifana imisebenzi zezibalo ezifana nekususa, sichaza eyohlinzwa ezifana ukuletha zifana. Samane akwenza, futhi ulwazi oluwusizo, isakhiwo esiyisisekelo kwamafrakshini khona.

zifana

Ukuze ngilethe inamba zifana, okokuqala udinga ukuthola okuncane kokuphinda okuvamile kwe-denominators ezimbili. Lokho inombolo encane kunazo zonke ukuthi uyahlukaniswa ngu kokubili zihilela ezimbili benganakwa muntu. Indlela elula ukukhetha LCM (okuncane kokuphinda okuvamile) - ebhaliwe ephuma e umugqa zesi okwesikhathi zihilela okukodwa ke wesibili bathola phakathi kwabo inombolo umdlalo. Esimweni ukuthi NOC ayitholakali, okungukuthi, lezi zinombolo ungenalo amaningi ezivamile inombolo okufanele ngibandise, futhi ukubaluleka okuholela kubhekwa i NOC.

Ngakho sathola NOCs manje kufanele uthole isici eyengeziwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, esikhundleni salokho ihlukaniswe NOC denominators ulobe inombolo ngamunye kubo wathola umhlaba. Ngokulandelayo, uphindaphinde numerator kanye Iningi yi okuholela Okuphindaphinda ezengeziwe nokuqopha imiphumela njengoba shot entsha. Uma ukungabaza ukuthi uye wathola inombolo elingana basakhumbula eziyisisekelo amafraktjhini impahla.

Ngaphezu

Manje uqhubeke ngqo imisebenzi zezibalo ku izinombolo wamaqhuzu. Ake uqale nge kakhulu elula. Kunezindlela eziningana ongakhetha kuzona amafraktjhini kwalokho. Esimweni sokuqala kokubili izinombolo ube zihilela efanayo. Esimweni esinjalo, kungaba kuphela eligoqiwe ndawonye numerators. Kodwa zihilela akashintshi. Ngokwesibonelo, 1/5 + 3/5 = 4/5.

Esimweni lapho kukhishwa nezingxenyana ezithile denominators ezahlukene, kufanele uwalethe Imininingwane, bese kuphela ukwenza kwalokho. Indlela ukukwenza, thina adiliza ethe xaxa. Kulesi simo, ningabambisana nje singaba usizo kabi eziyisisekelo amafraktjhini impahla. Rule esingabulethela inamba zifana. Inani akashintshi.

Kungenjalo, kungase kwenzeke ukuthi ingxenyenamba okuxubile. Khona-ke kufanele uqale eligoqiwe phakathi yingxenye yalo lonke, futhi-ke izingxenyana zaso.

ukubuyabuyelela

Ukubuyabuyelela kwamafrakshini aludingi namaqhinga, futhi ukuze enze lesi senzo, kudingeka ukwazi eziyisisekelo amafraktjhini impahla. Engingakusho lokuqala nande numerators oxhumene futhi denominators. Umkhiqizo we numerator kuyoba numerator entsha kanye zihilela - the zihilela entsha. Njengoba ubona, lutho nzima.

Into kuphela okufanele ukwenze - ulwazi etafuleni ukubuyabuyelela, kanye nokunakekela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokuthola imiphumela, qiniseka ukuhlola uma ungehlisa le nombolo noma cha. Ukuze ufunde indlela yokunciphisa ingxenyenamba, sizochaza kamuva.

Ukuhlanganisa nokukhupha

Buciko ukukhupha kwamafrakshini, kufanele aqondiswe imithetho efanayo for the kwalokho. Ngakho, izibalo kanye zihilela efanayo kusukela numerator we encishisiwe ngokwanele ukuthatha numerator subtrahend. Kuleso simo, uma kuziwa denominators ezahlukene, kufanele kuholele jikelele bese akhiphe ukusebenza. Njengoba ecaleni obufanayo kwalokho, uzodinga ukusebenzisa izakhiwo eziyisisekelo zokusebenzisa izingxenyana zegazi algebraic, kanye namakhono yokungatholi NOC nezinto ezivamile yamafrakshini.

division

Futhi zokugcina, ukusebenza ezithakazelisayo kakhulu lapho ukusebenza ngezinombolo ezifana - division. Akuve elula akubangi nobunzima ngisho kulabo abaqondi kahle indlela ukusebenza enamafrakshini, ngokukhethekile ukuze bafeze imisebenzi kokuhlanganisa nokukhupha. Lapho sokuhlukanisa umthetho uba ukubuyabuyelela nge ingxenyenamba ephambene. Impahla main kwamafrakshini, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-ukuphindaphinda, ezihilelekile kulo msebenzi ngeke. Ake sihlole ngokuningiliziwe.

Lapho sokuhlukanisa integers idividendi uhlala ingashintshiwe. Ingxenyenamba-idabula uphendulela in okuphambene, ie, numerator ezindaweni zihilela inkinobho. Ngemva le nombolo sanda ndawonye.

ukunciphisa

Ngakho, siye kakade adiliza yencazelo begodu nesakhiwo amafraktjhini, izinhlobo zabo, imithetho kokusebenza izinombolo idatha, uthole impahla eziyisisekelo zokusebenzisa izingxenyana zegazi Aljibhra. Manje ake sixoxe eyohlinzwa ezifana nokuncipha. Ukuncipha kwe-ingxenyenamba yinqubo ukuguqulwa yayo - division of the numerator kanye Iningi ngenani elifanayo. Ngakho, ingxenyenamba kuyehla, ngaphandle kokushintsha impahla yayo.

Ngokuvamile lapho wenza msebenzi zezibalo kufanele uzihlolisise ngesikhathi yi etholwe umphumela futhi ukunquma ukuthi ukunciphisa ingxenyenamba okuholela, noma mhlawumbe hhayi. Khumbula ukuthi umphumela wokugcina njalo ebhaliwe akudingi ukunciphisa wamaqhuzu.

neminye imisebenzi

Ekugcineni, siphawula ukuthi siye ohlwini, hhayi yonke imisebenzi ngezinombolo wamaqhuzu, wabala kuphela kunazo owaziwa futhi kudingekile. Izingxenyana Ungase futhi alinganayo, ukuguqula libe idesimali, noHezekeli. Kodwa kulesi sihloko ngeke cabangela le misebenzi kanye mathematics, benza ingasaphathwa ukudlula lezo banikwa yithi ngenhla.

okutholakele

Sizokwenza ukukhuluma izinombolo wamaqhuzu kanye nokusebenza nabo. Siphinde sahlaziya impahla eziyisisekelo zokusebenzisa izingxenyana zegazi, ekunciphiseni izingxenyana zaso. Kodwa uqaphele ukuthi zonke lezi zinkinga ayebhekiswe yithi ekumisweni. Sinike imithetho kunazo owaziwa futhi baqashwe kuphela, wanika ezibaluleke kakhulu, ngokombono wethu, iseluleko.

Lesi sihloko senzelwe kunalokho ukuze uvuselele ulwazi ukhohlwe ngokuphathelene nezingxenyana wena, kunokuba unikeze ulwazi olusha kanye "amaphuzu" inhloko imithetho engapheli amafomula, okuyinto, cishe, awuzange singaba usizo kabi.

Sithemba ukuthi into okusesihlokweni esithi nje futhi ngamafuphi, baba usizo kuwe.