Iminyaka Engu-anyanisi: zinhlobo ezikhulayo. Iminyaka Engu-anyanisi phezu imifino

Ngaphezu itheniphu evamile, ezindaweni balimi yasekhaya avame ukubonakala futhi ewusizo kakhulu umnsalo eside. Kuyinto lolu hlobo kuvula Vitamin entwasahlobo isizini ukukhulula amaqabunga ayo eluhlaza cishe ngowokuqala ngqa engadini. Izici esikhethekile eside anyanisi akunakubangelwa ngokuyinhloko ekunakekeleni lula futhi ukhiqizwe kakhulu.

izici Jikelele

Lesitshalo anyanisi zisetshenziswa, kukhona eziningana. Yiqiniso, bona, njenganoma iyiphi enye izitshalo yemifino zidinga ngenkasa, tillage kanye ukuvundiswa. Nokho, ngokuvamile, ukubanakekela nhlobo ezahlukene kusukela ukunakekelwa esivamile onion-Repka. Izitshalo is ezihlobene, umehluko phakathi kwabo eqinisweni akukungakanani. Itheniphu nezinye unyaka etshalwa ikakhulu ngoba ama ezinkulu kanye namanzi. Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi watshala ensimini for leaf - phezu imifino. Lesi sakamuva ngokuvamile ukusika izikhathi 2-3 inkathi ngayinye.

Isici kuphela ezivamile neminsalo multi is kwenza kwaba nesidingo esikhulu izinga inhlabathi. izitshalo ezifana abatshalwé ikakhulu loamy kanye loam sandy nenhlabathi izakhamzimba. Asidi kwenhlabathi kulokhu kumelwe alethwe eduze hlangothi. Uma lesi sibalo 5.5, phansi isivele kudingekile ukwenza lime.

Ngezinye izikhathi umnsalo eside futhi agqoke nenhlabathi sandy. Nokho, nenhlabathi ezifana izitshalo akhiqiza eziningi sifanamsindvo unganikeli isivuno esihle kakhulu amahlamvu.

Endaweni efanayo anyanisi eside ngokuvamile likhula iminyaka 2-4. Khona-ke kudingeka itshalwe kabusha, ngoba ikhwalithi zasemazweni iqala buba bubi nakakhulu. Ipeni akuyona engajulile kuphela kodwa futhi ilahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwako isici ocebile.

zinhlobo

Izinhlobonhlobo anyanisi zisetshenziswa, ngeshwa, ukuboniswa kancane kakhulu. Kodwa zilwane zakhe lapho nje lenqwaba. Kuze kube manje, miningi kunesihlabathi 600. Kodwa-ke, i-izivande namahlathi etshalwa cha bonke of them. Okuvame kakhulu kanti adumile zalezi zinhlobo eside anyanisi njengoba:

• Welsh;
• tiered;
• chives;
• elimnandi;
• Slizunov.

onion Welsh

Lolu hlobo usuthandwa ezweni lethu muva. Batuna okwazalelwa kuyinto China. Kuleli zwe, namanje wathola ngisho endle. ethandwa kakhulu ngomnsalo eside eMongolia, eKorea nase-Vietnam. Kwenye indlela libizwa ngokuthi "ebusika", "isihlabathi", "fistular".

I kokumethemba kangcono lokhu onion - utamatisi, amazambane, iklabishi kanye ukhukhamba. Welsh batshala ngokuvamile nenhlabathi olumanzi (akukho yokujama tsi amanzi). Land ngaphambi kokutshala mba ku ngehalavu insabule.

Khulisa endaweni efanayo zilwane ingenye, emibili noma emithathu. Emacaleni ezimbili zokuqala, u-anyanisi Welsh utshalwe entwasahlobo (kusenesikhathi). Lapho imibhede ukutshala oneminyaka emithathu seeded kusukela maphakathi no-ihlobo kuze Okthoba.

Indlela yokutshala Welsh onion

Ukuze kusheshiswe ukuhluma kwezinhlobo imbewu lokhu isiko ngokuvamile ofakwe amahora 24. Phakathi naleso sikhathi ukuphatha sikhukhumale ezinhle. Amanzi sifakwe emanzini 2-3 izikhathi ushintsho. Ngemva ukuvuvukala imbewu lakhishwa esosweni yomiswa.

Ukutshala anyanisi ekhiqizwa emibhedeni kahle emigqeni emibili kuya kweziyisithupha. Bury imbewu enhlabathini ukuze 1-2 amasentimitha. Ibanga phakathi emigqeni futhi izitshalo ngabanye kufanele ibe mayelana 18-20 cm.

Ukunakekela anyanisi batun kuyinto ukuthambisa gqwa zalisa. Okokuqala engadini umhlabathi entwasahlobo avundiswa ngaphambi ekutshaleni imbewu. zisebenzisa Ngakho umquba. Ngemva kwalokho, yokudla Kwenziwa emva ngamunye ahlabayo esibayeni. Kulokhu, i sigqoka esihle salokhu uzobe buhlanjululwe ngamanzi mullein. Kuhle kakhulu eside onion Welsh abuye aphendvule nomlotha isixazululo. Ngokuvamile, ayakhala sezihlahla akudingekile. Umhlabathi ngaphansi isitshalo ukuthi ngokuvamile oswakanyiswe ngesikhathi yesomiso esathatha isikhathi eside kuphela. Kwakheka emva kwemvula uqweqwe ikhefu hala.

Ukudla amaqabunga anyanisi ingasetshenziswa emva kokuba afinyelele a ukuphakama 10-15 cm. Izitshalo bafa ngasesinqeni, kusale imicibisholo ezimbili noma ezintathu kwi imbewu. Emva kwesikhashana kukhule amaqabunga emuva futhi. Ngenkathi ungathola kusukela Welsh onion sokuvuna 2-3.

Tiered anyanisi zisetshenziswa

Lolu hlobo inesimiso engavamile kakhulu. Tiered umnsalo akukuniki imbewu. Ngakho-ke, it is okusakazwa vegetatively kuphela. Esikhundleni imbewu inflorescence ngamunye ikhula 2-3 izingqimba ama ezincane emoyeni. Batshala nabo phansi ngokushesha ngemva kokuvuna, njengoba abe mpofu kakhulu ukugcinwa izinga. Kwesinye umnsalo multi-tiered ubizwa nangokuthi "esindayo bukhoma", "Horny" futhi "yaseGibhithe". Amahlamvu kwadingeka fistular eziyize, singafinyelela ubude 50 cm.

Ngokungafani onion Welsh, onion izinhlobo ukuthi akudingeki isikhathi ithule. Ihamba baqala ukwakha, namanje phezu isitshalo umzali. Izici esikhethekile kule nguqulo zihlanganisa kuhlanganise zokuqala zokukhula nokuvuthwa. Ukukhishwa amaqabunga ayo emhlabathini bay bow ngisho nangaphambi onion Welsh.

Izici kulinywe

Ukunakekela zilwane silula futhi. Ukuze zikhule anyanisi kungenziwa tiered futhi njengoba yonyaka, futhi njengoba zisetshenziswa. Ukuze uthole oluhlaza ngonyaka ozayo, umoya ama kudingeka itshalwe ehlobo kuya maphakathi no-Agasti. Entwasahlobo izitshalo ezidla a ephelele amaminerali Umanyolo.

Ngomnyaka wesithathu emva ukusika anyanisi ngempela bulbochek tiered mncane out, ihlukanisa ama indodakazi. Lesi sakamuva ingasetshenziswa njengoba zokutshala impahla.

anyanisi elimnandi

Ikhaya ukuba lolu hlobo, kanye batuna kukhona eMongolia naseChina. Kwesinye onion amnandi futhi ngokuthi eSiberia, futhi "garlic Chinese". Kwenye indawo ikhule iminyaka 4-5. Ukudla, nezinye anyanisi eside, kufanele asetshenziswa amahlamvu elimnandi. Ama zalesi sitshalo akanayo value commercial. Amahlamvu singafinyelela ubude 25-40 cm.

Indlela yokutshala

Phindaphinda lokhu umnsalo can kokubili vegetatively futhi imbewu. Endaweni encane ngokuvamile isetshenziswa indlela yokuqala. Nale ndlela isivuno ingatholakala kakade ngonyaka ofanayo. Imbewu asetshenziswa kakhulu kancane njalo, ngoba izitshalo ezitshalwe ngale ndlela, ukuthuthukisa kancane kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, kwakhiwa njalo isihlahla amahlamvu esihle kakhulu 5-6 kuphela.

Kufanele okokuqala yenza organic noma iyiphi indlela wokutshala embhedeni umquba amaminerali. Imbewu zisetshenziswa onion izinhlobo ukuthi abatshalwé imigqa, ibanga elibahlukanisile kufanele kube ngu-35 amasentimitha. Umhlabathi bamngcwaba 2 cm. Thatha imbewu kungaba kuphela ezimbili kanye nonyaka emithathu isitshalo.

Azonakekela anyanisi elimnandi silula. Seedbed kumele ngezikhathi ukhula. Ngemva akhronimi esigabeni ngasinye elachithwa isixazululo mullein. ama period ithule balolusiko akudingeki, futhi kungenziwa utshalwe kabusha cishe noma nini.

Allium nutans

Lolu hlobo libhekene amahlamvu flat eside futhi zingakhula endaweni eyodwa iminyaka 1-2. Allium nutans ubizwa nangokuthi "sawo" noma "yezindlala". Sici Its esiwuphawu akuyona ukunambitheka okunoshukela kakhulu futhi kancane mnene kunalaba abanye amahlamvu zilwane. Endle likhula anyanisi e Mongolia futhi Transbaikalia. It is atholakala Altai Mountains. Lona mhlawumbe esiphundu kunazo zonke izinhlobo ezaziwayo okwamanje eside anyanisi. Ibanga, ngeshwa, abambalwa kakhulu. I kunazo owaziwa futhi lidumile abalimi bendawo Green siyakhuthazeka ngochwepheshe Timiryazev Academy.

kulinywe

Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi Allium nutans ukhetha nenhlabathi olumanzi hlangothi. Kungaba itshalwe kanye izindawo engenisa ukukhanya kwelanga futhi umthunzi ngokwengxenye. Okusakazwa Yena vegetatively noma imbewu. Esimweni sokuqala eside zokutshala onion Slizunov akhiqizwa kwentwasahlobo noma ngasekupheleni July. ukujula zokutshala lincane kakhulu - mayelana 1.5 cm phakathi imigqa ushiye 70 cm phakathi kwezitshalo -.. 20 cm I kokumethemba kangcono isiko ezibhekwa iklabishi, ulethisi, i-parsley, dill.

Fed umnsalo kanye nazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zisetshenziswa: entwasahlobo emva ukusika amahlamvu. Isivuno kuvuna in isizini 3-4.

onion chives

Isici esiyinhloko lolu hlobo umncane kakhulu hhayi isikhathi eside kakhulu, amahlamvu ijabulise. Ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala anyanisi chives uqala legatsha futhi ukunika 50-100 amahlumela. Esikhathini ukudla washisa njengoba amahlamvu zalesi sitshalo futhi ama yayo yamanga namanzi. Ezweni lethu avame esekhulile laseSiberia Altai noma chives (frost ukumelana anyanisi zisetshenziswa). Izinhlobonhlobo eBohemia, Chemal noju isitshalo ngesikhathi esifanayo phakathi ethandwa kakhulu.

Izici kulinywe

Ngokungafani izinhlobo eziningi eside u-anyanisi, chives ngempela undemanding nenhlabathi kwengoma. Hhayi kahle kakhulu likhula kuphela lapho inhlabathi kakhulu avimbekile ukhula zisetshenziswa nge uhlelo impande athuthukiswe kahle. Imbewu unika kancane, kodwa ngoba iningi ke okusakazwa vegetatively. Kulokhu, sezihlahla umane yizinqamu, kusale ngamunye 8-10 ama. Izitshalo zitshalwa emigqeni, phakathi Okuseleyo ibanga cm 30.

Imbewu ezihlwanyelwe ekuqaleni kuka May noma Julayi. Ukuze kusheshiswe ukuhluma kwezinhlobo ofakwe yabo kuqala bese ngobumnene omisiwe.

Khulisa lokhu onion zisetshenziswa phezu imifino, usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe silula. Zonke udinga ukuthola isivuno esihle - ukuthambisa gqwa ukuvundiswa futhi hoeing futhi thinning. Zalisa le umnsalo ngokuvamile kanye isizini ngayinye - e Phakathi nehlobo. Isici esiphawulekayo zilwane amanzi-onothando. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uyophuziswa njalo. Kungenjalo zagrubeyut namaqabunga ulahlekelwe ukunambitheka kwabo emnandi. Moisturize inhlabathi ngaphansi isitshalo lokhu izikhathi 3-5 ngesikhathi yokukhula.

Thinned onion chives, uthome ngomnyaka wokuqala zokutshala. Njengoba otshanini, abasebenza ngazo kulo okufanele ukuba bakwenze imbewu, amahlamvu awudalelwanga. Ngamanye impahla ukutshala lincane kakhulu.

Indlela sikhule ngo-anyanisi ende imifino ebusika

Zonke izinhlobo ze-computer ezingenhla mahle ziphuzo zazihluzwa phakathi nenkathi ebandayo. Izimpaphe anyanisi zisetshenziswa aqukethe eningi amavithamini. Kulokhu, kanye ukunambitheka bona ukudlula ngisho anyanisi. Batshala Turf wabo. Lokho ehlathini umbe ulwahlukanise zibe yizicucu eziningana, ushiya izwe ngangokunokwenzeka. I Turf onion chives kufanele kube bulblets angu-30, ngezinye Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi - 3-5. Amahlamvu, uma kwenzeka ukuthi bengakabi ashwabene, unqunyiwe. uzilungiselele Ngakho wapheka egcinwe endaweni epholile kuze ngoNovemba noma ngoDisemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, baba zidluliselwa emgqonyeni lelungiselelwe. Izimbiza ukuze ziphuzo zazihluzwa of eside anyanisi kumele okungenani ibe 15 cm. Ngezansi yabo wathela ukukhanya enhlabathini evundile ungqimba 10-12 cm. Khona-ke ukuzibizela wapheka futhi kancane ufafaza nabo phezulu.

Uma phezu uyohluma imbiza anyanisi idluliselwe baphumela sill iwindi. Ngokuvamile, nisela izitshalo akudingekile. Fed bow iminyaka eminingi, ukutshala lapho sill - inqubo elula, izikhathi eziningana phakathi isixazululo ebusika ababuthakathaka urea (1 g ngalinye 1 litre amanzi). Lokhu kuvumela uhlelo isivuno sasiyoba sikhulu.

Njengoba ubona, isiko ungaphakathi ukunakekelwa linesizotha kakhulu - umnsalo eside. Khulisa ke ehlobo noma ngisho ebusika cishe ngeke ngisho wensimu ongenalwazi ngokuphelele. Phela, konke okudingekayo ukuze zithele kahle izitshalo ewusizo - ngesikhathi lokufeza wokunisela, ukuvundisa tillage.