Imant, i-apple-tree: incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nesithombe

Ukuthenga i-apula ngesihlahla, wonke umuntu ufuna ukuthola umuthi okhula ngokushesha, unyaka ngamunye unikeza isivuno esikhulu sezithelo ezimnandi. Kumele kube ngokumelene nezifo ezihlukahlukene ngangokunokwenzeka. Lona umuthi we-apula we-Imant. Uyathokozisa abathandayo lesi sithelo iminyaka eyishumi nengxenye. Kutalwa izithelo okumnandi, ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukumelana nezifo.

Izidingo ze-apula izihlahla

Kunamakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zama-apula. Kodwa abalimi bayaqhubeka nokusebenza ekudaleni ezintsha. Ziziphi izimfanelo abafuna ukuzenza? Yini enganelisekanga ngezinhlobo zazo ezitholakalayo?

Eminyakeni yamuva, isimo sezulu sesishintshile ngokuphawulekayo. Izifo eziningana ezibangelwa amagciwane ezithinta izihlahla zezithelo ngaphambili, manje ziye zaqina kakhulu. Ngakho-ke abalimi bakhetha izinhlobo eziphikisana nezifo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ungasebenzisi imizamo eyengeziwe yokulwa nabo. Phela, lokhu yizindleko ezengeziwe zezinto ezibonakalayo, inkathazo. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kaningi kwamakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukulwa nezifo, akudingekile ukukhuluma ngokuhambisana kwemvelo yemikhiqizo. Ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa okuvamile akunakwenziwa, futhi izihlahla noma izitshalo zilahlekile.

Inani elikhulu ekukhetheni ezihlukahlukene kufanele linikezwe ekugcineni izithelo. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi ebusika nasezinhlobonhlobo zasebusika.

Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlobo eziphezulu ze-immunity

Izingadi zaseBelrusrus, izwe lomdabu wase-apula lomthi we-Imant, lihlupheka kakhulu ngesikhumba. Lokhu kungenxa yezimo eziphawulekayo zesimo sezulu: umswakama ophezulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi-abakhiqizi beBelNII banakekelwa kakhulu ekususweni kwama-high-immune specimens, bengakhohlwa ukuvuthwa kwezithelo.

Babebandakanya inani elikhulu labanikeli abakwazi ukumelana nesikhumba ngesikhathi sokudala izinhlobo ezintsha. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka, ososayensi baseBelarusian baye bahlaziya izithombo ezimbili zezigidi. Ngenxa yalokho, yibo kuphela abaphikisana nalesi sifo okhethiwe. Kulezi, izivuno eziphezulu zikhethiwe.

Incazelo yokuhlukahluka

Yablonya Imant (isithombe kulesi sihloko) - ezinhlobonhlobo zezimnyi ezihlukahlukene. Iphumelela ngokumelene namaqhwa esikhwameni esiphakathi. Hlela ku-clone noma kwi-stock stock. Izinhlobonhlobo zikhula ngokushesha. Ama-apula aqala ukuvuthwa kuwo ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala endaweni ehlala njalo.

I-Apple Tree Imant iyisihlahla esinomjikelezo ojikelezayo, ophakanyisiwe, wokuphakama okuphakathi. Ngokuvamisekile, isibonisi sabantu abadala singaba kusuka kumamitha amabili kuya ku-2.5 ukuphakama. Ingafinyelela kumamitha amathathu. Umqhele uhlangene.

Imant - i-apple-tree edidiyelwe uhlobo lwe-fruiting. Ingxenye yesine yezitho zokhula izithelo amahlumela nomkhonto. Inikeza isivuno minyaka yonke. Ngemuva kokungena esikhathini esisebenzayo se-fruiting ngonyaka, kufika ku-25 kg we-apula eqoqwe emthini owodwa. Lena isibalo esiphakeme. Kusuka ehektheleni ungakwazi ukuqoqa amathani angu-18 ezithelo.

Izinhlobonhlobo zifanele ukutshala izimboni. Emasimini amaningi, ahlanganyela ekutshalweni kwenani elikhulu lemikhiqizo, i-apple tree Imant yathatha indawo yayo.

Incazelo yezithelo

Ama-apula amakhulu - angaba ngu-180-200 g ngamunye. Ukuma kwesithelo kuhlotshisiwe, kukhonjiswe kancane, kubhidlizwe. Imant i-apple-tree, umbala oyinhloko wezithelo zawo uhlaza, futhi umbala wokumboza ubomvu obomvu nge-purple hue. Ihlanganisa cishe zonke izithelo. Ngakho-ke, lapho ubheka kuqala, ama-apula abonakala ebomvu.

Inyama yesithelo i-creamy, ene-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuvumelana okunamandla kunomdlandla, kumnandi, kunambitheka okumnandi, kumuncu kancane, kodwa akunamnandi kakhulu. I-tasters ilinganisa ukulingana kwayo ngamaphoyinti angu-4.2.

I-apula ngayinye iqukethe:

• Udaba olumile - mayelana no-22 g;
• Ama-Sugars - ama-20 g;
• I-ascorbic acid - 17 g.

Imigomo yokuvuthwa

Ezihlukahlukene zezihlahla ze-apula Izithelo zilungele ukusetshenziswa ngoDisemba. Bagcina izimfanelo zabo futhi bagcinwe kuze kube ngo-Ephreli, futhi ezindaweni ezishisayo - kuze kufike ngoJuni.

Abadali

Uphi u-apula wesihlahla se-Imant esidalwe? Umsunguli yi-RUE "I-Fruit Growing Institute" evela eBelarus. Ithimba labososayensi lathola lokhu ngenxa yokuwela izinhlobonhlobo Zokukhululeka Ne-Anteus. Igama lithi ligonywe, okungukuthi, ukumelana nezifo, ezihlukahlukene. Ngonyaka ka-1999, wadluliselwa kwinethiwekhi yokuhlolwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zikahulumeni, futhi ngo-2005 kwafakwa kwiRejista yezinhlobonhlobo ezihloselwe ukulima.

Indlela yokuthenga i- apula isithombo se- Imant?

Esikhathini sethu kuzo zonke izindawo ezihloselwe ukugcwaliswa kwezihlahla zezithelo, kunenani elikhulu lezithombo. Bahlome isithombe esihle, bangela isifiso esingenakuvinjelwa sokuthola isihlahla. Kubonakala kuwe ukuthi usuvele uzizwa ukunambitheka kwalesi apula, uzizwa ukunambitheka kwawo.

Kodwa ngokuvamile abathengisi abanalo ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa mayelana nezinhlobo noma abathengisa abangasebenzi abangenayo izimfanelo ezidingekayo. Ungalokothi ukhulume ngalezo zindawo lapho kunezinto ezihlukahlukene ezithengiswa ngayo.

Abathengi, ukuthenga izinto eziphuthumayo zekhwalithi ezivela "ezigodini", bathola izitshalo eziphila isikhathi esifushane, ngokushesha bebulawa isifo. Phela, akekho ozovuma ukuphamuza ingadi yabo kuze kube ngu-50 izikhathi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokufanayo, kubalulekile ukukhula izinhlobo ezithile ukuze uthole ama-apula amahle ahlanzekile.

Ngakho-ke, ukuthenga i-apula kungcono nabalingisi abafakazelwe. Ngokuqinisekile wonke umuntu ohlanganyela engadini, kukhona okunjalo. Ungalawula ngokuqondile kumkhiqizi.

Ochwepheshe bathi emanzini amaningi omzimba aphansi kakhulu kunambitheka izimfanelo azivikelekile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma kunokushisa okunganele nokukhanya. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukunakekela izimo zemvelo nokunakekelwa kwekhwalithi.

Ukukhethwa kwezithombo

Ukukhetha izithombo ze-apula Imant, udinga ukunaka imingcele enjalo:

• Ukukhula - kufika ku-1.4 m.
• Indawo yokuxhunyelelwa ibanga elingu-7 cm ukusuka empandeni.
• Umqhele unenani lamagatsha amane.
• Uhlelo lwezitshalo oluthuthukisiwe (uma uthenga isithombo ngesistimu evulekile).
• Bark ngaphandle kokulimala.

Ukutshala

Lapho ukhulisa izihlahla ngesilinganiso somqhele esijwayelekile, lapho umuthi we-apula ungowama-Imant, kunconywa ukuba uwatshale ibanga elingamakhilomitha amane ukusuka komunye nomunye ngokulandelana. Ekulweni kwezimboni, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa liyi-5 m.

Izithombo zezitshalo endaweni enomphela entwasahlobo, ngo-Ephreli, noma ekwindla, kusukela ekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya phakathi no-Agasti. Uma bengenaso isikhathi ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, kufanele bahlasele izithombo kuze kufike entwasahlobo.

Umgodi wokutshala kufanele ulungiswe kusengaphambili, kungakapheli isonto. Khona-ke, inhlabathi, ukuxazulula, ngeke iphule izimpande zesitshalo. Ukutshala emva kokutshala ngeke kungene emgodini. Ubukhulu bayo bungu-100 x 70 x 70 cm. Ingqimba ephezulu yenhlabathi ihlotshiswe ngakwesinye isiqondana, esezansi kwesinye. Engeza ama-humus, amalahle, ithambo lesifuba (izimbambili ezimbalwa). Kuhle ukufaka isanti, i-peat.

Abanini bezandla balulekwa ukuba bafake amathini noma izinsimbi ezimbi, ama-shells emanzini phansi komgodi.

Umhlabathi, ohlangene nama-fertilizer, ulala kuze kube yingxenye yomgodi. Khona-ke ngaphansi kwesimo segundane lenhlabathi evundile. Ukuphakama kwalo kungaba ngu-20 cm. Kutshalwe ngesithombo. Indawo yokusika kufanele ibheke eningizimu, iphini iphinde isenyakatho.

Eceleni kwezithombo, faka izikhonkwane ezimbili noma ezimbili, kusukela enyakatho naseningizimu. Bazoqapha imbewu bese bekhonza njengenkxaso. Ukuphakama kwawo akufanele kube ngaphansi kwamamitha ayisithupha nengxenye. Hlukisa izimpande, ufafazwe ngokucophelela ngenhlabathi, ukuze ungazinqamuli. Gwema ngomusa ngezinyawo.

Ngemuva kokuba umuthi utshalwe, kusukela emhlabathini kuya endaweni yokuhlanganiswa kufanele uhlale okungenani u-5 cm. Uma emva kwesikhathi esitshala emva kokutshala inhlabathi ihlezi, ungafafaze umhlaba kancane. Kodwa awukwazi ukuvumela ukucwiliswa kwentamo yentambo.

Kunamanzi amaningi kuze kube yilapho amanzi ewela ngokukhululekile emgodini.

Hlola i-trunk engekho ngaphansi kwezinso ezine. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela e-lateral.

Uma sezikhona kakade zakhiwe, ziyazincipha ukuze umqhubi aphakeme. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukulungiswa komqhubi ophakathi.

Uma utshala ekwindla, aphule amaqabunga, agubha isihlahla somuthi nge lapnik noma esinye isivikelo kusuka hares kanye frosts eqinile. Phela, lesi sitshalo ngeke sibe nesikhathi sokutshala izimpande, ngakho ngeke sikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi.

Ukunakekela

Ukunisela, sebenzisa isithombo esisodwa ku 35 amalitha amanzi. Kulokhu, ungaphinda inqubo ngesonto.

Lapho i-apula ikhula, idinga ukondla njalo. Kungaba umquba phakathi kwenani le-1:10, izinyoni zezinyoni (1:15 noma 1:10 ukumnika kanye nokuhlunga emanzini acacile 1: 8). Hlala uphendule izihlahla ze-apula ekufakweni kwezinto ezilandelanayo (ithusi sulfate, boric acid). 2 g yezinto eziphathekayo kuthathwa ilitha lamanzi.

Ukufafaza kusuka esikhaleni somuthi we-apula akudingekile. Kodwa izinambuzane zinganciphisa kakhulu isivuno. Ngakho-ke, okungenani izikhathi ezimbili ngenkathi, baphathwa ngezindlela ezehlukene. Abanye bakhetha amakhemikhali, abanye basebenzisa amakhemikhali aphilayo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuba udlulele kubo ngaphansi kwamasonto amabili emva kokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali.

Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuchichima, ngemuva kokuthi amaqabunga aqala ukuqhakaza. Lokhu kuzobhubhisa izinambuzane ezinwabuzelayo. Isikhathi sesibili sipholelwe emva kokwakheka kwe-ovary.

Ukunciphisa inani lezilokazane kubuye kube lula ngokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezinyoni engadini. Bangakwazi ukukhohliswa ngokufaka abaxhasi ezindaweni zasebusika noma ezinyoni entwasahlobo.

Ukwakheka komqhele

I-Imant - i-apple-tree ephezulu kakhulu. Kodwa, ukuze uthole izithelo eziningi, udinga ukwenza kahle umqhele wesihlahla.

Njalo ngonyaka kudinga izihlahla zokulungisa. Kusukela ekuqaleni kokulima kumele kubhekane kahle. Khona-ke ukusika izihlahla minyaka yonke kungahle kwenziwe.

Ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala, umqhubi oyinhloko uthathe izinso eziningana, izincintiswano zalo zisuswe.

Amagatsha ase-lateral skeletal anciphisa ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu, izinso zisuke esihlahleni. Kuyo kuzoqhubeka ukukhula endizeni. Esikhathini esizayo, zifinyezwa minyaka yonke namagatsha angaphansi kwabo.

Isihlahla sonyaka wesithathu wokuphila sinqunywe ngendlela efanayo. Khona-ke, ulungise umqhele, ususe amagatsha aqinekile.

Izithelo ku-apula zakhiwa emagatsheni omnyaka odlule. Kufanele bahlale ngemuva kokudubula ngendlela efanayo nabadala. Khona-ke lo muthi uzobe uvuna njalo.

Ukudubula kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuze kufike amaqabunga. Ekuqaleni kokugeleza kwamanzi, amanxeba emithini asondela isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi uma indawo yokusika imisiwe kahle.

Uma umuthi we-apula uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5 ubudala, susa wonke amagatsha akhula phezulu. Ngokusobala abawunikeli izitshalo, bafihla izithelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umbala awunamandla kakhulu. Futhi ukunambitheka kubi nakakhulu kunezithelo ezitholile inani elifanele elangeni.

Bese ususe amagatsha aphukile, awonakele. Ukutshala kanye nezinqubo zonyaka ezikhula ngokuqondile noma esihlahleni. Ngempela, kusadingeka zisuswe, kuphela iminyaka embalwa yokwenza kube lula. Futhi amanxeba, ikakhulukazi indawo yokusika, ibuhlungu kakhulu.

Uma kukhona amagatsha ekhomba, kungcono futhi ukususa. Lokho ngaphansi kwesisindo sama-apula ngokuvamile kuvimbela, kulimaza isiqu.

Ehlobo, amahlumela amancane anganqunywa, okuzosiza ukwandisa ubukhulu bezithelo bese ubeka amaqabunga esithelo ukuze kuvunwe okulandelayo.

Izifo nezinambuzane

I-Imant i-apula, imelana nezifo zesibalo. Lokhu kuhlinzekwa yi-gene Vf, eyethulwa ngenqubo yokudala ezihlukahlukene. Cishe alimele ngenxa yokuqhekeka nomdlavuza.

Injongo

Izimpawu zezihlahla ze-apula Imant uthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithembisa kakhulu. Lokhu kuqinisekisile ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwemboni. Ukuhluma okuqhubekayo, ukunciphisa izindleko zokucubungula amakhemikhali kwenza ukutshalwa kwezihlahla zama-apula Imant inzuzo.

Izinhlobonhlobo zingatshalwa emasimini angasese. Yize kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nalabo abadinga ukuvikeleka ekukhunjini, ukunambitheka okuhle, ukuvuthwa kwekwephuzile kanye neshalofu elihle lokuphila kwenza kube mnandi kunoma yimuphi umlimi.

Ukubuyekeza

Abalimi bezitshalo ezikhiqizwa ekukhiqizeni izimboni, baye bawazisa isikhathi eside ukukhethwa kwe-Belarusian, okufaka i-Imant (apula). Ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi kulula futhi kulula ukunakekela izihlahla. Ukuphakama okuncane kunomthelela ekwenzeni ukuthi kulula ukusika nokuphatha kusuka ezinambuzane. Ukuvuna kubuye kube lula kunemithi ende.

Okuthakazelisayo ikakhulu kubalimi ukuphikiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-Imant kuya esikhaleni.

Futhi yini abathandi balimi balimi abacabanga ukuthi bakhula i-aple cultivar Imant? Ukubukeza kusho ukuthi izithelo zigcinwa isikhathi eside, kuyilapho ziba mnandi kakhulu futhi zinamanzi. Futhi bathanda ukubukeka okuhle kwama-apula.