Ifaka ikhodi kolwazi kombhalo ikhompyutha

Ikhompyutha - idivayisi eyinkimbinkimbi ngawo ungadala, ukuguqula, kanye ukugcina ulwazi. Nokho, i-computer akusebenzi ngendlela eqondakalayo kakhulu kithi - ingcaca, umbhalo kanye idatha yezinombolo kugcinwa njengoba afanayo kanambambili izinombolo. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola indlela ukufaka ikhodi imininingwane yombhalo.

Yini kithi umbhalo ikhompyutha - ukulandelana kwezinhlamvu. uphawu ngalinye libonisa ezithile amaqanda futhi abathandekayo. Ngaphansi izimpawu kwakusho hhayi kuphela zesi izinhlamvu Latin zamagama, kodwa futhi zibabazo, izimpawu izibalo, izinhlamvu ezikhethekile, nezimpawu ezikhethekile ngisho isikhala.

wekhodi Binary kolwazi kombhalo

Ngokucindezela ukhiye ezithile ku isilawuli yangaphakathi ithumela uphawu lukagesi ukuthi ukuguqulelwa binary code. Ikhodi is ifaniswe uphawu ezithile, okuyinto uboniswa esikrinini. Ukuze ukuzithoba kwama-alfabhethi esiLatini ngendlela digital format ASCII esephepheni kohlelo lamazwe omhlaba yadalwa. Kudinga 1 ibhayithi zokuqopha uphawu omunye ngaleyo ndlela siqukethe-uphawu ayisishiyagalombili ukulandelana amaqanda futhi abathandekayo. Isikhawu okuqoshiwe - kusukela 00000000 ukuba 11111111, okusho esephepheni kolwazi umbhalo usebenzisa lesi simiso kusivumela ukumela ezingu-256. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kwanele.

ASCII ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili. Eyokuqala izinhlamvu 127 (kusuka 00000000 ukuba 01111111) kukhona ngamazwe futhi izimpawu ezithile kanye izinhlamvu zamagama zesiNgisi. Ingxenye yesibili - isandiso (kusuka 10000000 ukuba 11111111) - kuhloswe ukumela zamagama kazwelonke, ombhalo wawo uhlukile Latin.

Ifaka ikhodi Imininingwane umbhalo kuleli ASCII yakhiwe phezu kwesimiso ukulandelana okwandisa, ie, emikhulu inombolo ukulandelana izincwadi, aba maningi ukubaluleka ASCII-ikhodi yayo. Izinombolo kanye Russian ingxenye etafuleni zakhelwe isimiso esifanayo.

Nokho, emhlabeni kukhona izinhlobo eziningana ukufaka ikhodi izinhlamvu zesi-Cyrillic. Okuvame kakhulu - kuyinto Koi-8 (ayisishiyagalombili-bit wekhodi ukuthi isetjentiswe 70s ku ruifitsirovannyh kuqala uhlelo lokusebenza Unix), ISO 8859-5 (akhiwa International Standardization Bureau), i-CP 1251 (esephepheni Imininingwane kombhalo asetshenziswe OS-Windows yesimanje), kanye 2-Byte wekhodi we-Unicode, angasetshenziswa ukwethula izinhlamvu 65.536. Okunjalo ezihlukahlukene lokubhala ngobumfihlo ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi zakhiwa ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, ngoba izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene kanye yezakhi ezahlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu, kaningi ukuba babe nezinkinga uma udlulisa umbhalo komunye naphakathi komunye - kusukela lokungafani ikhodi umsebenzisi uzobona iqoqo imifanekiso iyadida. Ngingayithola kanjani ukulungisa lesi simo? EZwini lakhe, isibonelo, uma idokhumenti ivulekile, umlayezo ngezinkinga ngombhalo ukubonisa futhi inikeza izinketho eziningana for ikhodi.

Ngakho, esephepheni nokucutshungulwa kolwazi kombhalo ezibilinini sekhompyutha - inqubo kunzima isikhathi ihlelwe. Zonke izimpawu kwanoma iyiphi zamagama kuphela ukulandelana ezithile kwamadijithi wesistimu kanambambili, iseli - lokhu ingenye ibhayithi kolwazi.