I ukumelana ukudluliswa ukushisa. R-value

Heat ukudluliswa walling - Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ezihilela Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows, conduction nemisebe eyingozi. onke ahlangana ndawonye ne predominance Kolunye lwazo. Nangokuvikela izakhiwo kocingo imiklamo, okuyinto ziyabonakala ngokusebenzisa ukumelana ukudluliswa ukushisa, kumele kuhambisane amakhodi wokwakha.

Njengoba umoya benana walling

Lapho kwakhiwa ukusetha nezimfuneko ezingokomthetho ubukhulu yokucucuza ukushisa ogangeni futhi ngalo ukuchaza Uhlonze lwalo. Omunye nemingcele kuhlaziywa ke umehluko lokushisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle endlini. Ukuthatha njengesisekelo isikhathi enomoya konyaka. Enye ipharamitha iyona Coefficient ukudluliswa ukushisa K - ukushisa lemali ngocansi elingu-1 ngokusebenzisa indawo 1 m ^2, ne umehluko we yangaphandle futhi yangaphakathi imvelo lokushisa elingu-1 ° C. Inani K incike izakhiwo ezibonakalayo. Njengoba ukhula ukunciphisa izakhiwo ukushisa-ukuze sivikeleke odongeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, obandayo Ikamelo zingene ngaphansi, uma ingaphezu ukushuba kocingo.

Ukubika Inkinga YeWindows nemisebe ngaphakathi nangaphandle futhi kuthinte ukulahlekelwa ukushisa endlini. Ngakho-ke, i-amabhethri efakwe izindonga sibonakalisa izikrini we aluminium ucwecwe. Ukuvikelwa okunjalo futhi oyenze ngaphakathi mbumbulu umoya ngaphandle.

ukudluliselwa Heat ngokusebenzisa izindonga zendlu

Izindonga Ingaphandle ukwenza iningi endaweni yendlu futhi ngabo ukulahlekelwa amandla ukufinyelela 35-45%. Izinto zokwakha abakha izakhiwo Ivala, babe isivikelo ezahlukene ngenxa yamakhaza. It has conductivity aphansi ezishisayo emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, izinto ukungena nakwamanye amazwe babe aphansi lokudluliselwa ukushisa okuza. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwakhiwa izitini K = 0,81 W / (m ² · ^C), ukhonkolo K = 2.04 W / (m ² · ^C), e plywood K = 0.18 W / (m ² · ^C.) kanye polystyrene amapuleti K = 0,038 W / (m ² · ° ^C).

Izibalo wasebenzisa okuhambisanayo we K Coefficient, - R-value. Kuyinto value kwesejwayelekile futhi akufanele kube ngezansi inani elithile elinqunyiwe, ngoba incike izindleko Ukushisa nemibandela ahlala emagcekeni.

On the K isici kuthinta umswakama okuqukethwe walling. Esikhathini impahla eluhlaza amanzi displaces emoyeni ezimbotsheni, futhi conductivity yayo ezishisayo lingaphezulu izikhathi ezingu-20. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi izakhiwo ukushisa-ukuze sivikeleke kocingo. Wet ngezitini odongeni okuhambisa ukushisa 30% ngaphezu ezomile. Ngakho-ke, olungaphambili lwesonto kanye uphahla lwemizi uzama izinto egqoke lapho amanzi hhayi babanjiwe.

Heat ukulahlekelwa ngokusebenzisa izindonga ukuvuleka emalungeni bathembele kakhulu umoya. Ukusekela izakhiwo - esiwuhogelayo kanye emoyeni sidlula kubo kusukela ngaphandle (kokuziphatha) futhi ngaphakathi (exfiltration).

Siding

Engaphandle ambozwe umoya mbumbulu isethwe igebe lapho umoya ujikeleziswe. It akuphazamisi ukumelana ezishisayo we izindonga, kodwa linamandla kakhulu umoya umthwalo, ukunciphisa kokuziphatha. Umoya ukungena kwalapho kuhlangana iwindi kanye nomnyango ozimele nge odongeni ukuvuleka. Ngenxa yalokhu ukumelana ezishisayo amawindi sehliselwe ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu. Kulezi zindawo, ibekwe i uphawu ngempumelelo, ekuvimbeleni outflow ukushisa nge indlela emfushane. Ukumelana Thermal izindonga amafasitela ekusebenzisaneni kuyoba esincane, kanye ukufingqa ku ifasitelana akuyona kwakhiwa, uma beka Uhlaka phakathi emthambekeni.

I kudingekile izakhiwo zokuzivikela futhi wokusindisa amandla kufezwa ngokusebenzisa ngci isangweji panel, esivikela wonke phambi kwendlu ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Isimiso Sokuthungatha mbumbulu umoya ezifakiwe kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka futhi zonke weathers. Ngenxa ezengeziwe ukwahlukanisa aqede "amabhuloho abandayo" futhi inyuka ophilayo induduzo.

Heat ukulahlekelwa ngokusebenzisa ophahleni esitezi sokuqala

Ngemva kwesigamu nokushisa izibuya ukufinyelela 3-10%. Abakhi abanandaba mayelana ukwahlukanisa zabo, kusale igebe. Endabeni engcono wenziwe yezimonyo ukubekwa uphawu grout. Uma izinga lokushisa kwamanzi phansi ngaphansana egumbini kweyesi-2 ° C-ke, ukwahlukanisa cap wenza kahle.

Heat ukulahlekelwa NGOPHAHLA

Ikakhulukazi ezinkulu ukushisa ukulahlekelwa NGOPHAHLA emakhaya esalisekela futhi esinezitezi ezimbili. Athatha 35%. Modern ekuvikeleni izinto ivumela thembeke ukuvikela ophahleni futhi ophahleni imvelo bangaphandle isenzo nokushisa ngaphakathi.

Njengoba kunqunywa ukumelana ukudluliswa ukushisa

Ngomqondo ngokomzimba, ukumelana ukudluliswa ukushisa befaka isakhiwo ephawula ezingeni lwezici zalo ezishisayo nangokuvikela futhi etholakala isilinganiso

• R = 1 / K (M ² · ° ^C / W).

I izakhiwo zokuzivikela odongeni zinqunywa izinqubo zokwenana ezishisayo ngesikhathi evele saso futhi kwangaphakathi, kanye asendabeni ngobuningi. Ukuze uthango eziyinkimbinkimbi ukumelana Imininingwane ezishisayo kungaba:

• R ₀ = (R ₁ + R ₂ + ... + R _n) + _R + R _n .

lapho R _1, R _2, R _n njani izakhiwo zezendlalelo ngabanye, _futhi R, R _N - ukuxhumana zangaphakathi nezangaphandle nge emoyeni.

Ukumelana encishisiwe ekudlulisweni ukushisa

Ekusebenteni, nezakhiwo heterogeneous futhi siqukethe izakhi yasibamba nezinye izingqimba zokuxhumana akha "amalunga abandayo". Heterogeneity izakhiwo kunganciphisa kakhulu ukumelana ezishisayo zenhlangano. Ngakho-ke, ingaholela isilinganiso value R ₀ ^'ukuze uthango okulingana ne izakhiwo iyunifomu phezu yonke indawo. Ngokwesibonelo, kulesi sibalo ukushuba of izindonga isakhiwo ziyabhekelelwa ukushisa ukulahlekelwa ewindini kanye nomnyango nemithambeka, esangweni, izakhi ngabanye isakhiwo ngokuya anciphe ukumelana ezishisayo. Kulo mfanekiso okwaboniswa imicibisholo, le conductivity ezishisayo we setshe ukhonkolo ukudansela isiginci sakhe ukufudumeza phandle.

Ukumelana encishisiwe ekudlulisweni ukushisa kunqunywa emva ukuzimisela wonke amasayithi ezinkulu isinyathelo ezahlukene ukushisa fluxes. Ngemva kwalokho, ngokuhambisana GOST 26254-84, ubalwa kusetshenziswa ifomula:

• ₀ R ^'= F / (F ₁ / R + F _{01 2} / R ₀₂ + ... + F _n / R _{0 n),} lapho:

F - endaweni befaka isakhiwo;

F _n - indawo isici zone n-th;

R ₀ yilona ukumelana ukudluliswa ukushisa isici _n-th zone.

Ngakho, izinga langempela le-ukushisa ukugeleza ngokusebenzisa ukwakhiwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kuholela iyunifomu ukudluliswa ukushisa ngokusebenzisa kwelivi yayo.

Ngokusho GOST P 54851-2011, ethize ukushisa yokucucuza ngokusebenzisa imvilophi isakhiwo kuchazwa ukuthini inkulumo ethi:

• q = (t _ext - t _n) / R ₀ ^'

lapho t t _{n ext} - lokushisa ekamelweni, akukhetheki ngokuvumelana GOST 30494, futhi izinga lokushisa ngaphandle, ichazwa ngokuthi isilinganiso enomoya izinsuku ezinhlanu ngonyaka.

ubuchwepheshe infrared ivumela ukucacisa indawo lapho ukumelana ukudluliswa ukushisa kuyehla. Isithombe siveza "amalunga abandayo" lapho iningi ukushisa ukulahlekelwa kwenzeka. Amazinga e-blue zone 8 ° C ngaphansi kuka lonke.

Heat ukulahlekelwa ngokusebenzisa ukuvuleka iwindi

Windows kutsatsa elincane kobuso indlu, kodwa ngisho glazing double zifudumele kuyizikhathi 2-3 buthaka kunalowo izindonga. Modern amafasitela energy esisindisa izici ezishisayo Ukuvikelwa izakhiwo abasondelene izindonga.

has izici zayo siqu zokusebenza iwindi ngamunye kabili ngezinkomishi ezinamekwe ngomthofu. Evelele encishisiwe ukushisa ukumelana, kuye ngobukhulu besikhumba saleso ngomkhiqizo ngamunye okuyinto yizigaba.

I ngekilasi - D2 - kukhona amafasitela olulodwa-ngodonga nge ingilazi ukushuba 4 mm (R ₀ ⁼ 0.35 - 0,39 m · ° C / W). Uma ifasitela elingakwesobunxele has a ukumelana ezishisayo of ingilazi ngezansi ngenhla amagugu ubuncane, ngeke uhlukanise. Njengoba kwanda Ukuvikelwa lokushisa amandla amawindi kahle kunganciphisa ukudlulisela ukukhanya.

The esiphezulu ukudluliswa ukushisa ekilasini ukumelana - A1 - kukhona (R ₀ ^'> energy esisindisa kabili ekamelweni ibhokisi nge igesi engaxubani namakhemikhali ezinengilazi zokuzivikela = 0.8 m · ° C / W). Yabo ezishisayo ukwahlukanisa properties kwezihlalo ezinye izindonga zezinto zokwakha.

Ukumelana Thermal ngengilazi kuncike ezicini ezilandelayo:

• isilinganiso elicwebezelayo izindawo futhi lonke block;
• osayizi esigqokweni nezigaba engu- ifreyimu;
• impahla nokwakhiwa block iwindi;
• ingilazi izici;
• izinga uphawu phakathi ibhande lendwangu futhi uzimele.

Lapho ukumelana ezishisayo ibalwa amafasitela kanye kuvulandi iminyango, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele ithonya zone abekelwe emaceleni kusukela kwalapho nephrofayela glazing iwindi ungawela condensate. Lapho obandayo kufanele futhi sinake ikhwalithi ukuvuleka uphawu. Through idivayisi thermographic kungabonwa njengoba Bufinyelela abandayo endlini ngokusebenzisa phezulu nakwesokudla umnyango (isithombe ngezansi). Kungakhathaliseki kungenzeka kanjani ngempumelelo ezicwebezelisiwe, ukudlula mahhala umoya phakathi ozimele futhi izindonga, zonke izinzuzo zabo izolahleka.

amafasitela Ukukhethwa nge emphemeni iminyango esifundeni ngasinye ekhiqizwa ngokuhambisana ubukhulu edingekayo lokudluliselwa ukushisa ukumelana R ₀ ^'futhi izimo zezulu, inombolo determinable idigri wosuku Ukushisa isikhathi.

isiphetho

I kwesejwayelekile ukumelana ezishisayo of izindonga amafasitela uvumele ukwakha izakhiwo eyonga amandla. Esikhathini izibalo wathola izici lokushisa izindonga kubalulekile ukucabangela property izingxenye heterogeneous. Ukuze silondoloze microclimate adinga isivikelo onokwethenjelwa zonke izingxenye endlini ngenxa yamakhaza. Lokhu kuholela le heater yesimanje.