I geography kwezinsiza emhlabeni yemvelo (bheka ithebula)

Isihloko "Geography kwezinsiza emhlabeni yemvelo" - yezinkinga eliyingqikithi Yiqiniso esikoleni lwesifundo. Yiziphi ingxenye enkulu yemithombo yemvelo? Yiziphi izinhlobo zabo abelwe futhi kanjani they basakaza yonke indawo kule planethi? Iziphi izici ezanquma geography kwezinsiza emhlabeni yemvelo? Funda ngakho esihlokweni.

Yiziphi ingxenye enkulu yemithombo yemvelo?

Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthuthukiswa komnotho womhlaba kanye neminotho lamazwe ngamanye geography kwezinsiza emhlabeni zemvelo. Lo mqondo Lingachazwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngomqondo ebanzi - kuyiso sonke eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezimpahla zemvelo edingekayo umuntu. Ngomqondo ewumngcingo zemvelo kusho ukudidiyelwa ndawonye kwezinqubo umsuka zemvelo kwezimpahla, elingasebenza njengesibuko imithombo ukukhiqizwa.

nemithombo yemvelo nje elisetshenziswa umsebenti wetemnotfo. Ngaphandle kwawo, eqinisweni, akukwazi ukuba khona isintu esinjalo. Enye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi esiphuthumayo lwesifundo zanamuhla isimo sendawo kwemithombo yomhlaba yemvelo (Grade 10 esikoleni esiphakeme). Ucwaningo lo mbuzo abathintekayo kokubili zokuma kwendawo nezazi zezomnotho.

Kuhlukaniswa kwemitfombolusito yemvelo yomhlaba

yeplanethi yemvelo ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka criteria ehlukahlukene. Ngakho, izimali exhaustible kanye ongashi, evuselelekayo, okungezona evuselelekayo, kanye ingxenye uvuseleleke. On amathemba ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo ihlukaniswe izimboni, ezolimo, amandla, ukuzilibazisa kanye nezokuvakasha, nokunye. D.

Ngokusho ngezigaba zofuzo kwemithombo yemvelo zihlanganisa:

• okumbiwa phansi;
• umhlaba;
• amanzi;
• namahlathi;
• yemvelo (kubandakanya nezinsizakusebenza kwezilwandle);
• amandla;
• sezulu;
• zokungcebeleka.

Izici wokusabalalisa kwamaplanethi kwemithombo yemvelo

Iziphi izici ethulwa izinsiza geography emhlabeni yemvelo? Abeve anikezwa yonke indawo kule planethi?

Ngokushesha kuyafaneleka ukuthi imithombo yomhlaba engokwemvelo zabiwa Ukuboshelwa kakhulu phakathi States. Ngakho, emazweni ambalwa (ezifana Russia, USA noma e-Australia), uhlobo akuniké anhlobonhlobo amaminerali. Abanye (isb, Japan noma Moldova) kufanele aneliseke ezimbili noma ezintathu kuphela izinhlobo izinto zokusetshenziswa amaminerali.

Ngokuqondene ivolumu ukusetshenziswa, ukusetshenziswa ezweni mayelana 70% imithombo yomhlaba engokwemvelo baseNtshonalanga Yurophu, e-USA, Canada, Japan, okuyinto akaphili amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-ayisishiyagalolunye labantu emhlabeni. Kodwa iqembu emazweni asathuthuka, lapho zaba ngu-60% wesibalo sabantu emhlabeni, kudle% 15 kuphela kwemithombo yemvelo yomhlaba.

I geography kwezinsiza emhlabeni yemvelo engalingani, hhayi kuphela mayelana amaminerali. On ihlathi, umhlaba nemithombo yamanzi zezwe futhi amazwekazi, futhi, sihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Ngakho, iningi amanzi ahlanzekile planethi bagxila kule zeqhwa Antarctica Greenland - elinabantu ubuncane izifunda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika uhlangabezana i Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu amanzi okuphuza.

Ezinjenge zomhlaba engalingani kwemithombo yomhlaba engokwemvelo uphika emazweni amaningi ukubhekana inkinga yabo ukushoda ngezindlela ezahlukene. Abanye bakwenza ngosizo ngeemali asebenzayo imisebenzi ukuhlola Geological, abanye kodwa ebafundisa yakamuva energy esisindisa ubuchwepheshe kwehlisa ukusetshenziswa impahla ukukhiqizwa yayo.

izinsiza Umhlaba yemvelo (amaminerali) nokusatshalaliswa zabo

Minerals - yizici zemvelo (izinto) ezisetshenziswa emsebenzini wokukhiqiza indoda noma ukuphehla ugesi. Mineral izinsiza ibalulekile kute lomnotfo zanoma yiliphi izwe. Esikhathini uqweqwe kuyiplanethi yethu iqukethe amaminerali kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili. 160 babo ngenkuthalo misela indoda. Kuye indlela futhi ububanzi bokusebenzisa izidubedube zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:

• amafutha kanye namandla (ezifana namafutha, amalahle, Peat);
• itshe elinensimbi (nickel, ithini nsimbi , njll);
• Aggregates (impahla eluhlaza for the umkhakha zamakhemikhali, yokusansimbi, ukwakhiwa, nokunye. N.).

Mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu amaminerali isisetshenziswa namuhla uwoyela. It is ngokufanele ngokuthi 'igolide abamnyama "ngoba wakhe babengabalandeli (futhi ayagcinwa kuze kube yilolu suku), izimpi ezinkulu. Ngokuvamile, uwoyela amanga kanye ehambisana igesi yemvelo. Izindawo ezisemqoka for the isizinda kulezi emhlabeni - Western eSiberia, e-Alaska, e-Texas, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eMexico. Omunye umthombo nophethiloli - kuyinto amalahle (omnyama brown). It is etholwe emazweni amaningi (angaphezu kuka-70).

izidubedube Ore zihlanganisa itshe-nsimbi, base namatshe ayigugu. ezifakwa Geological yalezi namaminerali ngokuvamile ngokucacile ixhunyaniswe izindawo crystalline panel - isisekelo ziboya ezisekelweni.

izidubedube Non-metallic izicelo ezahlukene kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, egwadle futhi asbestos esetshenziswa embonini yezokwakha, i-potassium nosawoti - ekukhiqizeni umquba, carbon - e ngamandla enuzi, njll kabanzi ngezansi ikhombisa isimo sendawo kwemithombo yomhlaba engokwemvelo ... Ithebula sibandakanya uhla namaminerali ebaluleke kakhulu futhi esifunwa ngapha nangapha.

izinsiza Land nokuma kwezwe zabo

Land - omunye wemithombo ebaluleke kakhulu kule planethi futhi yiliphi izwe emhlabeni. Ngaphansi lo mqondo kusho ingxenye surface eMhlabeni okuhlalekayo ukwakhiwa kanye nezolimo. Umhlaba umhlaba Isikhwama - yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 13 ehektheleni. Kuhlanganisa:

• ihlathi kanye khuhla (31%);
• izimfunda kanye namadlelo (24%);
• umhlabathi olimekayo futhi emasimini (11%);
• ezweni matasa emadolobheni, imigwaqo kanye nezinye izinhlaka (3%);
• ezweni abakhiqizi (mayelana 28%).

emazweni ahlukahlukene babe ezweni ezahlukene. Abanye kakade unazo walo ngesikhathi komkhathi enkulukazi indawo evulekile (eRussia, Ukraine), kuyilapho abanye bazizwe Ukushoda okukhulu kwabantu isikhala khulula (Japan, Denmark). Kakhulu Ukuboshelwa basakaza umhlaba wokulima: ngu-60% ezweni akhawunti emhlabeni olimekayo ngoba Eurasia, kuyilapho e-Australia - 3% kuphela.

imithombo yamanzi kanye geography zabo

Amanzi - ezivamile kanye nokumbiwa ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Kuyinto kule ukuphila kwasemhlabeni okuzelwe, nokuthi amanzi ibalulekile ngamunye eziphilayo. Ngaphansi imithombo yamanzi le planethi kusho zonke ebusweni amanzi ngaphansi komhlaba, ezisetshenziswa umuntu, noma ingase isetshenziselwe esikhathini esizayo. Ethandwa kakhulu kuba amanzi ahlanzekile. Isetshenziselwa ekhaya, emsebenzini emkhakheni wezolimo. Fresh esiphezulu emfuleni ukugeleza ewela-Asia naseLatin America, kanye ubuncane - e-Australia nase-Afrika. Futhi ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu umhlaba emhlabeni kuyinkinga ngamanzi ahlanzekile sibi kakhulu.

Amazwe kuvikelwe kakhulu zigcine ezweni ezingabangela ukungatholi amanzi ahlanzekile kukhona iBrazil, Russia, Canada, China ne-United States. Kodwa ezinhlanu amazwe ampofu kakhulu amanzi ahlanzekile simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: Kuwait, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Yemen naseJordani.

Ihlathi imithombo nokuma kwezwe zabo

Amahlathi evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "amaphaphu" kule planethi yethu. Futhi ngempela kufanele. Phela, nabo basuke ukudlala sezulu eqakathekileko kanye nevikeleko amanzi, indima zokungcebeleka. Ukuze ihlathi sizo luhlanganisa ugodo uqobo kanye zonke izimfanelo zabo ewusizo - zokuzivikela, ukungcebeleka, zokwelapha, njll ...

Ngokwezibalo, mayelana 25% ezweni eMhlabeni imbozwe amahlathi. Iningi lazo ewela okubizwa ngokuthi "enyakatho ihlathi ibhande", ehlanganisa amazwe ezifana Russia, Canada, e-USA, eSweden, eFinland.

Ithebula elingezansi libonisa kwamazwe abaholi ngokuya ihlathi ukumboza izindawo zabo:

izinsiza eziphilayo planethi

izinsiza eziphilayo - konke yezitshalo nezilwane eziphilayo, ezisetshenziswa umuntu izinjongo ezihlukile. Okuningi ezifunwayo ezweni lanamuhla kuyinto izinsiza floristic. Zonke emhlabeni, kukhona angaba yizinkulungwane eziyisithupha zezitshalo kutshalwa. Kulokhu, eyodwa kuphela engamakhulu babo esakazwa emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu izitshalo, abantu ngenkuthalo ukukhulisa imfuyo noma izinkukhu, besebenzisa amagciwane kulimaza kwezolimo nasezimbonini.

izinsiza ababazalayo uhlobo uvuseleleke. Nokho, ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa lamanje, ngezinye izikhathi okuzingela futhi ukuphathwa Ukhulelwe abanye babo engozini yokuqothulwa.

I geography kwezinsiza emhlabeni yemvelo: ezemvelo

ubunjalo Modern libhekene eziningi izinkinga ezinkulu emvelweni. Active izimayini hhayi kuphela elingcolisa umoya nomhlabathi, kodwa futhi kakhulu okushintsha ebusweni le planethi, beshintsha ezinye namathafa ngale ukuqashelwa.

Ngamaphi amazwi ezihlobene geography yesimanje kwezinsiza emhlabeni yemvelo? Ukungcoliswa kwendawo, Ukuwohloka, ukubhujiswa ... Ngeshwa, kuyiqiniso. Izinkulungwane amahektha kwamahlathi lasendulo ngonyaka ushabalala ubuso iplanethi yethu. Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho ebhubhisa zezinyoni ezingavamile futhi ezisengcupheni kwezilwane. Imboni Heavy ingcolise izinsimbi inhlabathi kanye nezinye izinto eziyingozi.

Kuyadingeka ukuba ngokushesha futhi omhlaba ukushintsha umqondo yokuziphatha kwabantu e imvelo. Kungenjalo, ikusasa impucuko izwe ngeke bheka kamnandi kakhulu.

Lo mkhuba le "isisetshenziswa isiqalekiso"

"Okufike kudide nge-amaningi" noma "isisetshenziswa isiqalekiso" - lo mkhuba lokho okubizwa ngomlobokazi emnothweni, yakhishwa okokuqala zavela ngo-1993 ngu-Richard Auty. Ingqikithi zalesi simo simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: emazweni abalulekile loyimvelo ezingaba, njengoba umthetho, libhekene ongaphakeme ukukhula komnotho kanye nentuthuko. Futhi, elithi "ubumpofu" ngezisetshenziswa zemvelo zezwe impumelelo enkulu kwezomnotho.

Izibonelo eqinisekisa le ndlela yokucabanga, ngempela kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla. Ngokokuqala ngqá mayelana "isisetshenziswa isiqalekiso" amazwe baqala ukukhuluma emuva ngawo-80 leminyaka eledlule. Abanye abacwaningi baye kakade kuyofikwa emisebenzini yakhe lo mkhuba.

Zezomnotho ukuhlonza eziningana Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu lesi simanga:

• yokuntuleka ukuzimisela neziphathimandla ukuqhuba kwekuhlela kabusha ngempumelelo futhi kudingekile;
• ukuthuthukiswa inkohlakalo apharathasi isimo ngesisekelo 'imali lula ";
• sokukwazi ukuncintisana ezingeni lamazwe encishisiwe yezinye imikhakha yezomnotho, engesiyo kakhulu "ohlanganiswe" izinsiza zemvelo.

isiphetho

I geography kwezinsiza emhlabeni yemvelo engalingani kakhulu. Lokhu kusebenza cishe yonke yohlobo lwazo - amaminerali, amandla, umhlaba, amanzi, ihlathi.

Ezinye uthi babe inothile amaminerali, kodwa ezingaba amaminerali usizo kwamanye amazwe sina kungagcini kuphela ezimbalwa imibono yabo. Nokho, i-ilungiselelo elingavamile kwemithombo yemvelo akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ekuqinisekisa ukuphila kwakhona kusezingeni eliphezulu, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho we ezweni elithile. Isibonelo esimangalisayo lokhu kukhona amazwe ezifana eRussia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan nabanye. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa eseke ngisho igama layo emnothweni - the "isisetshenziswa isiqalekiso".