I cathode kanye anode - ubunye umzabalazo eziphikisanako

I cathode futhi anode - yezingxenye ezimbili inqubo: ukugeleza kagesi. Zonke izinto zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili - babashayeli, isakhiwo lapho ngokweqile enkulu electron mahhala futhi dielectrics (e-electron khulula babe cishe).

Umqondo kagesi

zamanje Electric - ukuhamba ngendlela ehlelekile. icala kuyizinhlayiyana izinto isakhiwo ngaphansi kwethonya ukucindezeleka kagesi. Uma isetshenziswa DC voltage umqhubi, ama-electron, khulula kokuba icala omubi ngeke hambisa ehlelekile bubheke anode (i-electrode kahle icala) we cathode (electrode omubi icala). Lamanje ngokufanele uyogeleza isiqondiso reverse. A cathode kanye anode - electrode amabili, phakathi lapho kwakhiwa onqenqemeni (umehluko) zokucindezeleka kagesi.

Babashayeli kanye insulators

Babashayeli kanye insulators kungenzeka okuqinile, uketshezi futhi izinto gaseous. Kungenxa ukugeleza kagesi akunandaba. isicelo isikhathi eside voltage kagesi kuya ezibonakalayo cathode uzobe kwakhiwa ngokweqile electron ngesikhathi anode futhi - ukushoda yayo. Uma voltage sisetshenziswa eside ngokwanele, isakhiwo nezinto okwenziwé le anode, ama-electron oyophunyuka axhunyiwe kanye kwama-athomu nezinhlayiyana okokusebenza uqala amakhemikhali ukuxubana izinto amakhemikhali asebenzayo kusuka imvelo. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi electrolysis.

electrolysis

I cathode futhi anode e electrochemistry izigxobo ezimbili esetshenziswe saline noma ancibilikise we njalo voltage kagesi. Lapho ngokweqile electron wamanje kusuka anode iqala sokudiliza, ngamanye amazwi, ngokwabo kahle icala ama-athomu izidakamizwa uyowela brine (imvelo) wayiswa cathode lapho idiphozi ifomu ukuhlanzwa. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi Electroplating ezaziwayo. Ukusebenzisa Electroplating camera nge ungqimba ezondile zinc, ithusi, igolide, isiliva nezinye izinto ezimbiwa phansi, imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene.

Uyini cathode, futhi yiziphi imisebenzi ukuthi wenza electrolysis? Lokhu kungenziwa kuqondwe lapho izenzo ezilandelayo: uma wenza i anode wazenza ngethusi noma tin, bese uvule aphume cathode ibhodi wesifunda, embozwe ungqimba elincanyana ngothayela noma i-copper (obusetshenziswa embonini electronic). Ngu indlela efanayo, imigexo zegolide, aluminium nethusi ezilala ngisho ezikhumulweni zegolide ukuze Ihluzo Elingafaki Ukuqoka ukuze uthuthukise conductivity kagesi.

Izimpendulo zemibuzo lokho iyona anode kanye cathode ngesikhathi electrolysis zisobala: i anode ngenxa ukugeleza zamanje ngqo ngokusebenzisa brine uyabhujiswa, kanye cathode othola impahla anode. Ngisho eside enjalo eladabuka medium Electroplating - "Anodizing le cathode". incazelo Physical ke azinakugcinwa, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo langempela umbuzo ibonisa kahle.

semiconductors

Semiconductors kukhona izinto okuyinto akudingeki isakhiwo electron mahhala futhi-athomu igcinwe ezindaweni zabo ezimbi. Uma into oyifundayo esimweni liquid noma gaseous afakwe kazibuthe, bese lona lukhuni, bese uvule Semiconductor kagesi ehlelekile, okuzokwenza baphathe samanje isiqondiso eyodwa kuphela. Kusukela le nto, usebenzisa impahla oshiwo ngenhla, ukwenza diodes. Ziyakwazi ezimbili zama:

a) «pnp» conductivity;

b) «npn» conductivity.

Ngo practice, fineness ka diode isakhiwo asihlobene. Kubalulekile ukuxhuma kahle kagesi wesifunda diode. Lapho anode, lapho cathode - umbuzo wadida abaningi. I diode has a notation ekhethekile: noma A no K, noma + futhi -. Kungenzeka ukuxhuma diode ngezindlela ukuze DC busebenze ezimbili kuphela. Kwesinye isenzakalo, a diode ezinhle uyosingatha samanje, futhi kwesinye - ngeke. Ngakho-ke, kufanele athathe idivayisi, ngokusobala okuyinto ukwazi lapho cathode kanye anode lapho, bese uxhuma kuya diode. Uma idivayisi ikhombisa khona wamanje, diode ixhunywe kahle. Ngakho, idivayisi kanye cathode we cathode diode futhi anode zedivayisi kanye anode we diode ahambelana. Kungenjalo, udinga ukushintsha amaphuzu yokuxhuma.

1. Uma diode aluphumeleli zamanje zombili izinkomba, it is wokushiswa, ayikwazi ukulungiswa.

2. Uma ngokuphambene nalokho, Reeves, yena ngesibhakela. Kufanele kulahliwe.

Ungene diodes abahloli kanye samplers. Esikhathini cathode diode kanye anode kuthiwa isandla enamathiselwe ekukhipheni yabo ngezinto ngokungafani kukagesi ugesi (amabhethri, amabhethri nokunye. P.).

Cathode ku izakhi Semiconductor (diodes) kuyinto kagesi wesifunda electrode (umlenze), kusuka lapho omuhle (+) ezingaba khona. Ngokusebenzisa wesifunda ixhunywe engeyinhle ugesi ezingaba khona. Ngakho, samanje diode Semiconductor igelezela kuzo isiqondiso esivela anode kuya cathode ngqo. On izifunda kagesi ukucubungula ngendlela engokomfanekiso kuboniswe.

Uma omunye umlenze diode (electrode) exhunywe kwi-voltage kushintshana, le electrode yesibili, sithola nengxenye-sine ishayela emihle noma emibi. Uma uxhuma diodes ezimbili kwebhuloho, sizokwenza sebenzisa kuyalungiswa kagesi kuyinto kakhulu njalo.

imithombo kukagesi DC - ibhethri (ibhethri)

I cathode futhi anode kule mikhiqizo emuva kuye isiqondiso kagesi, ngoba kwesinye kubo voltage iza, bona ngenxa zamakhemikhali kukhona imithombo DC. Lapha kuzoba khona negative electrode ipuleti futhi omuhle - cathode. Kwelinye icala, e-accumulator kwenzeka ezivamile electrolysis inqubo.

Lapho Ibhethri lingashajwa futhi ukusabela zamakhemikhali, eyasebenza njengodonga umthombo zamanje kagesi wayeka, kumele avuselelwe ngo kumthombo wamandla ongaphandle. Ngakho, sethula inqubo electrolysis, okusho ukubuyisela impahla yokuqala ibhethri kukagesi. I cathode ibhethri kufanele usetshenziswe has a icala ezimbi, kanti anode - inguyebo, ibhethri bese uzobe agcwalisiwe.

Ngakho, impendulo yombuzo othi kanjani kuchazwe cathode kanye anode ku cell kukagesi, kuncike ukushaja noma kuba umthombo kagesi ukunikezela zamanje.

isiphetho

Njengoba summation Ngokwalokho esesikufundile, a cathode - iyona electrode okukhona ngokweqile electron, futhi anode - iyona electrode okukhona ukushoda electron. Kodwa plus noma lokususa phezu ethile electrode isici busebenze kuchazwe isiqondiso ukugeleza zamanje.