I-ammonium persulfate: ukubaluleka nokubaluleka okubalulekile

I-ammonium persulphate isetshenziselwa ukuqinisa izinqubo zokupholisa, kanye nokunciphisa inqubo yokukhiqiza ama-rubber, ama-plastiki kanye ne-latex, ekufakeni izithombe, nokunamathisela kwamabhodi wesifunda abhalwe. Lesi sidakamizwa ngezinye izikhathi sisetshenziselwa ukucwiliswa nokugcoba.

I-ammonium persulfate: izakhiwo zomzimba namakhemikhali

I-Chemreactivity iyi-crystal lamellar engenambala, ngezinye izikhathi ibe ne-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-H2O (42.7%) isuke isetshenziswe kabi ngaphansi kokushisa kuka-15.5 ° C. Lapho kusetshenzwa ukushisa ngaphezu kwama-degrees angu-120, kukhishwa i-pyrosous ammonium, kuyilapho ikhishwa oksijini. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi usawoti owomile ungahlala cishe kuze kube nini nanini, kanti usawoti omanzi usheshe ukhiqize ngokukhipha oksijini ne-nitrogen. Izixazululo ezinomsoco zalesi sakhi ziqala ukugcoba i-hydrolyze ngisho nasekamelweni lokushisa, ngokushisa okukhulayo, inqubo yokubola iyanda. Ukuze unciphise ukubola, i- alum- alumali noma i-alkalin sulfates yensimbi yengezwa ezixazululweni ezinomsoco we-ammonium persulphate.

Ammonium persulfate: synthesis

I-reagent itholakala nge-electrolysis yesisombululo se- ammonium sulfate ku- sulfate acid. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha imbiza nge ububanzi bamamitha angu-20 nomthamo wamalitha amabili, uthele kuwo amalitha angu-1.7 wekhambi eligcwele lama-ammonium sulfate nama-milliliters amahlanu we-sulfate. Ingxube eholelekile yabe isetshenziselwa i-electrolysis isebenzisa ama-electrode eyenziwe nge-platinum wire. Uma kusetshenziswe i-electrolysis iqala ukuhogela i-ammonium hydroxide, bese ufaka i-ml emithathu ukuya emihlanu isisombululo esiphezulu se- ammonium sulfate ku-sulfate acid. Ngemuva kwamahora amathathu kuya kwangu amane, i-current ivuliwe futhi ama-electrodes asuliwe. Ngemuva kwamahora angu-24 e-electrolysis, kune-90 g ye-mashed ammonium sulfate enziwe futhi i-electrolysis iyaqhubeka ngamahora angu-70 engeziwe. Phakathi ne-electrolysis, gubungula isixazululo njalo. Ama-crystals okuphumela e-ammonium persulfate ahlukaniswa, futhi isixazululo siphinde sigcwele i-ammonium sulfate futhi i-acidified ne-sulfate acid. I-precipitate eholayo isomile ekushiseni kwama-degrees angaphezu kuka-40.

Njengomthetho, ukulungiswa okutholakala ngale ndlela kuqukethe okungaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-90 e-ammonium chloride, ngokuvamile kuvame ukusetshenziswa njenge-agent oxidizing. I-reagent ene-concentration encane yezinto ezisebenzayo ivuselelwa kabusha. Ukuze kusetshenziswe, u-700 g usawoti uchitheka ngendlela efana namanzi afudumele (cishe ngo-40 ° C). Ngokulandelayo, usebenzisa i-filter fold folder, isisombululo esihlaziyiwe sihlungiwe, emva kwalokho i-filtrate ihlile. Ama-crystals atholakala e-purified ammonium persulfate athathwa emgqonyeni weBuchner futhi agezwa ngamanzi. Ukulungiswa okulandelayo, njengoba umthetho, kufana nezidingo ze-reactents reagents ch.da.

I-ammonium persulfate iqhuma futhi ingabi umlilo, kodwa ikhuthaza ukushisa kwezinye izinto. Ngesikhathi sokushisa, kukhishwa izinto ezicasulayo nezingozi. Ukuthintana nalesi senzo esivuthayo ngezinto ezivuthayo akumukeleki, ngoba kubhekisela kuma-oxidants aqinile futhi kuphendula ngezinto ezivuthayo, kanye nama-agent anciphisa. Ngesikhathi sokushisa, i-ammonium persulfate idilika ngokushesha, futhi kukhishwa amagesi amaningi anobuthi anobuthi (i-nitrogen oxides, i- ammonia vapor, i-sulfur oxides). Ngokwezinga lomthelela emzimbeni womuntu, libhekisela ezintweni zesigaba sezinga lesithathu. I-dose evumelekile esiphezulu emoyeni yendawo yokusebenza ye-ammonium persulfate ingu-0.1 mg wamitha ngayinye.

I-ammonium persulfate inethonya elicasulayo esikhumbeni, kanye nasezingxenyeni zomlomo zomlomo, umlomo womlomo, umthambo wokuphefumula, isiqu. Ukuphulukiswa kwalesi sici kubangela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo se-asthmatic. Ngokuxhumana okuhlala isikhathi eside noma okuphindaphindiwe, kukhona i-dermatitis, i-eczema, evame ukuhambisana nokuphendula okwenziwe okwenzekayo ngendlela ye-nettle fever nokushaqeka.

Uma usebenza ne-reagent, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukene zokuzivikela (ukuphefumula, izigqoko zenjoloba, ama-overalls).