Ama-Macrolides. Ukuhlukaniswa (i-semisynthetic, yemvelo ne-azalides)

Indandatho ye-lactone ye-macrocyclic iyisisekelo senqubo yamakhemikhali yazo zonke izidakamizwa ze-macrolide. Ukuhlukaniswa kusho ukuhlukaniswa ngo-14, 15 no-16-tichlennye. Lawa ma-antibiotics abhekwa njengobuthi obuyingozi kakhulu.

Ama-Macrolides. Ukuhlukaniswa ngohlobo lwemvelaphi

Ama-macrolides wemvelo:

I-Macrolide "i-Erythromycin" yiyona ye-antibiotic yokuqala ye-bacteriostatic, eyakha iqembu elikhulu. Itholwe ngo-1952 kusukela eStreomyomy erythreus - isenzo se-soilinomycete. Ngenxa yokuthi i-macrolide "i-Erythromycin" inendawo yokubophezela ngokuphindaphindiwe i-ribosomal 50S-subunit, iphula ukuhlanganiswa kwezibopho ze-peptide phakathi kwama-amino acid molecule futhi yenza ukuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni ezincane ezincane. Kulesi simo, i-antibiotic "i-Erythromycin" ayithinti ukuqala kwama- nucleic acid. Ngezilinganiso ezinkulu, imiphumela ye-bactericidal ingenzeka ngokuqondene nezinhlobo ezithile ze-bacterial.

I-Macrolide "i-Spiramycin" iyimithi elwa namagciwane etholakala ku-Streptomyces ambofaciens actinomycete, ngummeleli wokuqala weqembu lama-macrolides angu-16. Indandatho ye-lactone iyisisekelo sokwakhiwa kwesidakamizwa esithi "Spiramycin". Iqukethe ama-athomu angu-16 e-carbon (C), okuhlanganiswa kuwo ama-residues ama-carbohydrate amathathu: mikaroza, i-forosamine ne-mycaminosis. Izidakamizwa ezinezithako ezisebenzayo i-spiramycin ekubunjweni kwazo zivamile eCanada, eLatin America naseYurophu.

I-Macrolide "i-Josamycin" iyisifo sokulwa namagciwane, ummeleli weqembu lama-macrolides angu-16. I-Streptomyces narbonensis ikhiqizwa. Unomphumela we-bactericidal. Iphazamisa ukuhlanganiswa kwama-protein compounds, ivimbela ukulungiswa kwe-RNA (ezokuthutha) futhi ibophezela emagumbini angu-50 eSundanini le-ribosomal, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukushintshaniswa kwama-peptides phakathi nendawo A. Ivumelekile ukuphatha izifo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ama-macrolides we-Semisynthetic:

I-Macrolide "i-Roxithromycin" iyisandulela sokuqala sokulwa namagciwane ayisithupha. Yatholakala ku-macrolide "i-Erythromycin". Izici zesakhiwo zinikeza ukumelana okuphakeme kuma-acids, imiphakamiso ye-microbiological kanye ne-pharmacokinetic eyenziwe ngcono.

I-Macrolide "I-Clarithromycin" iyi-antibiotic yelungu lama-14 elitholakala ku-macrolide "Erythromycin". Ukwenyuka kwamakhemikhali kwamakhemikhali kanye nezakhiwo ze-pharmacokinetic ne-antibacterial ezithuthukisiwe.

Ama-macrolides wemvelo-ama-antibiotic asebenza kakhulu ngokumelene ne-Gram-positive, amanye ama-microorganisms anesigamu-negative kanye ne-intracellular. Futhi ama-macrolides anamuhla, njenge-semisynthetic, asebenza ngokumelene ne-pseudomonads, i-enterobacteria, i-anaerobic microflora nezintambo ze-influenza.

Futhi, ekugcineni, i-azalides - ama-macrolides wesizukulwane sokugcina:

I-antibiotic "i-Azithromycin" ibhekisela ku-subclass ye-azalides, ehluke ngendlela ethile ekuhlosweni kwayo kusuka ezihlotsheni ezijwayelekile. Indandatho ye-macrolide "I-Azithromycin" akuyona i-lactone, kodwa i-15-membered. Ukumelana nama-acid ngesikhathi esifanayo kwandisa izikhathi ezingu-300 uma kuqhathaniswa ne-antibiotic "Erythromycin".

Ama-Macrolides. Ukuhlukaniswa ngesizukulwane:

1-e - amalungiselelo "Oleandomycin", "Erythromycin";
Ama-macrolides amabili "i-Roxithromycin", "i-Spiramycin", i- "Josamycin", "i-Midekamycin", i- "Clarithromycin";
I-3rd - macrolide "i-Azithromycin".

Izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotics we-macrolides. Ukuhlukaniswa izifo

Lokho okuthinta uhlelo lokuphefumula: i-sinusitis enzima, i- tysillopharyngitis ye-streptococcal, i-pneumonia etholakale emphakathini, ukuqhuma kwe-bronchitis, ukukhwehlela okunomkhuhlane, i-diphtheria.

Isikhumba kanye nezicubu ezithambile: i-syphilis, i-chlamydia, i- venereal lymphogranuloma, i-chancroid elula, i-acne.

Umlomo womlomo: i-periostitis ne-periodontitis.

I-digestive system: I-Campylobacter gastroenteritis, isilonda esiswini.

Okunye okufakiwe kuyasetshenziswa ukuvimbela izifo ezilandelayo: ukukhwehlela okukhwehlela, i-meningitis, i-rheumatism, i-endocarditis.