Ezinwabuzelayo apula: incazelo izinhlobo, ikakhulukazi ukutshala. Izinhlobonhlobo best of apula izihlahla eSiberia futhi Urals

Qoqa isivuno ocebile amahabhula nemibandela Western eSiberia naseMpumalanga Urals kuyinkinga ngenxa sezulu elibuhlungu kulezi zindawo. izihlahla Ngokucophelela ukushisa-onothando futhi ngokuvamile ngingofayo kusukela ebusika obubanda kakhulu nangenkathi frost okubuyisekayo. Izihlahla ngezimbobo obujwayelekile umqhele mpo ngokuvamile zoned kuphela zindawo eningizimu, futhi ngenxa yalokho ngeke usinde ezindaweni lapho izinga lokushisa kuyahluka iyehla iyenyuka abukhali. Uma ezihlukahlukene okunjalo futhi ingafi, izithelo kunganambitheki bakhe futhi akhule ezincane.

Kuhle apula izinhlobo eSiberia

Ngo izimo ezipholile, kungcono ukuba sikhule angajwayelekile ekhula ongaphakeme izihlahla ezinwabuzelayo. Ababona okhiqiza apula ezivamile, kodwa ukuma okungavamile kubenza bakwazi ukuthatha ngokuphelele indawo yokuhlala ngaphansi ikhava iqhwa nqabela. Izithombo sikhule aphansi emhlabathini sesimweni enalokho kuthambekela, ngoba izithelo isikhathi uvuthwe ngokushesha, ngaphambi frost. Ngaphandle ezinwabuzelayo apula ukubukeka engavamile kanye nosayizi compact kwenza kube lula ukuba sokuvuna umqhele. Khetha ama-apula, unga ngesandla, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile.

Kuhle apula izinhlobo eSiberia futhi Urals yilezi: Bayan, isikhumbuzo Altai Borovinka, Zheblovskoe, uMelba, North Sinap. Lezi zitshalo engcono ingashintshwa ukuze izimo sezulu ezindaweni ezibandayo. UMelba apula esihlahleni - ezihlukahlukene Canadian, libhekene izithelo ezinkulu, yokuvuthwa ngasekupheleni kuka-August. Apples kuleli kilasi zigcinwa isikhathi eside, kuphela inyanga. Incazelo, izithombe kanye nokubuyekeza mayelana apula Borovinka bathi lokhu ezihlukahlukene ubudala ine omuhle kakhulu hardiness ebusika futhi izithelo ezikhangayo okumnandi uvuthwe in ekwindla. Impilo eshalofini izikhathi ezimbili kuzo lokhu ukwedlula e uMelba - 2 izinyanga.

Izici yemifino apula izihlahla

Efanele apula esihlahleni enomqhele ovundlile kwaba umphumela ucwaningo balimi eSiberia, sekuyisikhathi eside okuyinto ngiphuphe ukudala isitshalo ukuthi ezovumelana nezimo zendawo ezikhulayo. Ukuphakama ezinwabuzelayo apula ngokuvamile ingeqi isigamu imitha, futhi amahlumela cishe phasi, goba ngaphansi Isisindo izithelo. Isivuno isihlahla ingatholakala 3-4 iminyaka emva kokutshala. Isikhathi esivamile okulindeleke ukuba izinhlobonhlobo apula izihlahla ezinwabuzelayo Uneminyaka ecishe ibe u-50. Stlantsevye izihlahla - lokhu akulona ezihlukahlukene esithile, kanye iqembu izitshalo, umqhele okuyinto ngokukhethekile kwakhiwa ngenxa umsebenzi kanzima izazi zezolimo namahlathi.

Yanoma iluphi uhlobo kungenziwa ezinwabuzelayo. Kodwa stlantsev ukuvundiswa kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi ezingaphezu izihlahla ejwayelekile. Ebusika, izitshalo goba emhlabathini wokulima ebusweni inhlabathi yase mayelana 5 cm, amagatsha itheku sonwele humus kanye nezinye izinto. Uma entwasahlobo elicibilikile iqhwa, kubalulekile ukuba wenze uhlaka isendlalelo phezu kwesihlahla, futhi ngemva incibilikiswa Kunalokho, ngesikhathi ukukhululwa kwe ikhava isitshalo.

Indlela ukukhetha yisithombo

Apples nafomu ezinwabuzelayo kungenzeka yokuvuthwa ezahlukene, kodwa kufanele icatshangelwe Ukukhetha izithombo, ngokukhetha ofanele kakhulu inhlamvu Urals naseSiberia. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa wildings wendawo njengoba isiphunzi kanye Scion ingabe kukhona kulokhu ezihlukahlukene ezimnandi. Izitshalo elinezimfanelo ezifana ngokuvamile adayiswa kuyo. Ukwahlulela incazelo, izithombe kanye nokubuyekeza mayelana apula Borovinka, kuba kahle for the Scion futhi sisetshenziswa kabanzi kulezi zindawo. Ukuthenga apula esihlahleni, kungcono makudle izitshalo nge simiso esibanzi impande, amahlamvu fresh futhi iziqu awugqinsi.

Lungisa inhlabathi for apula

Njengoba lisetshenziswe munye isihlahla izithombo nge fibrous uhlelo impande. I ububanzi we stem kufanele kube ngu-1 cm. Izimpande aqukethe ngokufakwa emanzi yisikhulumi zobumba. Lapho iqembu zokutshala inkumbi ibanga phakathi apula kumele okungenani ibe 4 amamitha ngaphandle. Khetha indawo nomhlaba uvikelekile ezintweni okusalungiswa eqhweni ebusika akuyona phephula emoyeni. isivuno engcono kakhulu ingatholakala ngokufaka ezikhulayo i apula phezu kwezwe aluhlaza.

Zogqinsi engenhla inhlabathi kumele kube evundile, ngoba isihlahla amandla uthola ke kuzo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukugwema izindawo ezimanzi, ngoba phezu-ogelezayo nokumanzisa kohlelo impande kuholela ukuwohloka yayo. Ukutshala imbobo ayilungiselele kusengaphambili ngokuqhuba izifundo indinganiso pre-umsebenzi. Isikhathi elikhulu zokutshala - Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho efihlekile phezu kwezihlahla abangazange okwamanje iqhakazile, noma ukuwa sekwephuzile, emasontweni amabili ngaphambi ukuqala frost.

Ukutshala yemifino apula izihlahla

Pit bemba engajulile kodwa ububanzi, futhi usigcwalisa inhlabathi izakhi at 2/3 ukuphakama. Inhlabathi exutshwe humus nokumbiwa umquba, wenze indunduma esime a Isigaxa. Ukutshala stlantsev inezici ezithile: yisithombo kufanele ibekwe umgodi hhayi thwi kodwa i-engela degrees 35. Top ithuba eningizimu. Vikela abasha apula izihlahla ekulimaleni ngesikhathi eguqa kungenzeka, uma uvula indawo Imi ku spike isiphunzi emhlabathini. Awukwazi bangcwabe esiphikeni impande, noma wagqoka ukujula kancane kakhulu. Engingakusho nje 5 cm ngaphezu komhlabathi, noma ukhiqiza eziningi amahlumela emhlabeni isitokwe, futhi kubalulekile ukuba njalo ukusika. Ukungena ngokweqile kuholela waterlogging entanyeni impande futhi kungabangela ukubola yayo.

Rootlets ngesikhathi kokwehla kumele kube ngokuqinile futhi ukusabalalisa yashayisa unqenqema ngaphakathi kahle, bese embozwe inhlabathi kanye ngophawu. Yisithombo ngobuningi bazithela. Per isihlahla kuzodinga 2-3 amabhakede amanzi. Khona-ke umhlabathi emhlabeni semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla usebenzisa udoti Peat, humus noma umquba. Ngaphansi ohlangothini lokunene abasha apula izihlahla buyela isixha utshani noma utshani ukuvimbela ukusha amagxolo. Lapho ukutshala ngasekupheleni iwe yearlings aguqe phansi futhi silungise ngezinkintsho, kungukuthi libhujiswa frost ebusika.

kumiswa Ofanele ezinwabuzelayo apula

Izindlela ezivame kakhulu ukwakha stlantsev kubhekwe Arctic ikhabe. Esikhathini okufana Arctic amagatsha izithombo ibheke bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene, e amakhabe - ngesimo fan. lezo zinhlobo omdala apula esihlahleni hlala endaweni enkulu, ngoba ukwakheka isikhala esisindisa dvuplechnogo stlantsa esetshenziswa. Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo eguqa, ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, zonke izihlahla engasithathi impahla isigubungelo kanye umqhele sithenwe ngomunye wesithathu ukukhula ngonyaka. Ngo-June iqala ukwakheka umqhele.

Izinkuni egoba ngobumnene, ubambe ukuze imigomo endaweni ekunqandeni hhayi lezi zindaba. Ngaphambi kokuba azakhele ezinwabuzelayo apula, it is fixed izingwegwe sokhuni. Ukuvikela izithombo ukusha ukuba goba ebusweni inhlabathi kuyadingeka, kangangokuba kwaba kufika ku 5-6 cm. Kufanele kuqashelwe ekunqandeni base akuyona arched, kungenjalo kwesihlahla luyokhula kabi. Uhlangothi isiqu ithunyelwa kwezinhlangano fixed esebenzisa izingwegwe. amagatsha lwamathambo goba futhi kancane ezisontekile ukuze ukwakheka, awazange ayiphule. Maphakathi no ekwindla lift amahlumela futhi fixed izingwegwe.

Ngaphambi ukuqala abandayo ebusika sezulu izithombo abasha hilling inhlabathi ukuze awuvikele zeqhwa of. Ngonyaka olandelayo, lapho neqhwa, isiqu umbe kancane, futhi ingwegwe isusiwe. Ngo-August, ukwakheka amahlumela lwamathambo stlantsa ngoba kukhona okwamanje nezimo kakhulu. Imicu fed izinhlangothi bese prishpilivayut.

Inqubo kususa amagatsha omisiwe futhi ephukile, mncane out umqhele ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukugwema Ukufiphaza ngokweqile ke izinso ukuthuthukisa kangcono. Zonke abagijimi yentiwe futhi iqondiswa ngendlela efanele, njengoba umuthi emhlabathini. Uma noma igatsha ebambezela ukuthuthukiswa umqhele, ingcosana yayo kushidi wesine aguqule ibe othela izithelo. Lapho yena otrastot, ukuphinda inqubo. Adult apula prostrate ukuqala kubanda kufanele kube 25 cm ngaphezu kwamanzi umhlabathi, noma umqhele vymerznet uma iqhwa akwanele.

Uyabakhathalela umqhele stlantsev

Eyakheke kahle skeleton etholakale lapho i amahlumela kwesihlahla omdala musa bavuke ngenhla. Minyaka yonke, amagatsha asemancane eqondiswa at emhlabathini phambi basebusika, futhi ehlobo lokufeza izihlahla sanitary. Ngaphambi usike apula ezinwabuzelayo, kufanele ukulungiselela ithuluzi abukhali futhi ingadi Var ngoba glossing Spila. Ngo-August, phezulu phusha out ukuyeka ukukhula amagatsha nebhalsamu namagxolo kwadingeka isikhathi stiffen ngaphambi kubanda. bakheké ngokuphelele umqhele eminyakeni 5-6 emva kokutshala. Into ebaluleke kakhulu - ukuba nizifeze zonke lezi kwemisebenti ngalowo mnyaka. Le nqubo isikhathi esiningi, kodwa uma kungenjalo apula iyeke ahambe futhi ibe isihlahla abavamile.

umumo okunjalo akukhona okungokwemvelo lapho isitshalo, ngoba ngeke zivame ukukhula zibe thwi futhi ukwanda eziqongweni. Asikwazi ukhiqize izihlahla ezinwabuzelayo kuhlanganise ngqo. Ngenxa yalesi yisithombo lonyaka owodwa sithenwe ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo phezu izinso yesihlanu, kusale isiphunzi akukho kuka 15 cm ubude. Running amahlumela ziqondiswe ohlangothini prishpilivayut futhi at ibanga 7 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Inqubo okwalandela ukwakha umqhele replicates indlela ezivamile. Izimbangela eziphawuleka kakhulu ekhelini isiqu kunciphisa ukuba 1/3 obude. Kodwa le ndlela akuvamile esetshenziswa balimi abanolwazi.

Ukunakekela apula izihlahla

Indlela anakekele ezinwabuzelayo apula esihlahleni? Stlantsev izindikimba ngesikhathi fruiting esi efiselekayo usebenzisa trellis. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukulimala ingila abolile apula. Izithelo zalo muthi isuswe ngesandla kanye stem, ukunakekela ilimaze izithelo efihlekile, futhi ehliselwa ibhokisi noma kubhasikidi ukuqoqa. Ukuze isitoreji zesikhathi eside kufanele azame ukumosha enamathela wax esikhumbeni. Isiza apula bahlale fresh futhi kuvimbela iphele ukuphuma.

Lungiselela apula ebusika

Apple nemithi Urals zidinga indawo ebusika. Ngenxa yale njongo bona Spud semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla ungqimba futhi enhlabathini evundile 10 cm ubude. Umqhele ukufukamela kulowo muthi kungaba lapnikom, ngotshani obomile namahlamvu, noma ezinye izinto. Izitshalo ukuze avikeleke emimoyeni namagundane, emazombezombe noma ukubeka iziqu Capron isicupho lolo anobuthi. Ubuthi kumelwe kususwe entwasahlobo ukuze sigweme pecked yizinyoni.

Omunye ongakhetha ukumboza ezinwabuzelayo apula:

• ukuphasa zonke amahlumela lwamathambo zasesiteji ukuthi ayizange ibhidlike kusukela isisindo impahla;
• isihlahla ezimboziwe izicubu eziwugqinsi, njengamathambo, burlap;
• Edge emhlabeni azungezwe bezwe ngilale;
• ezibekwe phezu ungqimba obukhulu Hessian ngci impahla;
• ukuvikela ubuso kusukela ekutholeni oilcloth ezimanzi;
• Bopha amabhodi Uhlaka, afafaze phezulu inhlabathi.

Izihlahla kudingeka ukugqiba isiqu, esiqhutshwa phambi indawo ebusika. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukushiswa esikhanyayo entwasahlobo kwelanga. Susa ikhava akukwazi ekuseni kakhulu, noma apula podmorznut uma yesithwathwa ukubuyela. izihlahla Young kakhulu sensitive ngokuphazima kweso lapho izinga lokushisa kukhona, ngoba Ukuvikelwa sisuswa kancane kancane.

izihlahla yenhlanzeko nokunakekela umqhele

Umqhele izithombo kudingeka thinning njalo aphume, ithinta kakhulu fruiting.

Imiphumela Ukusincwela okungajwayelekile:

• ukusabalala kwezifo kanye izinambuzane;
• ophawulekayo ezinkathini zakamuva;
• ongaphakeme ukunambitheka izinga apula;
• ukulahlekelwa ifomu, izithelo obmelchanie.

Khanyisa umqhele futhi ususe amahlumela ngokweqile kudingeka ngonyaka. Lokhu kwelashwa rejuvenates kwesihlahla kudaleke ukuthuthukiswa yayo. Nge zezimbali obuningi phakathi fruiting lokuqala zidinga thinning ezikhiqiza amaqanda, njengoba isitshalo young ayikwazi okulonda isivuno sasiyoba sikhulu.

Izifo kanye izinambuzane stlantsev

Imithi inkumbi apula uhlukile ongavamile. Zemithi kufanele njalo bahlanza of ukhula yene futhi lula ukufinyelela emoyeni ezimpandeni futhi kuncisha izakhi isitshalo. Kungcono amboza umhlabathi emhlabeni njalo okuze ukhula. Indlela elula ukusingatha izihlahla dvuplechnoy umqhele lapho stlantsa amagatsha baqondiswa ngezindlela ezimbili. Kulula kakhulu ukusebenza omdala apula esikhulu. Izinambuzane izitshalo yemifino zilimele kancane kaningi kunezinye, njengoba izinambuzane uthanda ukuhlehlisa izibungu ezindaweni eziphakeme.

Esinye sezifo ezivamile of apula utwayi kuyinto amaqabunga kanye nezithelo. It kubonakala ngesimo namabala amnyama phezu nezithelo kugasela tern amaqabunga. Lesifo elikhula ngokushesha eminyakeni ezimanzi, ikakhulukazi izihlahla kakhulu uqweqwe, lapho kungekho izihlahla njalo umqhele. Izithelo ukhuni ethintekile ukubola kanti amacembe - sidilike. Aphathe kufanele isifo amakhemikhali ezikhethekile. Ngokuba nokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa Bordeaux ingxube, njalo sishaye izitshalo zakhe. Kubalulekile njalo ukushisa amaqabunga bawa futhi izithelo. Apple izihlahla somzimba sokuzivikela esiqinile musa ukuthuthukisa uqweqwe, noma ngabe ezinhlamvu yaleli ukhunta exhunywe amahlamvu.

Okunye isifo njalo - moniliosis. Lubonakaliswa abolile izithelo, amaqabunga kanye amahlumela. izihlahla Young singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela ukubonakaliswa ukutheleleka abukhali blackening skeleton amahlumela. Ngoba kubalulekile ukususa kuwo esikhathini, usike ukucutshungulwa nezinye imifantu e iphimbo uqweqwe engadini. ukubhubhisa njalo izithelo ezilimele futhi bawa for lokuvikela.