Ezibiyele iminyuziyamu kanye nokuvakashela izindawo. Uhlolojikelele kanye nokusebenza eMoscow ezibiyele Eminyuziyamu

Imyuziyemu-Londoloza "Moscow ezibiyele" yasungulwa ngo-1991 ngesisekelo isimo ekhona ezibiyele iminyuziyamu. Isidingo ukuhlanganisa izinhlangano disparate kwamasiko kwaba yisikhathi eside, kodwa i-scope entsha yephrojekthi ayivunyelwe ukusebenzisa uhlelo kokujwayelekile ukuhlanganiswa - ukulungiselela tekuhlangana kwezihloko bokwakha Kuthethe iminyaka eminingana. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Museum entsha nehlukile sidalwe the Kremlin. Moscow, inhloko-dolobha, i-dolobha elikhulu lomhlaba wonke, yazuza omunye grand embukisweni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

lokuhlala

Ngemva uchungechunge ucwaningo i Ensemble ngobukhulu ezakhiwo laseRussia lathola isimo Museum-reserve. Ngo-2001, kuMqondisi-Jikelele we-Association of Museums isibe Elena Yurevna gagarina, indodakazi Cosmonaut edume Yuri Gagarin. Imyuziyemu-Londoloza "Moscow ezibiyele 'ubelokhu ngokomlando njalo yokuhlala tsars isiRashiya, futhi kamuva - omongameli. Njengamanje, iyisonto izinga flat futhi uMongameli Russia Vladimira Vladimirovicha Putina.

Umlando ezibiyele

Towers ezindongeni ezibiyele ezakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15, phakathi nokubusa Ivan le Kubi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sakha eziningi izakhiwo yezakhiwo kubekwe phakathi azungezwe we Kremlin. Namuhla, ehlukile Museum-Londoloza "I ezibiyele" kuhlanganisa amasonto amathathu: Assumption, Annunciation futhi Uyingelosi Enkulu. Bonke babe value zomlando abalulekile. The Ensemble sihlanganisa neminye iminyuziyamu we ezibiyele Armoury, iChurch of sebethule Robe, Ivan Omkhulu Bell, iSonto Nambili. Esikhathini uqimba engezansi Annunciation Cathedral of esichasiselweni ngokuningiliziwe ibonisa isihloko ezibiyele nemivubukulo. I iminyuziyamu ivezwa kahle cishe zonke izinhlobo zobuciko, ngezindlela ezingafani, futhi ibonisa isiko emagcekeni ezigodlo nabefundisi ephakeme. isakhiwo ngasinye - kuba isakhiwo izakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, khomba ngenkathi ezikhathini ezidlule. I Interiors yobuciko yezakhiwo lasendulo umxhwele nenkazimulo yawo, charm izivakashi ezidlulayo isitayela nekhulu le-16 nele-17, kanye nekhulu le-19.

ukuthandwa

Moscow ezibiyele, lapho Museum akuyona kuphela esihlalweni ziphephile eziyivelakancane, kodwa bona ngokwabo abathandi izikhumbuzo kwamasiko, ingaphansi ukusekelwa UNESCO, ayanda ejensi ukuphepha. Ababekhona main Museum eziyinkimbinkimbi eMoscow lephula wonke amarekhodi, kunyaka ngokusebenzisa Borovitskie esangweni futhi Spasskaya umbhoshongo ku Red Square izivakashi abayizithulu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Isithakazelo sabantu e isiko Russian lasendulo akusho buthaka, izivakashi ehhotela - iziqondiso oqeqeshwe kahle abazimisele ukukhuluma ngomlando YaseMoscow ezibiyele, kanye nomndeni wasebukhosini kanye nabasizi bayo.

ukuthutha bobukhosi

Izimali esemqoka ye ezibiyele ukuvezwa kubhekwa I Armoury, nezoqala zonke izinkambo emnyango kuya ezibiyele kusukela Borovitskaya umbhoshongo. Moscow ezibiyele, iminyuziyamu kabani ziphephile zihlukene, has iqoqo eliyingqayizivele kwamakalishi, okuyinto waphuma asebukhosini, abameleli yezikhulu eliphakeme, basondela ukuze lo mbusi, abeluleki kanye nezicukuthwane. Exposure umelwe in ezahlukene kusukela elula kuya sledge inqola multi. Siqu Catherine Convertible eseduze Chaise ibanga elide, futhi stroller umgcinimafa imele eceleni iqembu double i ukungcebeleka kusihlwa.

A ekamelweni elihlukile kugcinelwe izingubo ukuthi kwaba imfashini ngesikhathi, indawo ekhethekile kuhlala headgear bobukhosi, igcwele ngamatshe ayigugu, ehlotshiswe noboya Sable. Lo mbukiso main - the Cap ka Monomakh umphetho ocebile ukusikiwa nge emeralds futhi ibe ngeyamarubi. Egumbini elilandelayo iqoqo "Easter egg Faberge". Inkantolo abakhandi Carl Fabergé nabasizi bakhe wadala uchungechunge yobuciko yobuciko lo othengisa sika, okuyinto wenza setfulo esibanzi. Lo mbukiso main iqoqo Faberge Easter Egg "Moscow ezibiyele". Lena isithombe eliqoshiwe ka kwalezi zakhiwo ezimbili ezinde edume kunayo ezibiyele - uMsindisi futhi Vodovzvodnaya.

Towers waphonsa zethusi ingxubevange, igolide nesiliva. Phakathi kwabo athambekele ngqo "Iqanda lephasika", ngaphakathi lapho ngamagugu ibekwe lombhishobhi ingaphakathi Assumption. Bheka imifanekiso-miniature phezu iconostasis tyablovom kungenzeka ngokubheka efasiteleni arched. Lokhu wobuciko yobuciko lo othengisa sika idume neqiniso lokuthi wayeseholela ibashiye imingcele Russia, nakuba izinkampani embukisweni angaphandle ngabe bakubheka njengelungelo uma kuphela isikhathi ukuze ulifake nokucacisa yabo. Umkhiqizo eyingqayizivele ngamagugu abadumile oba njalo osindayo yocezu olulodwa leshohamu lapho.

zibelesela

Evulekile imele omunye ziphephile edume kunayo eMoscow ezibiyele, Tsar Cannon, inganono esiyingqayizivele, waphonsa lethusi master Andreem Chohovym e 1586. I isibhamu libhekwa njengoba "zibelesela", kanye ngezigaba entsha iyona nodaka. umongo ngamunye unesisindo esingamathani angaba ngu-2, ububanzi umgqomo we isibhamu - 890 mm, ukala yinkosi-isibhamu amathani 42. Kokudubula nosimende kungaba kwakuthiwa kuphela, ngoba ukuze ukushaja ke, kudingeka wenze imizamo okukhulu.

A wobuciko cast iron

Omunye umbukiso grand - kuba Tsar Bell. Ngo-1730, ngemiyalo yezikhulu Empress Anny Ioannovny, kwaqala umsebenzi ukulahlwa insimbi ngobukhulu emlandweni ibhizinisi Foundry. Yenza umsebenzi ngokulandelana, ubaba nendodana Matorina. Phakathi yomsebenzi wokulungiselela lo Matorin abaphezulu wafa, nabo bonke umsebenzi okwakudingeka akwenze indodana. Ngo 1735 yonke into isilungele inqubo ukugcwaliswa, e smelters eziyisithupha abilisiwe zethusi udini emgodini ukuthi ukulungele ukwamukela metal esibunjiweyo. insimbi Ready esingamathani angaba 200 ukuphakama kwalo 6.3 amamitha. Nokho insimbi phansi kakhulu phakathi komlilo, ngenxa lokushisa sishintsha metal uye aqhephukile futhi waphula ngesisindo isiqeshana omkhulu. Ngakho, isakhiwo sokuphana ngento enkulu uye baphela njengesizwe isikhencezo yesonto belfry futhi uye waba ucezu Museum. Moscow ezibiyele, iminyuziyamu zazo njalo olusha kanye rarities entsha, uye abe litheku esiyingqayizivele Tsar Bell.

Assumption Cathedral

Omunye amasonto ezimhlophe okokuqala itshe eMoscow, Cathedral of kweNyuka, ezakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15 ngumkhaya umakhi Aristotle Fioravanti. Eminyakeni eyisikhombisa emva ukwakhiwa isithonjana umdwebi owaziwa noDiyonisiyu uqalile yokudweba izindonga zethempeli. Umsebenzi kwaqhubeka waze 1515. Phakathi nekhulu le-17 leminyaka Cathedral of kweNyuka ukuthi ngesineke phezu, kodwa nemidwebo ubudala ziye kancane walondoloza futhi zingcono kakhulu lasendulo isithonjana-imidwebo amaphethini ku yonke insimu we Kremlin.

KweNyuka Cathedral enkulu yamathuna enkulu lapho amanga izinsalela Metropolitan of Kiev, eMoscow anesithoba Umbhishobhi omkhulu eMoscow, owashona ngo-ngekhulu le-17.

Cathedral of the Annunciation

Ithempeli isendaweni Cathedral Square e-Moscow Kremlin. Yakhiwa 1489 wasendulo engaphansi elimhlophe-itshe, osale lombhishobhi ubudala. Ngo-1547 ibandla kulimala ngomlilo lavuselelwa kuphela 1564, ne abaklami ukwakhela izahluko ezimbili kusukela Izindlwana altare. Ngo-1572, isonto lombhishobhi lakha lokho okubizwa ngokuthi Grozny kompheme. I iconostasis has ezimbili zamahalananda imifanekiso, "Deesis" futhi "iholide" ngu Andrei Rublev futhi Feofana Greka. On kompheme kukhona isithombe zefilosofi: Aristotle, uHomer Anaxagoras, UPlutarch, uPtolemy. Amasango enyakatho ehlotshiswe bas-Imifanekiso ka sasendulo saseRoma abaprofethikazi sibyls. Ubulili lombhishobhi wenziwe jade amapuleti.

Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-18, ithempeli yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo isonto endlini kaJehova tsars eMoscow. Futhi ngesikhathi Petersburg ukubusa Annunciation ethempelini kuyinto protopresviterianstva ukumelwa.

Cathedral of Ingelosi Eyinhloko

isonto Five-oluyingungu we Izindlwana eziyisishiyagalombili ezakhiwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16. I umhlobiso yangaphakathi lombhishobhi laqedwa ngokuphelele iminyaka engu-150 kuphela kamuva, ngemizamo abadwebi Fedora Zubova, uStepan Ryazantsev, Iosifa Vladimirova. Kamuva elingaphakathi uvele tyablovy iconostasis sokhuni, zaveza igolide. ukuphakama kwalo 13 amamitha.

Ingelosi Eyinhloko Cathedral idume le yamathuna enkulu, ehlanganisa 54 yokungcwaba, phakathi kwawo - shrine oyingcwele Prince uDmitry Ivanovich futhi Chernigovskogo Mihaila. Necropolis iqukethe 46 tombstones ngemihlobiso kanye nokwenza amalungiselelo omngcwabo housings wethusi. Ngo-1928, ekamelweni engaphansi ethempelini izinsalela Romanov abesifazane Rurik bathunyelwa, elalikade ephumule Church of the Ascension Monastery.

Ezibiyele Museums, imodi esebenzayo

Omunye izikhungo ebaluleke kakhulu embukisweni Russia usebenza unyaka wonke ikhalenda. Ngezansi sansuku zonke nemibukiso, kufakwe "ezibiyele" Museum. Amahora okuvula yemikhakha Museum anikezwa kanje:

Zonke amakamelo Museum evulekile kusukela 10 ekuseni kuya ku-17 ntambama nsuku zonke. Phakathi nenkathi ehlobo - kusuka amahora 10 kuya 18.

ULwesine - ngosuku.

Ticket ehhovisi ivuliwe nsuku zonke (ngaphandle ngoLwezine) kusukela 9:30 kuya 16:30, ehlobo - kumahora angu-17. Amathikithi zingathengwa Alexander Garden, metro station "Lenin Library".

"Armoury" The Museum ivuliwe iziqondiso amaseshini: 10,00, 12.00, 14,30, 16,30. Amathikithi zidayiswa ehhovisi ibhokisi 45 amaminithi ngaphambi kweseshini.

Lo mbukiso "Antiquities we ezibiyele", ise Annunciation Cathedral ivuliwe nsuku (ngaphandle ngoLwesine): izinkambo waqondisa at 10,15, 11,15, 12,15, 13,15, 14,15, 15,15, 16,15.

Intengo Ithikithi umnyango Cathedral Square - 350 ruble abadala, ama-ruble angu-150 abafundi.

On ngamaholidi nangezimpelasonto uphiwa amathikithi umndeni kuyinto esekelwe abadala ababili nezingane ezimbili. Intengo elilodwa ithikithi - ruble 100.

Intengo Ticket ngesikhathi Armoury - ruble 700 abadala futhi ruble 200 kwabahola impesheni, abafundi kanye nezingane zesikole.

Souvenirs nama-postcard

Ezibiyele Museums, nemibukiso, yezobuciko, imibukiso thematic nezinye izenzakalo angaphansi kohlelo, nesipiliyoni anqwabelene eminyakeni. Njalo isivakashi kuya ezibiyele wabingelela njengesivakashi abathandekayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unakho konke okokufaka edingekayo. Iincwajana, isakhiwo, izinto eziyizikhumbuzo amakhadi - konke etholakala noma eliphi inani. Moscow ezibiyele, iminyuziyamu okuyinto Sinesithakazelo esuka kubantu emhlabeni wonke, uyaqhubeka ukuthola izivakashi.