EYurophu nase-Asia. Yikuphi ulwandle ixhunywe Marmara Bosphorus?

Umkhawulo umhlaba phakathi eYurophu nase-Asia ligijima ezintabeni, esise-Ural, eCaucasus, nolwandle - amanzi ezilwandle nakuzo Bosporus eziningana. Mayelana kwalokho, lokho ixhunyiwe yolwandle Marmora Bosphorus, kuzoxoxwa ngakho esihlokweni.

Bosphorus: Umsuka

Nge igama strait phakathi ogwini eYurophu nase-Asia axhunyiwe ngokuthinta inganekwane yamaGreki asendulo. Uma uZeyusi wathandana nentombazane enhle Io, owayenguyise indodakazi kankulunkulu emfuleni. Ukuze ugweme ulaka Hera, unkosikazi kaZeyusi, Io, ukuthatha uhlobo inkomo, wavele emanzini Strait, okuyinto eye kusukela igama Inkomo (sezinkomo) ezibukweni, noma Bosphorus. Abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi ulwandle ixhunywe Marmara Bosphorus. Ulwandle, okuyinto ixhunywe Marmara ngokusebenzisa Bosporus, elimnyama.

Strait kungenxa kumiswa uzamcolo Black Sea, okwenzeka eminyakeni engaba ngu-8000 edlule. Yena exhumene ezilwandle ezimbili: kusukela Bosphorus (strait) lebhokisi Black futhi Marmara kwezilwandle. Enye inguqulo ye-Strait of imfundo - izikhukhula embhedeni emfuleni. Zombili izinguqulo babe ubufakazi obungokwesayensi, nesimo sendawo phansi futhi izici flora zichazwe iphuzu lokuqala umbono, futhi khona ukugeleza double, fresh futhi usawoti, - yesibili.

Bosphorus: Inani

Strait ine ezehlukile indawo. He hlungula eYurophu nase-Asia. Bosphorus Strait ehola evela oLwandle Olumnyama kuya Marmara kanye emuva kuyindlela evela oLwandle Olumnyama World Ocean kuphela. Ngakho, Bosphorus ibaluleke geopolitical. Amanzi Bosphorus kukhona elisendleleni izimpahla owayevela eYurophu, ikakhulukazi ezivela emazweni Black Sea (eRussia, Ukraine, amazwe Caucasus) e-Afrika, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika abaye, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Yikuphi ulwandle ixhunywe Marmara Bosphorus? Kuyinto abamnyama, nolwandle maphakathi nezwe, okuyiwona ubude Strait-30 km kuyinto imiyalezo umzila osendaweni ebalulekile nge-Mediterranean evulekile.

Dardanelle

Ukuze uphume aphelela olwandle ngemikhumbi eya eSea of Marmara (ngalokho ixhunywe Marmara Sea Bosphorus, okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla), udinga ukuba banqobe hhayi kuphela Bosphorus, kodwa omunye strait ebaluleke ngokulinganayo - iDardanelles. A ukuqoqwa besebunzimeni yokuxhuma eSea of Marmara kuya-Aegean neMedithera ngezansi. He is kabili njengoba nje Bosphorus. Dardanelless Bosphorus futhi ngokulinganayo amabhizinisi abalulekile womhlaba, kwezomnotho nakwezombusazwe.

Bosphorus, Turkey

Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi strait ensimini Turkey lifaka. Bosphorus ngokuphindaphindiwe ivaliwe iziphathimandla Turkish ngenxa yezizathu zezombangazwe nezomnotho. izitsha Foreign badabula Bosporus kuphela ngemva kokuthola ilayisensi ekhethekile Turkey. Ngenxa le nqubomgomo ngezikhathi ezithile kukhona ukuphikisana phakathi kwamazwe Black Sea ne-Turkey. Okwamanje, amanzi Bosphorus abhekwa evulekile, kodwa iziphathimandla Turkish ugciné ilungelo ukhawule nokuwela Strait of imikhumbi yezempi nezitsha emazweni non-Black Sea.

Bosphorus futhi Istanbul

Kusukela Bosphorus ihlobene ngokuqondile umlando ingenye yamadolobha amadala kakhulu emhlabeni - Istanbul. Indawo Istanbul uhlukile: insimu yalo eYurophu, futhi e-Asia, kanye Bosphorus iyona umngcele wemvelo phakathi izingxenye ezimbili zezwe futhi edolobheni. Kulokhu, ingxenye European yedolobha - lena isikhungo esiyinhloko zamasiko nezomlando, lapho iningi labantu. Istanbul (owaziwa nangokuthi waseConstantinople, waseConstantinople, eByzantium) futhi wabhekisela encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla lasendulo njengoba endaweni wasuka-Orthodox ezweni Russian. Lo muzi, esemgwaqweni inhliziyo Bosphorus, Inabantu abaningi ukwedlula e-Europe. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa indawo yayo endaweni enhle, ne umlando wayo ocebile namasiko ahlukile.

Istanbul Bosphorus kwenza ngisho esimatasa imizila yemikhumbi kuyi-jikelele. Ngokwesibonelo, umthwalo phezu Suez Canal ohlanganisa uLwandle Olubomvu eMedithera, lincane kathathu. Ihamba kusuka emazweni Black Sea njalo zazitholakala Bosphorus.

umthwalo ongako has nomthelela obalulekile emvelweni edolobheni. Ezingavamile, kodwa zenzeka uwoyela ochithekile kusukela odlulayo emathangini avuzayo yonkana oLwandle Olumnyama. Ihamba, izimoto, inani elikhulu amabhizinisi bangcolise indawo ezungezile e Istanbul. On ogwini Bosphorus Akusiwo lawa ethi awafike amagagasi ngenxa ongcolile nomsindo, futhi ebusuku edolobheni akuvamile ukubona izinkanyezi ngoba ukukhanya oversaturation. Nokho, elisungulwe Istanbul, isimo kwemvelo akagcini ukugeleza multi-million izivakashi. Phela, umuzi iyingqayizivele ngempela.

Izikhangibavakashi Istanbul ngesikhathi Bosphorus

Cabanga Istanbul ngaphandle izikebhe eziningi futhi vapur ezazihamba komunye ngasogwini Bosphorus ukuba omunye akunakwenzeka. Inani labantu base-idolobha ngeke akwenze ngaphandle lolu ezokuthutha, ngoba lukhulu labantu ohlangothini Asian Istanbul wavakashela nsuku zonke European. Vapury futhi izikebhe ukunikeza umbala okhethekile edolobheni. Basiza izivakashi ukuze uthole ezinye ezikhangayo esisogwini ogwini Bosphorus.

Nge ugu zezivakashi Gaze esibheke Dolmahche izigodlo, Yildiz Boukoleon, Vlaharnskogo emanxiweni asesigodlweni, izinqaba eziningi nezigodlo.

Chief phakathi kwayo i-Palace Museum Topkan - mhlawumbe Isigodlo esihle kakhulu yoMbuso wase-Ottoman Sultans, ongumhloli nephuzu we izimpawulo Sarayburnu ukuthi wageza eSea of Marmara, iGolden Horn kanye Bosphorus.

Istanbul, ubumnandi kanye kwengozi lokhu okwakumfaka ephila, owuthanda ne ubuhle bayo, umlando wasendulo elithakazelisayo, isiko ehlukile. Nokho, emathangini avuzayo athwele amafutha nezinye imithi enobungozi ezibangela ukukhathazeka. Ukuma futhi ugu we Bosphorus nzima ngoba ukudlula imikhumbi emikhulu. Kodwa abashayeli bezindiza afanelekayo ekugwemeni izingozi phezu Bosporus.