Ekutshaleni imbewu ukholifulawa in ekhanyayo. Ukholifulawa: ukutshala izithombo kanye nokunakekela

Ukholifulawa e impahla yayo lwethu lokudla okunempilo idlula ngisho iklabishi. Futhi yeka indlela enhle kubukeka esitsheni isaladi! Kuyo omningi izakhi, C amavithamini, B1, B2, PP. Uma athwale iklabishi ezimbi ngenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu okuqukethwe fiber, sekuyisikhathi sokucabanga ngalokho ukuthi ube nakho ku engadini kusayithi lakho ukholifulawa ixazululwe. It is kugaywe ngokushesha bese kubhekwa yemifino wezokudla. amakhanda White abilisiwe isobho side izitsha, e zicwiliswe kuyoba enkulu Vitamin ibhekwa etafuleni lakho. Isihloko sihloko namuhla yethu - zokutshala ukholifulawa, ngakho asihambe ngqo ubuqili Agro-lobuchwepheshe.

indawo ukulungiselela

Ukutshala ukholifulawa kwenziwa emibhedeni pre-okulungiselelwe, kuyilapho amasu wezolimo kumele athobele imithetho ethile. Ngo ekwindla, emva isivuno main isusiwe, qala elungisa inhlabathi for entwasahlobo zokutshala. Ukuze wenze lokhu ke khulula, susa nokhula, futhi isinambuzane izibungu. Ngemva cishe amasonto amabili kube avundiswa - ngamunye imitha square ku-5 kg amaqabunga organic, 30 g we umanyolo kanye phosphate umquba. Ngemuva kokwenza i-embhedeni zikamanyolo bemba ukuze ngehalavu insabule futhi ushiye ekuphumuleni kuze entwasahlobo.

Njengoba sekunama-ukushisa Uzithukululile umhlabathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe urea - 20 amagremu ngamunye imitha square. Ungakhohlwa: zokutshala ukholifulawa kwenziwa umhlabathi ekhasa kabusha umbe akadingi. Uma ungenalo isikhathi sokumba umhlabathi ekwindla, kuzodingeka ukukwenza entwasahlobo, kodwa ke kuyodingeka uphawu ngaphambi kokutshala, kancane ohlangene. Lokhu kuthinta iqophelo amakhanda: inhlonipho umthetho kumele kube ukuthi zingabantu aminyene futhi okumnandi.

Izindlela zokutshala

Ukutshala ukholifulawa uvame ukwenziwa yisithombo indlela. Namuhla Nokho, abatshali ngokuvamile ziphendukela ukuvula imbewu yokuhlwanyela enhlabathini. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi nokuvuthwa emakhanda ishesha ngokwanele, futhi ukususa isivuno kulo lonke ehlobo, zokutshala kungaba kwenziwe esikhathini 3-4 nge break ezingu-20. Ukuze ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo esekhulile zokugcina, futhi zokugcina, futhi ihlobo noma ekwindla izitshalo akhiqizwa ngqo phansi. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi uma izinga lokushisa komoya lehliselwa, izithombo kudingeka bavikele ifilimu.

Emakethe namuhla kukhona lenqwaba izinhlobo. Ukulima in zokugcina izitshalo zakuqala-ukukhula lehlukene tibalulekile kakhulu. Muva nje, i-cauliflower ezinhle landa kuphela eningizimu, futhi namuhla iyatholakala yonke indawo. Kodwa ngisho abamba ukushisa uma isimo sezulu cool kakhulu, ikhule ikhanda ezincane kunokujwayelekile. Kungcono ukuphatha maphakathi-ezinemibala iklabishi. Ukutshala izithombo kuzokuvumela ukususa zokuvuna zokuqala futhi ayihlwanyele umbhede imbali - ngisho wesibili nowesithathu. izinhlobonhlobo Late ngokuvamile abanayo isikhathi uvuthwe e umoya obandayo.

imbewu

Umsebenzi wokuqala - zikhule zokuvuna zokuqala ngoba ehlobo salads, ukuba iyiphi engcono ukholifulawa kufanelekile. Ukutshala izithombo wenziwa kuhambisana nemithetho elandelayo. Ukuze uthole okuhle ukuhluma futhi unempilo izithombo, udinga ukukhetha kuphela imbewu ezinkulu. Ngaphambi ayihlwanyelayo, le nqubo elandelayo wenziwa: imbewu kanye zihambisana ngendwangu bacwilisa emanzini ashisayo. akufanele sishisiswe abilayo yayo iphuzu, ukhetho best - degrees 50. Manje imbewu isebenze is selehlile ngamanzi abandayo kanye ofakwe isixazululo potassium permanganate e 8 amahora.

Lokhu kuqeqeshwa kunikeza ukuhluma esihle. Ulungele ukutshala imbewu ehlwanyelwe emabhokisini ezikhethekile. Umhlabathi kungaba noma ikuphi, kodwa mix best-ofakazelwe wokuba Peat futhi humus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhakede inhlabathi ukuxubana kumele ingezwe ku-15 g we superphosphate kanye potassium sulfate. Cishe futhi kwenzeka ekutshaleni imbewu ukholifulawa in ekhanyayo. On nenhlabathi kancane oswakanyiswe futhi ohlangene kuhlelelwe inkatho 0.5 mm, okuyinto ahlelwe imbewu ukujula. Baphinde balale nge ingxube efanayo futhi kancane embozwe inhlabathi.

izimo yeziboshwa

Amazinga eliphezulu iklabishi kuyinto +20 degrees. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, izithombo ukuvela ngemuva mayelana 4-5 izinsuku. Lapha, kuvela ke main ingozi iklabishi bayichezukisa ngokushesha elongate ngokushesha lokushisa air postemergence kuyehla kube +6 degrees. Ngemva cishe 5 izinsuku, senyuselwa degrees 15 - kuyasiza ukudlula acclimatization. Indlela elula ukuhlangabezana nalesi simo, uma une izithombo izimbiza kuwufanele, kodwa futhi ekutshaleni imbewu ukholifulawa in ekhanyayo eshiya indawo iqhinga. Le filimu ukumboza abamba ukushisa, isuswe noma ajar esuka kolunye uhlangothi. ezilungisiwe Ngakho lokushisa.

izithombo ezikhulayo

Uma bekwi ukutshala izithombo, khona-ke kufanele enze Pick of izithombo lapho efinyelela izinsuku 8-10. Ngaphambi inqubo kufanele kube kancane imanzise umhlabathi. Khumbula ukuthi umswakama ngokweqile in the ebhodweni kuholela ezifweni izithombo. Ngokushesha ngemva ukukha izithombo kudingeka zalisa. Ukulungiswa izithombo kuthatha cishe 45-50 days. Ulungele ukutshala nezihlahla kumele okungenani 5 yalezi amapheshana kanye uhlelo impande evuthiwe. Qiniseka ukuthi ukwenza ukuqina izithombo, accustom wakhe ukuba lihambisane nelanga, abandayo kanye lokushisa izinguquko. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngaphambi zitshala izithombo ziqala ukuba bame ngaphandle noma ukushiya ngaphambi emphemeni evulekile. Kuyinto efiselekayo izinsuku ezimbalwa ukunquma ngokugcwele izitshalo kule abamba ukushisa. Uma kukuhle ebusuku, ifilimu ayikwazi ukuhlanza.

Isikimu okutshalwe ukholifulawa

UMtshali emhlabathini ukhethe kusihlwa noma ekuseni amahora. Ngokuvamile izithombo bazithela kahle ngayizolo. Ngo sezulu iyomisa futhi ishisa kakhulu, yena uyasinda kahle, ngakho-ke cabanga ngaphambi indlela pritenit izitshalo ithenda. Lahla i-Ukufiphaza yokufakelwa izinsuku ezintathu kuphela ngemva kokwehla. Zokutshala ukholifulawa ku ekhanyayo senziwa ngendlela ethile, izinhlobonhlobo ngaphambili kungenziwa itshalwe eduze futhi kamuva - kude komunye nomunye, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje lwentshebe ngaphezulu. indawo kahle - 70 x 40 cm, musa ukushwaqa njengoba kubonakala ngesikhathi sokuvuna, amakhanda ezinhle kuleli cala, ungatholi.

Nokho, ukugcwalisa imibhede zingakhiqiza isithombo, fennel kanye isaladi. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zitshalo ngokushesha vyspevayut futhi bahlanza, ngeke ukulimaza ukufika main. Izithombo abatshalwé ukholifulawa ukuze singathwesi ukugcwalisa ihlumela apical. Umhlaba emhlabeni izitshalo intsha inemikhuba ohlangene, bazithela futhi embozwe ungqimba inhlabathi ukuthi ayakhekanga uqweqwe.

Bezrassadnoj indlela kulinywe: Ifanele izindawo zomphakathi

Okokuqala-ke Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi okutshalwe ukholifulawa ku ekhanyayo has a inzuzo ahlukile. izithombo yene kunciphisa isivuno futhi ikhono izinga imikhiqizo, kanjalo wena engozini lutho: izitshalo eziyokwenzeka njengoba kufanele kube, ngokuvumelana iwashi oyizalayo.

Ekutshaleni imbewu ukholifulawa olufanele kakhulu ezomile, ezifundazweni eziseningizimu. Kodwa nge obhekwe izinhlobo zokuqala yokuvuthwa le ndlela luqhutshwa yiningi zonke balimi, kuze eSiberia. Uhlelo impande kulokhu ikhula kancane ebanzi, kodwa zijule zidlule inhlabathi. Ngaphambi ayihlwanyelayo ngqo embhedeni Ubala ibanga phakathi imigqa 45-60 cm, kuye ngokuthi izici ezihlukahlukene noma hybrid, futhi phezu wenzalo inhlabathi. Uma izithombo inikeza amahlamvu yokuqala yeqiniso, kubalulekile ukwenza thinning. Phakathi izitshalo kumugqa is ngakwesokunxele 15 cm. Uma izithombo uyokhulula amahlamvu eziyisithupha kweqiniso, thinning liphindwe, futhi futhi ophakathi kwezitshalo kufanele ahlale kwesikhawu samahora 15 cm. Uma embhedeni bazithela kahle ngaphambi inqubo wathi ke bekha izitshalo ukugcina uhlelo impande, futhi kungenziwa utshalwe kabusha kwenye indawo.

Ukholifulawa: zokutshala nokunakekela

Njengoba eduze isiko izihlobo, ukholifulawa kakhulu umswakama-onothando. I elikhulu umswakama kufanele ibe ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-70 akuvumelekile omiswe. Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulukazi phakathi izithombo ezikhulayo. Ngisho omiswe kancane emhlabathini kungaholela ekwakhekeni amakhanda amancane noma kungekho ukulahlekelwa isivuno ngoba ngokushesha iqala eziqhakaza. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba bagcine lokushisa. Abalimi ukugcizelela ukuthi ezingezwakali okuningi, kunamanye izinhlobo, kuba ukholifulawa. Ukutshala nokunakekela ehilela nokuqapha njalo lokushisa. ukwehla eside kulo + 10 degrees kanye ngezansi imiphumela inguquko ngokushesha zezimbali isigaba ngaphandle ukwakha ekhanda obukhulu.

ukudla

Njengoba sekushiwo, ukholifulawa ngaphezulu afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye phezu izakhi umhlabathi, kuka emhlophe. Kumele ukwazi at the stage of yisithombo. By endleleni, uma ikhule izimbiza, ukuhlwanyela zingenziwa ngo-February. Kwabe sekuthi ngo-June, uyoba usunayo i ukholifulawa. ukutshala isikhathi kakhulu sigudluke, uma uhlela ukuhlwanyela ngqo emhlabathini. Khona-ke udinga ukulinda kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, bese, uma owelula abamba ukushisa. Enhlabathini olungavikelekile kungaba kutshalwe kuphela ngoMeyi, lapho izithombo kungukuthi nqabela kusongelwa. Endabeni ukwehla oqinile lokushisa kumele kusetshenziswe esehlanganise izinto. imbewu okutshalwe ukholifulawa kuhilela njalo ekhiqizwa Umanyolo, kodwa kulokhu singakwazi ukuthola isivuno esihle.

ukuvundiswa lokuqala

Emalangeni alitjhumi ngemva Pick, kuzomele wenze avale. Ukutshala ukholifulawa emhlabathini kuhilela ukwethulwa engokwemvelo ngemva thinning wokuqala. Isixazululo eliphezulu lena mullein, noma inhlanganisela 20 g we ammonium nitrate, 20 g we superphosphate no 10 g zikamanyolo umanyolo. Flow rate - mayelana 10 amalitha ngamunye imitha square. Imisebenzi yokudla lokuqala - yokwandisa ekukhuleni kwesihlahla nasekuvezeni izithombo ukuthuthukiswa.

I yokudla yesibili futhi okwalandela

Ngemva kwamasonto amabili sigqoka kufanele liphindwe. Ukutshala izithombo ukholifulawa in ekhanyayo nayo ephelezelwa kokukhulelwa yesibili (kuqala isivele wenzeka phakathi nalokhu Pick). Ukwakheka ingxube izakhi ingase yehluke kuye ngesistimu okuthandwa umlumbanisi. Ingabe elilungile ukumnika mullein noma inkukhu udoti - 0.5 amalitha kuya 10 amalitha amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakwazi ukuthenga esitolo iyiphi akhiphe kanzulu of inkomo noma umquba wamahhashi.

Izifo kanye izinambuzane

Ngu izinambuzane zihlanganisa aphid kanye iklabishi butterfly. Bachithe sazo ngokuthinta mechanical inhlangano noma ukucubungula amakhemikhali. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi iklabishi ubamba konke ziwele phezu kwayo. kwentwasahlobo kudingeka ukuthi iphathe kokufika elwa ne-fungal. Fitobakterii nesikhunta kungalimaza kakhulu noma ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele isitshalo sakho. Ngenxa yokuchayeka ukholifulawa kukhona izifo eziningi ezahlukene kwalesi zemifino ewusizo, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya, ngoba eliphezulu, ngemithi yanamuhla ongaxazulula lezi zinkinga.

Ukuhlanza ukholifulawa

Iqala ngoJulayi - ngalesi sikhathi isuswe izinhlobo ekuseni. Kamuva kakhulu, uvuthwe ngo-Agasti - September. Lapho ukuvunwa kufanele aqondiswe ubukhulu kanye kwabantu amakhanda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ikhanda kwaba mhlophe, futhi likhuluma ukuthi sivuthiwe yini. Ezimweni eziningi, uma izimfoloko singawutholi ububanzi 8 cm, kusho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuba ukusika. Overripening kabi kuthinta ukunambitheka. Uma inhloko uqala sidilike - liphinde isibonakaliso ahlabayo ngokushesha. Iklabishi kungaba marinate, futhi waqhubeka agcinwe kule esiqandisini njengoba eseqedile appetizer abandayo. Kuyinto esihlwabusayo isidlo enempilo sizonikeza umzimba amavithamini ezihlukahlukene nice imenyu.