Ejenti Hemostatic. ejenti Hemostatic e zabesifazane

Kaningi practice yethu abasebenzi bezokwelapha abaphathi phakathi kufanele ubhekane nokopha ka kwasendaweni ezahlukene. Ikakhulukazi, izingane kanye nabantu abadala - ngomnsalo, emva ukususwa namazinyo - ne gingival nabanye. Namuhla isicelo hemostatics ezahlukene: lesizalo ukopha, capillary izilonda ekhaleni kanye namanye amasayithi. Against isizinda eziningi pathologies ukuthuthukisa iziyaluyalu ezifana generalized. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho i-anemiya aplastic, thrombocytopenic purpura isifo, kanye nezinye kapillyarotoksikoz. Ngokulandelayo, siyowuqonda, yiziphi izidakamizwa hemostatic namuhla.

Uhlolojikelele

Yini ebangela ukopha? Lesi simo kuwumphumela lokwephulwa ubuqotho ezitsheni ezinkulu noma ama-capillary. Umonakalo kungahle kubangelwe ukukhula izimila, ukuhlukumezeka, ukuntuleka igazi ekunqandeni. Ngokuvamile, lapho abukhali ukugeleza yangaphakathi hemostatic izidakamizwa iphathwa ngqo endaweni noma inqubo kokuthutha isisulu esibhedlela.

ezijiyisa igazi

Ukuqaphelwa ukukhombisa ukuthi pathologies yangaphakathi isizinda iziyaluyalu ukopha kubangelwa ikakhulu ohlelweni coagulation. Izinqubo ezikulo ziyiziqondiso wendlale ngempela oluyinkimbinkimbi. Kuthatha izici 13 abathintekayo, ekhona plasma, futhi angaphezu kweshumi nambili - eziqukethwe platelet. Into ebaluleke kakhulu zazo yilezi: fibrinogen prothrombin, prothrombin ukuguqulwa isici, isici contact globulin antihemophilic. Ngenxa fibrinolytic (anticoagulant) uhlelo igazi siyagcinwa isimo uketshezi.

Izimbangela ukwephulwa

Ukopha practice, ngokuvamile zibangelwa ukuntula noma iyiphi isici coagulation, isibonelo, ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo viral, jaundice uhlobo mechanical, hemophilia noma kwanciphisa platelet ukubalwa (sifo Verlgofa, ngokumelene anaemia aplastic nezinye pathologies). Ngokuvamile komncane kunabo thrombosis amaningi capillary njengesithiyo inhlamvu. Bona ziphenduke ne overruns obengeziwe ekunqandeni izici ezithile nama-platelet. Lokhu, kuholela syndrome oluhambisana. A isibonelo esifanayo siyenzeka ku isizinda imvelo ezinzima yokushaqeka (cardiogenic, kuhlasimulise), ubuthi, sepsis (ngemva kuhlanganisiwe isisu lobugebengu), ukuhlinzwa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ukumpontshelwa okukhulu. Ngaphambili, isimo sokugembula ezifana ichazwa ngokuthi "fibrinliticheskaya ukopha." Njengamanje, ibizwa ngokuthi lesi sifo ka intravascular microcoagulation ezivamile.

Ukwelashwa: Uhlolojikelele

A ekhethwe kahle hemostatic ejenti e lesizalo ukopha, umonakalo capillary sendawo nomthelela okhathazekile hemostasis eyinhloko. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa abanekhono kuhilela ukusetshenziswa eyodwa, ezimweni ezingajwayelekile, imithi emibili kule imithamo elilungile. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho hemophilic ukopha esetshenziswa kukhiwa plasma ukumnika ejenti "Kriopretsipiat". Futhi izidakamizwa ezifana "Vikasol" noma calcium chloride, ezimweni ezinjalo azisebenzi. elementi athintekayo ohlelweni hemostatic kungaba azimisele ngokuhambisana idatha anamnestic kakade futhi izimpawu itholwe ngenkathi ukuhlola isiguli. Kule ndaba, ngaphambi ukwelashwa, kufanele abone genesis zokuphula umthetho. Noma kunjalo amalungiselelo hemostatic nezokusigcoba abavunyelwe ukusebenzisa nganoma iyiphi izilonda ongaphandle semithambo ka nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ukuthaka imithi impilo kungase kuthathe isikhathi, noma ububanzi kuqhathaniswa elilinganiselwe senzo. Kukhona, isibonelo, izidakamizwa hemostatic for hemorrhoids. Amafomu imithi nazo ezahlukene. Lapho kwasendaweni umonakalo kule ndawo emathunjini, isib, kuyafaneleka ukusebenzisa amakhandlela hemostatic. Kwezinye Kwezinye izimo, ephumelela kakhudlwana, izixazululo noma amaphilisi. Ngokwesibonelo, hemostatics kokuya esikhathini etholakalayo njalo ifomu ithebhulethi noma amaphilisi.

Medicine "Vikasol"

Lokhu nomuthi kuyinto amanzi encibilikayo analog zokwenziwa of K-Vitamin. Lokhu sidakamizwa sisiza ukumisa ezifana ukopha kuphela, okuyinto ngenxa yokuqukethwe esincishisiwe prothrombin. Lokhu, cuphuluza nokuntuleka K-Vitamin. Nomuthi "Vikasol" ekhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwezici prothrombin by amaseli isibindi. Ngu izimpawu ukusetshenziswa kwaleli thuluzi zihlanganisa iziyaluyalu hemostatic e ngokoma kwesibindi, ukusha kwesibindi, hepatic syndrome kwezinso, jaundice obstructive. Umuthi Kunconywa ukopha engxenyeni ngemuva ngokweqile of anticoagulants ka engaqondile isenzo (izidakamizwa "pelentan", "neodikumarina" kanye nabanye). Imithi alibonisi ngempumelelo e isifo thrombocytopenic purpura futhi hemophilia. Umuthi anezinye umphumela ku lesizalo climacteric futhi juvenile esophayo. Isenzo zomuthi siyenzeka ngaphambili kuka amahora 12-18 emva abaphathi. Njengezilwane eziningi ejenti hemostatic ngoba lesizalo ukopha, nomuthi "Vikasol" itholakala ifomu tablet futhi njengoba isixazululo. imithi Oral ezinconywe 0,015 g / 2-3 p / usuku. imijovo Hemostatic "Vikasol" iqondiswa intramuscularly 1 ml isixazululo amaphesenti umuntu 1-2 p / ngosuku, ilandelana izinsuku ezine (ngenxa thrombosis Cishe). Izimo ukusetshenziswa nomuthi zihlanganisa isilethikusebenza (acute) thrombosis, coagulability anda.

vitamin P

Leli thuluzi iqoqo itiye catechins. Vitamin P siyehla hyaluronidase umsebenzi (ancibilikisa base zezinzwa ogangeni capillary), ukunciphisa kancane ziyaqothuka futhi encane osezingeni semithambo permeability. Ndawonye nale vitamin E kuvimbela namachibi ascorbic acid. Kuba yisikhathi futhi lapho umphumela firming ebodeni capillary. Okuvame kakhulu engazweli izidakamizwa Vitamin P ubhekwa "Rutin". Kuyinto powder amanzi-zingaxazululeki umbala ogqamile ephuzi. Medicine "Rutin" ngezinga elithile kunciphisa kobukhulu oluhambisana ukuqubuka ku ngemuva lesi sifo futhi thrombocytopenic purpura kapillyarotoksikoz. Umuthi kuboniswa ngenxa ukopha ngwengwzi, isimungumungwana endocarditis webhaktheriya, scarlet fever. Ngo isicelo vitamin P neze kwenzeka thrombosis, kungekho contraindications. Ikhishwa nomuthi ngefomu ithebhulethi ngefomu emhlophe ngokunikhumbuza 0.02 g, futhi lihambisana ascorbic acid (elisho ukuthi "Ascorutin") (0.5 g ingxenye ngayinye). Abadala nomuthi Kunconywa umthamo 0.02-0.05 gr / 3 r / d.

Epsilon-aminocaproic acid

Lokhu ejenti ungaphakathi ngesimo ezimhlophe crystalline powder. Ingqikithi kuyinto kunganambitheki futhi ayinaphunga, encibilikayo kakhulu emanzini. Epsilon aminocaproic acid inethonya elinamandla haemostatic (wendawo kanye namagugu jikelele), fibrinolytic umsebenzi okwehlisa izakhiwo. Ndawonye nale nomuthi kunciphisa umsebenzi tryptic ukuthi abonise ayo wokugaya ukudla. Epsilon aminocaproic acid kuboniswa ngenxa gingival, acinene, ukuphathwa isisu, esiswini, ka emazombezombe, ukopha kwezinso bemvelo ezahlukene kuphakama, lapho Verlgofa syndrome, hemophilia, sokuntuleka kwegazi kanye aplastic ngemva lesizalo curettage kuhlanganise. Ngaphansi kwezimo engaguquki-state, imithi isetshenziswa emva kokuhlinzwa endaweni yamaphaphu, wendlala, e lamabutho nisebancane placenta ngokuvamile ikhona. Esimisiwe esebenzisa ingaphakathi 3-5 g / 3-4 p / usuku. Ukuze ahlanze phansi powder Kunconywa amanzi amnandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Epsilon-aminocaproic acid yethulwa futhi bolus kanye ukumnika ku vein nge 100 ml. Umuthi esetshenziswa ngempumelelo hemostasis sasendaweni ngopha mucosa acinene noma imithombo ngemva kokususwa izinyo. Kulokhu powder ifafazwa ngobuningi endaweni ethintekile. Against isizinda nomuthi bomlomo abulona kuyacasula ukuba ipheshana wokugaya ukudla. Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, iziguli zingase esekhala isicanucanu. Ngemva kokuphathwa emthanjeni, umphumela esiphezulu siyenzeka ngemuva kwamahora 1-4. Epsilon aminocaproic acid has Izimo. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa ukwehluleka kwezinso (Yiqiniso acute), thromboses.

gelatin Medical

Collagen hydrolyzate kuyinto kungekho nto enemibala emihle, mass gelatinous noma amahlamvu aphuzi. Against isizinda yezidakamizwa enegciwane kuthuthukisa igazi viscosity, stickiness platelet. Lokhu kuqinisekisa nomphumela ngokwanele okusheshayo futhi evelele haemostatic ezimeni ukopha zangaphakathi. Lezi zihlanganisa, phakathi kokunye, zihlanganisa intrapleural, futhi emathunjini. Umthelela ezincane is nasemkhakheni vasculature we izilonda lwamafinyila. Ngenxa yokusabela ohlangothini uba yokungezwani komzimba. Umuthi ikakhulu babelwe ukuvuza ngemithambo yegazi ngesikhathi umthamo 50-100 ml i-sekuqala ukufudumala kuya 37 degrees isixazululo. nomuthi akhiqizwa ampoules-10 ml amaphesenti ayishumi gelatin sodium amaphesenti amahlanu chloride.

Fibrinogen k3 noma M2

Lokhu isidakamizwa egazini labantu, mina ekunqandeni isici. It is lisetshenziswe afibrinogemicheskih ukopha. Ukuvuza iqondiswa ngemithambo yegazi (usuku 1.8-2 gr. Imfuyo Dry). Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba ukusetshenziswa powder is ziyoncibilika nosawoti (oyinyumba) isixazululo, ogama lokushisa 25-30 degrees. Ukumnika wenziwa nge khona esiyisibopho uhlelo isihlungi njengoba isixazululo ingase itholwe izingxenye amaprotheni zingaxazululeki. ukumnika Hhayi zinikwa isilethikusebenza (acute), thrombophlebitis.

Medicine "Trasylol"

Lokhu ukulungiselela lisuselwa izinkomo nezindlala parotid. I nomuthi uyakwazi yabonakala inekhono lokunqanda ukuqhubeka microcoagulation intravascular futhi trypsin unamathele. Inikezwe ukopha ohambisana olubanzi izicubu ukulimala, isisu post-ukonakala, ngokumelene acute wegazi uhlobo (promyelocytic, isibonelo) nezinye uthi. Isikali 10-20 izinkulungwane. ED ukumnika emthanjeni ngosuku izikhathi 1-2 e- ezinhlanu isixazululo amaphesenti glucose (noma nosawoti). Ngokuvamile, nokuphathwa nomuthi wenziwa izimo umile. Imithi liyasetshenziswa yamafomu chronic okukhulu pancreatitis, mumps. Phakathi ezivamile side effects yilezi: Allergy kuze kube ukushaqeka anaphylactic, kanye phlebitis endaweni ekuphathweni.

protamine sulfate

Lokhu esuselwe amaprotheni olukwaziyo ukwakha ne heparin futhi thromboplastin izakhiwo zingaxazululeki. Prescribers haemorrhage sokucasuka hyperheparinemia. Yena, kuwumphumela ukweqisa izidakamizwa noma umkhiqizo wawanda ka heparin endogenous. Imithi ihlinzeka okusheshayo ngokwanele (phakathi 1-2 amahora), ayeke ukugeleza kwegazi. Ngokuvamile, isixazululo amaphesenti umuntu injected volume of 5 ml intramuscularly noma ngemithambo yegazi. Uma kudingeka, umjovo wenziwa emva kwemizuzu engu-15. Phakathi ukwelashwa usebenzisa sulfate protamine kufanele kunikeze ukulawula isikhathi ekunqandeni. I nomuthi ekhiqizwa ampoules namamililitha ezinhlanu isixazululo amaphesenti omunye.

Isixazululo "Gemofobin"

Lena styptic kuqhathaniswa ababuthakathaka for hemorrhoids. It sisetshenziswa intramuscularly, ngomlomo noma ngokwezihloko. Umthamo uma iqondiswa ngomlomo 1 ithebula. spoon 2-3 p / usuku. Intramuscularly eyabelwe 5 ml 1.5% isixazululo. I nomuthi "Gemofobin", efana nezinye izidakamizwa eziningi hemostatic, etholakala 5 ml ampoules futhi izitsha eziyisikhombisa 150 namamililitha.

Medicine "Adrokson"

Lokhu nomuthi kuyinto powder orange abangenalo zokunambitha nokuhogela. Umuthi ziphephile ngempumelelo e capillary ukopha ngenxa yokulimala elincane ngemva ukukhishwa izinyo, tonsillectomy. Ezisetshenzisiwe 0,025% ingxube ogelezayo nokumanzisa tampons kanye imijovo esicutshini ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva ukungenelela. Umuthi kuyaphumelela futhi LCD ukopha. nomuthi akhiqizwa ampoules 1 ml 0,025%.

Medicine "Etamsylate"

Lesi sidakamizwa kusiza ukuthuthukisa platelet umsebenzi, ekunciphiseni capillary permeability. nomuthi anconyelwe ukwelapha nokuvimbela izifo semithambo emva ukukhishwa izinyo, tonsillectomy. Ukuze zihlanganisa ukufundwa kanye ukopha emathunjini bese yamaphaphu. Isikhathi esiphezulu umphumela 1-2 amahora uma injected emthanjeni, futhi 3 amahora - ukungenisa. Ngo imithi prophylactic iqondiswa intramuscularly noma ngomlomo. Ukuqeda ukopha ku vein noma imisipha iqondiswa 2-4 ml ke njalo emahoreni 4-6 e 2 ml. imithi Itholakala ifomu sethebhulethi ngokususa 0.25 amagremu. e 2 ml ampoules isixazululo 12.5%.

amakhambi

Amandla okwelapha izitshalo bebelokhu baziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. amakhambi okwelapha ngesimo ezikhishwe ukwethula e imithi eminingi hemostatic. Sebenzisa ezinjalo ejenti hemostatic ngesikhathi esindayo kokuya esikhathini neziyaluyalu, isebenze nezinye izindawo. Itholakala ezihlukahlukene isithako nomuthi, amanzi kanye notshwala, amaphilisi, sehla. Ochwepheshe ngokuvamile asebenzise amanxusa hemostatic e zabesifazane. Ikakhulukazi phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa ngesikhathi lactation. Nokho, ukusebenzisa hemostatic ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi ngesikhathi ukusuthisa kufanele niqaphele kakhulu hhayi ukulimaza umntwana ongakazalwa.

tincture lagohilusa

Lokhu kusho yakhiwa tannin kanye latohilin. Tincture has a inkanuko (esiphakathi nendawo) nomthelela ohlelweni coagulation futhi ukupholisa ukukhanya. Lusebenza ke njengendlela hemostatic esesikhathini, umongozima. Kunconywa ukuba zigwinye isipuni isixazululo amaphesenti ayishumi yamanzi (0.25 izinkomishi) ngosuku 3-4 izikhathi. Njengoba i- side effect kubonakala laxative ngokulinganisela. I ezimanzi isixazululo tampons ingasetshenziswa noma epistaxis hemorrhoidal.

Extract amahlamvu sembabazane

Lokhu kusho ukuthi yakhiwa K Vitamin, ascorbic acid, tannins. Ezinconyiwe akhiphe isisu, imisinga kwezinso ku syndrome ka purpura thrombocytopenic. Izimbabazane aqukethe ejenti eziningi hemostatic, ne menses esindayo nezinye izilonda semithambo esetshenziswa.

I milfoil imbiza (akhiphe liquid)

Le isixazululo iqukethe inhlaka tannins, ascorbic acid, alkaloids. Ukuze uthuthukise umphumela, kwezinye izimo kuhlanganiswe hemostatic izidakamizwa. Lapho esindayo esikhathini kubaluleke ngokukhethekile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ngempumelelo kakhulu imbiza Yarrow futhi akhiphe sembabazane.

Lombhalo ucashunwe ebhukwini liquid pepper

Iqukethe rutin, quercetin. Njengamanye namanye amanxusa hemostatic esesikhathini esindayo, pepper akhiphe iqukethe tannins. Kunconywa ukuba 30-40 sehla kathathu ngosuku. Pepper akhiphe eziqukethwe nomuthi "Anestezol" (amakhandlela).

imithi wendawo

Ngokuvamile, bazisebenzisa ejenti hemostatic ukusikeka. Bavumela ukuthi ngokushesha nangempumelelo ukuqeda ukuphulwa. Zingasetshenziswa esimweni esiphuthumayo. Kube izihambi hemostatic ejenti ukuthi ayilimele yini. Ngokulandelako, cabangela ezinye imithi wendawo.

isipanji hemostatic

Lokhu kulungiselelwa plasma womuntu. I isipanji hemostatic kuyinto thromboplastin samanje ne-calcium chloride. Kugcine inomphumela omuhle e gingival zendawo, acinene, hemorrhoidal ukopha. Kusukela oyinyumba isipanji ucezu ahlukaniswa ibhekiselwe ethintekile ingxenye pre-omisiwe. Umuthi is uvalwe agxishiwe iphedi gauze. Usuku kamuva izinsalela kwakhiwa fibrin ifilimu nge imiphetho isuswe ngokucophelela. Izinsalela isipanji ukuxazulula ngokuzimela izinsuku 20-30. izinsalela Ubuningi kusukela isitsha wavula nge isiponji ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngemva resterilization. Izimo zomuthi etholakalayo.

thrombin

Lokhu kulungiselelwa plasma lomuntu liwumsebenzi omuhle mass okuxekethile elimhlophe-pink. Kwethulwa yokusabela ukuguqulwa kulethe ka fibrinogen ukuba fibrin, le nomuthi siba nomphumela hemostatic oqondile. Thrombin isetshenziswa kuphela umonakalo capillary endawo imvelo ezahlukene kuphakama, emva ukususwa izinyo kanye. isitsha Oyinyumba ivulekile ngaphambi ukuyisebenzisa, sifakwe nosawoti (10-15 ml) emazingeni okushisa okuvamile. Uma isixazululo thrombin, a Tampon afuthwe ngesibulali le ngxube futhi uvalwe endaweni ezilimele. Ngemva kokumisa ukopha yayo isuswe ngokucophelela emanzini nge nosawoti ukugwema kabusha ukulimala.

fibrin ifilimu

Ukulungiswa yabantu noma yezilwane (izinkomo) plasma. Iqukethe thromboplastin. Umuthi kunomphumela hemostatic ngokulinganisela. Fibrin ifilimu isetshenziswa izilonda sendawo ulwelwesi lwamafinyila. Ngaphambi ukusebenzisa oyinyumba test tube ivulekile, ifilimu sisuswa. Ngokulandelayo, it is sihlanzwe nosawoti noma imoto "penicillin" noma "rivanol". Ngemva kwalokho, nomuthi lisetshenziswa ebusweni lilimele. Lapho usebenzisa i-fibrin ifilimu angagcina yokungezwani komzimba.