Ebola: indlela yokudlulisa. Ebola: izimpawu eziyinhloko

Eminyakeni naso sonke isikhathi ukhona yayo, isintu akuyona nje onqenqemeni yokuqothulwa. Fragile impilo homo Sapiens njalo nabantu abacabanga kanjalo kunezici ezihlukahlukene ezingaba ukusula uhlanga lwesintu kusukela ebusweni bomhlaba kanye qha kwenela.

Ngokusebenzisa ameva - ukuba ukuvela

Isifo esiwumshayabhuqe, abamnyama ingxibongo virus ukutheleleka womuntu (AIDS), ikholera nezinye ngamashwa waphakamisela mowed phansi eminyaka abantu bengawutholi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlekelele zemvelo, njengama-tsunami, ukuzamazama komhlaba nezintaba-mlilo, ngenkuthalo wazama, uma angizanga ukuchitha, noma okungenani banciphise isibalo sabantu. Nokho isintu kancane kancane yayisizotholana sisonqenqemeni ukuphila nokufa, ngempumelelo inqobe zonke izithiyo imi endleleni sokuthuthuka.

wezokuHlaliswa kwaBantu Tiny kancane kancane zaba muzi, isikhala shuttles landizela emkhathini, amaMelika uhlale isikhashana enyangeni, futhi ososayensi baye baklama lenqwaba izidakamizwa kusukela cishe zonke izifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ekhethekile imithi hlala yokugoma uyakwazi kabusha masosha omzimba abantu ezifweni ezifana nesimungumungwana, toxoplasmosis, rubella, umkhuhlane, nokunye.

Amandla Test

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi abantu baye bathola ukuthi isihluthulelo sempilo futhi anqobe igciwane esikhohlisayo. Kodwa lapho kwaba! A engozini entsha sokufa, ogama lakhe - Ebola. Kuyini: igciwane soguquko lwegciwane singalawuleka, ukuthuthukiswa entsha okubangelwa izikhali ezenziwe ngamagciwane, nesigebengu emkhathini? Noma mhlawumbe ukuthi Mother Nature kuthatha revenge on esintwini okokusikwa amahlathi, emoyeni esingcolile nezilwane waphakamisela seziqothuliwe?

Lesi sihloko uzokutshela konke esikwaziyo Ebola: ukudluliswa endleleni, izimpawu, inkambo isifo, lokugoma nokwelashwa ongakhetha.

Ingozi entsha

Ngokokuqala ngqá lesi sifo sibulale, "wokhela" ngo-1976, e-Afrika. Ebola - ngumkhuhlane haemorrhagic, igciwane eziyingozi kakhulu, ngokumelene eningeke wokugoma okuthembekile noma imithi ephulukisa. Endabeni ematfuba isifo sokufa 25 kuya kumaphesenti angu-75, ngaphandle kokuba khona Ebola emzimbeni yokudlulisela ukutheleleka kwenzeka msinyana.
Yabo entsha ayitholile ehlasela ngesikhathi ukubukeka ukuphila kwakhe kuqala unosla zabantu 128 emavikini ambalwa nje. Ubhubhane samiswa esebenzisa ngokuhlukaniswa ezinzima.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, leli gciwane ngezikhathi avele, kodwa foci isifo ngokushesha iboshiwe indlela Sekuvele kufakazelwe engayodwa esiqinile iziguli, ekuqedeni iyiphi indlela yokudlulisela Ebola.

ukufa usongo

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke emlandweni wesintu epidimii kokugqashuka Ebola Kwagqashuka ekwindla ka 2014 ezindaweni ezintathu e-Afrika: Liberia, Guinea Sierra Leone. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezine nje igciwane sesibulale abantu 5,000, abacishe babe ngu-zazinayo, kepha wasinda ngokuyisimangaliso.

Ososayensi emhlabeni wonke basafunda zonke engele, igciwane umbulali, kodwa ngokuqinisekile okwamanje eyaziwa kuphela indlela yokudlulisela i-Ebola. Futhi lokho kulungile ukutholakala ezibalulekile, lapho ungakwazi uma ungenawo ukuphulukisa imfiva eyingozi ke okungenani banciphise esiphansi "uhambo" lwalo embulungeni yonke. Phela, into embi e-Ebola - kutfunyelwa nekusatjalaliswa ukutheleleka zemvelo. Ngokuhlukaniswa - kuphela isinyathelo efanele ukuvimbela zisakaza ukutheleleka. Kuyinto isilinganiso ukuyeka yilesi sifo esesabekayo efana Ebola. Zindlela ukudluliswa ingavinjelwa kuphela uma umthombo ukutheleleka isehlane.

Zonke iphutha igundane

Ukudluliswa kwe-Ebola Kwenzeka ku-contact nge lwamafinyila ulwelwesi noma uketshezi lomzimba zomuntu onesifo noma isilwane. Pervonositelyami lokhu virus amalulwane, amalulwane adla izithelo nezinye izilwane (isib, izinkawu izingungumbane) ungenwa contact ngamathe yabo futhi indle.

nesigebengu

Ebola ukudluliswa indlela ezilwaneni ukuze abantu senziwa ukuxhumana ngqo imikhiqizo kwabantu excretory uhlelo (igazi, isikhwehlela, izindlala zamanzi kanye nomchamo) itheleleke isilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu awasebenzi kuphela nezilwane eziphilayo, kodwa futhi Abafa Ebola (yokudlulisela izindlela bayasindiswa futhi ngemva kokufa isilwane, ngisho uma kwenzeka ukuthi waqala nenqubo yokubola).

Igciwane kalula lingena singene emzimbeni womuntu, isifo eba 14 kuya 21 izinsuku, kuncike immunocompromised.
Enye indlela ukuba adlulisele Ebola - bedla inyama itheleleke isilwane, ikakhulukazi uma eluhlaza inyama.

Izici igciwane

Ekuhloleni igciwane ngaphansi mikrosokpom kwaba sobala ukuthi libukeka eside, sesigcilikisha obukhulu lapho abokuqala ikopishwe nande nomunye, bese uxhuma kanjani zonke izitho ezibalulekile we elinegciwane. Bese kufika kuwe isinyathelo esilandelayo, okuyinto okwenza Ebola. Izindlela yokudlulisela - imithambo yegazi kanye uhlelo lymph. Dalneshem ukuthuthukiswa ukutheleleka kwenzeka amaseli ukukhiqiza amaprotheni. Virus umhlali iqala zokukhiqiza amaprotheni viral, futhi lokhu kuyithuba ngegciwane lonke cell. Ngakho, inani lamaseli elinegciwane e sikhule exponentially.

chain reaction

Kunengqondo - Afrika kuyinto ekude. Kungani-World Health Organization umsindo alamu? Yini kuyingozi ngakho izwe lonke Ebola? Transmission ukutheleleka Kungafezani komunye umuntu, okusho ukuthi ngale ndlela kungaba chithi saka emhlabeni wonke. In the engekho yokugoma ngempumelelo futhi ngempumelelo ukudluliswa ukwelashwa Ebola uchungechunge "kwezilwane ezinegciwane indoda-indoda" okusongelayo inhlekelele yemvelo yomhlaba wonke, kwaze kwaba ukunyamalala ephelele ngesintu!

World Health Organization ochwepheshe ukunikeza izibikezelo esidumazayo mayelana kubhubhane kungenzeka, uma kubhekwa ukuthi, kuze kufike Ebola njengoba esithathelwanayo. Zindlela ukudluliswa kukhona okuhlanganisa indawo ebanzi kangako futhi ahlukahlukene, ngokusho izibalo, omunye umuntu ogulako kungathelela ababili abayimiqemane.

Lolu ketshezi iconsi - ukufa

Ngenhlanhla, amagciwane ayihambi ngamaza amaconsi sisemoyeni, kodwa akusho kunganciphisa ingozi. Indlela ngokudlulisa Ebola umuntu onegciwane onempilo kwenzeka ngenxa ukuqondisa sisondelene elinegciwane uketshezi begazi. I iconsi legazi leli, umchamo, izindlala zamanzi, ubisi lwebele futhi isidoda nesineke eziphilayo ukufa.

Kodwa lokho akukhona konke uyakwazi Ebola: izindlela yokudlulisela azigcini loxhumana uketshezi ngenhla zomzimba womuntu. It is badabula ukujuluka, lwamafinyila, ematheni imfihlo kwezitho zobulili. Kucatshangwa ngakho konke lokhu ematfuba ikontraga lokhu ukutheleleka okusongelayo noma ubani othinte izinto ngawo waxhumana egula enomkhuhlane.

Kuyingozi kakhulu futhi yokuthi umuntu uhlala umthengisi ukutheleleka nje umzimba wayo iqukethe amagciwane. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi isidoda zabantu uyaqhubeka uqukethe igciwane ngisho 50 days emva yokutakula, ngakho ukugwema ukutheleleka of onempilo womuntu Ebola, ogama ukudluliswa kungenziwa igcwaliseke ngokusebenzisa isenzo socansi, odokotela batusa kakhulu zenqaba wasimama iyiphi sobuhlobo bobulili ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Wemvelo self-ukulondolozwa

Ukuze kugwenywe, kanye hhayi ukubamba Ebola, izindlela yokudlulisela kufanele zigcinwe zimbalwa: it is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba abantu ukuvakashela izwe lapho izikhungo ubhubhane ukuphi. Ngaphezu kwalokhu nganoma iyiphi indlela kube nabantu-abathwali ukutheleleka.
Ebola, okuyinto ukudluliselwa kwenziwa cishe nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngaphandle kukhanyisa amaconsi sisemoyeni, kuyingozi abahlala yiliphi izwe.

lesi sifo

insidiousness Special yale igciwane ukuthi isifo asikwazi ibalwa ngokushesha, njengoba izimpawu zifana kakhulu esigabeni sokuqala acute nezifo zokuphefumula, noma-SARS. Kwakungenzeka kanjani ukuba bonke kwenzeke?

1. Esikhathini sokuqala isifo enomkhuhlane, ikhanda, umuntu enomuzwa ezizwa engaphilile, ukuba buthakathaka kwezicubu nobuhlungu emphinjeni. Konke lokhu libukeka umphimbo obuhlungu zakudala noma umkhuhlane.
2. Kancane kancane, isifo siqhubeka, iqala isicanucanu nokuhlanza, isifo sohudo, isikhumba embozwe ukuqubuka, isibindi kanye nezinso hhayi angabhekana ngayo imisebenzi yayo, igciwane kancane kancane "sivale" omzimba umzimba, ngaleyo ndlela ngeke wamnika elinye ithuba ukulwa nezifo ezithathelwana esibhubhisayo.
3. I Apotheosis lesi sifo izenzo oluhambisana syndrome: isiguli opha kwezindebe, izinsini amehlo, isikhumba, izindlebe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukopha ikhulela izitho zangaphakathi.
4. Ukufa kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-8-14 lapho kuqala lesi sifo. Imbangela yokufa - i amanzi emzimbeni ungalungiseki futhi kuyanda oshesha blood pressure.

Ukuhlolwa okusinda

Uma usola isifo Ebola, lapho izindlela yokudlulisela ezahlukene yezenzo, it is kakhulu Kunconywa ukubona udokotela liyadingeka ukubamba kokuxilongwa ekuphikiseni noma uqinisekise khona ukutheleleka emzimbeni.

Kuze kube manje, indlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu ukuhlonza Ebola - uvivinyo le polymerase chain reaction, lapho ochwepheshe ukubala igciwane ufuzo. Ngosizo lesi sivivinyo angathola isifo ngendlela efanele usaqala bese uzama ukuyeka ukuthuthukiswa yayo.

Iziyalezo abasebenzi bezokwelapha

Abasebenzi bezempilo kufanele sikhumbule mayelana nokusingatha ngokucophelela amasampula uketshezi lomzimba ethathwe iziguli ezine okusolakala Ebola: izindlela yokudlulisela ngokuhlangana "amasampula omuhle - sezimo eziphuthumayo olungavikelekile" yingozi njengokushayela ukuxhumana ngqo isiguli. Isibonelo yokuthi ngesikhathi ngokubhala Afrika wafa odokotela 10.

abasebenzi Medical kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba bagcine izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifana:

• ukugeza izandla magciwane;
• elwa namagciwane egqoke buso wezokwelapha kanye izingubo ezikhethekile zokuzivikela;
• ukusetshenziswa izembatho zokuzivikela.

Ukwelashwa ukuba "mhlawumbe"

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukwelashwa yibhange futhi wokugoma ilayisensi ngokumelene Ebola oluhambisana nemfiva ngo-December 2014 alikho. Nokho, muva nje, e-United States ngo-amavolontiya womuntu 20 lwavivinywa novoizobretonnaya wokugoma, lapho isenzo iwukuba namasosha uyakwazi pritivostoyat igciwane.

Ukwelapha eziyisisekelo siqukethe yokwelapha bangisekela:

• isixazululo electrolyte emthanjeni ukuvimbela amanzi emzimbeni;
• Ukubulala amagciwane umzimba;
• ukwesekwa zokuphefumula nokushaya komoya lokukhanda.

Ngenxa ekuqhubeni le manipulations kungaba sehlise ukushona jikelele ngo-10%, kodwa ukuba aphulukise bonke abagulayo akunakwenzeka.

ukwesaba okungenasisekelo

Inani labantu emhlabeni uyakukhathalela kakhulu mayelana nokwenzeka ubhubhane nokuqubuka kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi besaba ukuthi, njenganoma iyiphi igciwane, i-Ebola kungaba luphenduke ifomu eziyingozi kakhudlwana, okuholela siqala wadluliselwa amaconsi sisemoyeni. Ososayensi bathi azikho izimfanelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi igciwane ngokuzumayo baqala ukuthutha ngomoya.

Ukutshala imali ikusasa lesintu

Ukuze kwemithi yokugoma nezidakamizwa ekulweni nosongo amatjha azii izizumbulu zemali. Ikakhulukazi US uxhaso a $ 1,000,000, futhi kwaheha cishe 3,000 ososayensi kangcono kokusungulwa ukuqeda ingozi ulenga phezu kwesintu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emazweni amaningi ngazo zonke izindlela ukuze usize Afrika ekulweni Ebola. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi uma phakathi nonyaka Ebola ngeke walawula, ke Kancane kancane wawuvula yonke indawo.

Spoon uju emgqonyeni Ebola

Naphezu ingozi omkhulu Ebola, kukhona ezinye izinto Ungenza amanothi lokuphumula. Baphetha ngokuthi:

• igciwane akulula kangako Nokho ukuhambisa komunye umzimba ophilayo, naphezu inani elikhulu izindlela transmission, ijubane Lokusakaza igciwane liphansi kakhulu;
• izifo ezifana Umkhuhlane, isimungumungwana ne-AIDS, ukusakaza ngokushesha kunokuba Ebola - nabantu namanje abahlala emhlabeni;
• emazweni ophucukile thatha ingozi yokutheleleka kuyehla kube cishe zero;
• Namuhla inani eliphelele amacala lincane kakhulu - abantu 5,000 kuphela (endleleni, kusukela umkhuhlane banal abafa unyaka ngamunye abantu nengxenye million emhlabeni);
• Eqinisweni, isintu isivele ebhekene isifo esifanayo futhi ngek ngempumelelo: ngo-2008 e-Europe "izivakashi" iMarburg igciwane - cishe umfowabo ayiwele naye Ebola e izindlela nokusabalalisa izimpawu;
• cishe zonke izikhumulo zezindiza abalulekile ucishe anemisila izikhungo sanitary ukuphila, okuyisimo ukuqapha abafikayo abagibeli.

Ngamafuphi, singakwazi bayavuma ngokuphepha ukuthi Ebola ukudluliswa kwalesi sifo nemiphumela - kungcono scary, kodwa kuphela lapho awuligubhi aphansi kwezinkambiso sanitary. Emazweni ophucukile nge ezingeni lelisetulu ukunakekelwa kokugqashuka Cishe igciwane cishe zero.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ezithile maduze nemijovo uyobavikela abantu kusuka izinsongo ezintsha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucwaninga kwezokwelapha izinyathelo phambili e ukushesha - futhi ngempela cishe umbhangqwana emashumini izwe ngeke ahlale ongashadile ogulayo, futhi Ebola ngeke zingagcwaliseki.