Corrosion: izinhlobo izindlela ukuvikelwa ukugqwala

Corrosion - ukubhujiswa metal, ngobumba, ukhuni kanye nezinye izinto ngenxa yamakhemikhali noma physico-chemical ukuxhumana. Ngokuqondene izimbangela zalesi umphumela engathandeki, bahlukile. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kungalingani kwesakhiwo kuya imiphumela thermodynamic imvelo. Asithathe sihlolisise yokuthi ukugqwala ezinjalo. Izinhlobo ukugqwala futhi nakanjani kudingeka ucabangele, futhi ukuze azivikele akusiyo ezingaphezu kuka inkulumo.

Nasi ulwazi olujwayelekile

Sasivame uzwa igama elithi "nokugqwala", esetshenziswa uma ukugqwala we metal futhi Alloys. Kukhona into efana "ukuguga", - kuyisici sobuntu polymers. Eqinisweni, ungomunye futhi okufanayo. Isibonelo esimangalisayo - osekhulile izihloko iraba ngenxa ukusebenzisana-mpilo asebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izingxenye plastic ayafa nge imvula. Ukugeleza ngesilinganiso ukugqwala kuncike esimeni luhlobo itholakala. Ngakho, nokugqwala on umkhiqizo metal izokwabiwa usheshise, ayanda izinga lokushisa. Futhi kuthinta nomswakama: ayanda kunjalo, ngokushesha lo metal iba langakufanelekela ukusetshenziswa ngokwengeziwe. kunqunywa empirically ukuthi amaphesenti angu-10 imikhiqizo metal itjhuguluko engekhe yalungiseka ezidonswe futhi ibangelwa - ukugqwala. ukugqwala Izinhlobo zihlukile, futhi zihlukaniswa kuye ngohlobo labezindaba, ubunjalo ukugeleza nokunye okunjalo. Ake sibheke kubo kabanzi.

ngezigaba

Okwamanje kukhona engaphezu kwemibili kweshumi rusting samuntu. Sethula kuphela izinhlobo eziyisisekelo iningi ukugqwala. Evamile, zingase zihlukaniswe amaqembu ezilandelayo:

• ukugqwala Chemical - inqubo ukusebenzisana endaweni egqwalisayo, lapho namachibi of insimbi oxidizer yokutakula ihlolwe isenzo esisodwa. Insimbi oxidant kungukuthi spatially ahlukaniswe.
• Electrochemical ukugqwala - metal nokuxhumana inqubo ne isixazululo electrolyte. Ionization zama-athomu kanye oxidizer yokutakula Nokho zingamathuluzi ezahlukene, ixhomeke ijubane bezikhali electrode.
• Negesi Corrosion - chemical rusting lensimbi sakugcina umswakama okuqukethwe (esingaphansi kuka 0.1 amaphesenti) kanye / noma okushisa aphezulu e konemimoya gaseous. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo butholakala wamakhemikhali nezibulala-petroleum izimboni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona omningi nokugqwala izinqubo. konke ukugqwala. Izinhlobo ukugqwala Ngaphezu ngenhla, zihlanganisa begazi, enemisebe, emoyeni, contact lefanele, kunika tihlokwana, njll isihloko rusting.

Ukugqwala kukagesi kanye nezici zayo

Kwenye inqubo enjalo nolokubhujiswa senzeka phezu contact we metal ne electrolyte. Njengoba yokugcina kungaba condensate noma imvula amanzi. Uketshezi ngaphezulu iqukethe nosawoti kanye acid, ayanda conductivity kagesi, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukugeleza izinga yenqubo. Kepha izindawo ezithandwa kakhulu ukugqwala isakhiwo eyinsimbi, izipikili, welds, mechanical umonakalo endaweni. Uma izakhiwo ezihlelekile yensimbi ingxubevange ukwenza kube amelana rusting, inqubo ingase imbe kancane, kodwa usaqhubeka. Isibonelo esiyinhloko salokhu zinc. Iqiniso lokuthi ukhethe has a engemihle ezingaphezu kuka yensimbi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu elula, i ingxubevange yensimbi kuyehla, kanti zinc buqeda. Nokho, ukuba khona ifilimu oxide phezu kubambezela inqubo Welanga. Yiqiniso, zonke izinhlobo ukugqwala electrochemical iyingozi kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho engenakwenzeka ukubhekana nazo.

chemical ukugqwala

Ushintsho olunjalo metal kaningi. Isibonelo okuphawuleka okuvela isikali okubangelwa ukuxhumana nomoya-mpilo imikhiqizo metal. Amazinga aphezulu e Kulokhu izenzo njengenhlangano namafutha yenqubo, futhi bayakwazi ukubamba iqhaza uketshezi ezifana namanzi, nosawoti, acid, alikhali futhi usawoti izixazululo. Ekhuluma ngezinto ezifana nethusi noma ukhethe, namachibi yabo kuholela okwengeziwe esitebeleni ifilimu ukugqwala. Steel ifomu umkhiqizo efanayo yensimbi oxide. Ngaphezu kwalokho yezinqubo zamakhemikhali zisenza sibe nokugqwala, okuyinto ayinikeli nokuvikelwa uma umonakalo eminye, kodwa kunalokho kunomthelela lokhu. Njengamanje, zonke izinhlobo ukugqwala chemical kuyaqedwa esebenzisa galvanizing. Kungasetshenziswa futhi ezinye izindlela zokuvikeleka.

Izinhlobo ukugqwala ukhonkolo

Izinguquko ku isakhiwo kanye nesanda brittleness ngokhonkolo bedle imvelo kungaba izinhlobo ezintathu:

• Ukubhujiswa usimende izicucu itshe - omunye lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ukugqwala. Anakho endaweni kwenzeka ukuthi umkhiqizo ngokhonkolo abangu ehlelekile wadalula imvula noma olunye uketshezi. I kwaphumela calcium hydroxide is wageza iphazamiseke isakhiwo.
• Ukuxhumana nama-asidi. Uma itshe usimende kuzoba ukuthintana nama-asidi, it yakha calcium Bicarbonate - nolaka chemical isici umkhiqizo ukhonkolo.
• Crystallization izinto kancane oncibilikayo. Eqinisweni, esinazo emqondweni biocorrosion. Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi izilokazane ezincane (ezinhlamvu, isikhunta) faka ikhule ezimbotsheni futhi athuthukiswe khona, ukuze libhujiswa.

Corrosion: Izinhlobo, izindlela yokuvikela

Ngokungangabazeki, izigidigidi ukulahlekelwa yonyaka uholé yokuthi abantu kufanele ubhekane miphumela elimazayo. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi zonke izinhlobo ukugqwala aliholeli ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi, futhi izinto zensimbi eziyigugu, ukwakhiwa zazo ukuchitha izindodla zemali. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi noma cha ukunikeza 100 Ukuvikelwa amaphesenti kungenzeka. Nokho, nge ebusweni ukulungiselela kahle, okuyinto iwukuhlasela yokuhlanza, kungenzeka ukuze zithole imiphumela emihle. ukugqwala electrochemical ivikela le paintwork uma zisetshenziswa kahle. A ukwaphuka we lensimbi ngaphansi phansi thembeke ukuvikela ukuphathwa ngendlela ekhethekile ebusweni.

izindlela yekwentiwa emzabalazweni

Ingqikithi izindlela esebenzayo ukushintsha isakhiwo kabili ensimini kagesi. Ngenxa yale njongo, umthombo njalo zamanje. Voltage Kufanele kukhethwe ukuze kwandiswe bezikhali electrode ka umkhiqizo ofuna ukuvikela. Enye indlela ethandwa kakhulu - "womhlatshelo" anode. Libhujiswa, ivikela impahla core.

Ukuvikelwa Passive kuhilela ukusetshenziswa upende. Injongo eyinhloko ukuvimbela ngokuphelele ingress umswakama nomoya-mpilo phezu evikelwe. Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla ezimbalwa, kunengqondo ukusebenzisa zinc, ithusi noma nickel Plating. Ngisho ungqimba kancane wabhubhisa uzovikela metal kusukela rusting. Yiqiniso, lezi zinhlobo isivikelo ukugqwala of izinsimbi kuphumelela kuphela uma kwamanzi ngeke kube ukukhubazeka ebonakalayo ezifana imifantu, chips nokunye okunjalo.

Lashukumisa ngokuningiliziwe

Sine nawe embozwe izinhlobo eziyisisekelo ukugqwala, futhi manje ngingathanda ukukhuluma mayelana nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu isivikelo. Elinye lawo libizwa lashukumisa. essence yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi ebusweni umsebenzi sisetshenziswa zinc noma ingxubevange yalo, esinika izakhiwo ebusweni physicochemical. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndlela ubhekwa omunye ukonga nefaneleko, futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le zinc Plating ngesilinganiso mayelana 40 wamaphesenti zomkhiqizo womhlaba kwalesi sakhi ngasinye. Dip lashukumisa amashidi steel kungenzeka ukuba babhekane nani, iziqobosho, kanye amathuluzi kanye nezinye metal. Ngokuthakazelisayo, nge metallization noma sputtering kungenziwa umkhiqizo noma iyiphi isayizi shape evikelwe. Okuhlobisa izinjongo zinc kungaqali, nakuba ngosizo abanye izithasiselo ekhethekile kungenzeka ukuthola evele shiny. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo metal iyakwazi ukunikeza isivikelo esiphezulu ezindaweni nobutha.

isiphetho

Ngakho ngithi kini ukuthi le ukugqwala. Izinhlobo ukugqwala kucatshangelwe. Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi ukuthi ungazivikela kanjani ebusweni kusukela rusting kwesikhathi. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, kwenza kube silula, kodwa sibaluleke kakhulu, kuphi futhi kanjani ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo. Uma Njalo sibhekana ashukumisayo futhi vibration, kukhona awokuthi nesenzakalo ukuqhekeka ku paintwork, lapho umswakama kuyokwehlela phezu kwensimbi, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi kuyoba kancane kancane buba bubi nakakhulu. Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa gaskets ahlukahlukene injoloba kanye sealants emkhakheni nokuxhumana imikhiqizo metal ingahluka kancane isikhathi ekuphileni umgwengwezi.

Nokho, yilokho kuphela kulesi sihloko. Khumbula ukuthi ukwehluleka nisebancane kwesakhiwo ngenxa imithelela ukugqwala kungaholela imiphumela engahlosiwe. I ibhizinisi has a umonakalo omkhulu impahla kanye ukulahlekelwa komuntu zingenzeka ngenxa rusting yenethiwekhi metal.