Cinema India: umlando ekudalweni nokuthuthukiswa

Ngisho noma ungakaze wawabona amabhayisikobho Indian, igama elithi "Bollywood" ngokushesha obhula ezithombe amafilimu langa, elikhanyayo futhi ezinemibala esingu ezindaweni ezingavamile, lapho wonke umdanso ekhululekile futhi bacule. Kodwa uyini umlando ekudalweni nokuthuthukiswa cinema Indian? Futhi umkhakha lukhula ukuba abe omunye ezinamandla kakhulu futhi inzuzo embonini yezwe?

isingeniso

Ochwepheshe abaningi abavumelani yencazelo okunembile kwezindikimba elithi "Bollywood". Noma kunjalo, ukufana ngokuya kuba: "Bollywood" - is ifilimu umkhakha ezinamandla e Mumbai, lapho ifilimu ngokuyinhloko in Hindi, nge ajabulisayo umdanso yesehlakalo ngomculo. Akukona bahlanganise sonke leso umkhakha ifilimu e-India, 20% wenani izwe ukukhiqiza ifilimu. Bollywood - akusiwona ifilimu uhlobo, kungcono umkhakha nge ezihlukahlukene izinkomba.

Umlando cinema Indian sihlehlela emuva yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Ngo-1896, ama-movie yokuqala okudalwe futhi kuboniswe abazalwane Lumiére e Mumbai (Bombay).

Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi uma Harishchandra Sakharam eyaziwa ngokuthi "namanje isithombe" ngaphambilini ikhamera waseNgilandi, kwalokho wenza ifilimu "Champions" emasimini uhlanganyela of Mumbai. Kwaba impi irekhodi elula ukuthi wabonisa ngokushesha e-1899 futhi waqala kubhekwe "ezihambayo" ama-movie kuqala Indian ifilimu umkhakha.

Cinema India: umlando

Uyise cinema Indian kubhekwa Dadasaheda Falke, ngubani ezikhishwe lokuqala yobude obugcwele sici ifilimu emhlabeni "Raja Harischandra" ngo-1913. Lona ifilimu wokuqala Indian kuboniswe London ngo-1914. isithombe Thulile yaphumelela commercial runaway.

Dadasahed akasenzanga umkhiqizi kodwa umqondisi, screenwriter, Cinematographer, umhleli, futhi ngisho artist enze-up. Esikhathini kusuka 1913 kuya ku-1918, wayephatha futhi ukulawula ngokudubula 23 amafilimu.

Ekuqaleni, ukuthuthukiswa cinema Indian akuzange kwenzeke njengoba ngokushesha njengoba Hollywood. izinkampani okusha ifilimu ukukhiqizwa yaqala ukubonakala ku 1920. Imidwebo ezisekelwe emaqinisweni basezinganekwaneni yomlando ngeziqephu kusukela Mahabharata futhi Ramayana, liqale ukubusa e-20s. Kodwa ababukeli Indian ezingaphezu kuka wamukela izidlamlilo.

Ukuphela "Inkathi buthule"

Eyokuqala Indian umsindo ifilimu "Alam Ara" waba bahlolwe eBombay ngo-1931. umqondisi Musical ku isethi lesi sithombe kwaba Hirose Shah ephethwe ukurekhoda ingoma lokuqala "De De Khuda" ngu BM Khan. Cinema India "kwangena" enkathini entsha.

Ngemva kwalokho, izinkampani eziningana ifilimu baye bafuna ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa ifilimu Indian. 328 imidwebo kwasusa 1931. Lena ngokuphindwe kathathu ngaphezu e 1927 - 107 Prime. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, futhi isibalo sezikhungo zokubukela amabhayisikobho kanye amahholo.

Kusukela ngawo-1930 kwaba ngu-1940, esiteji, zikhona izibalo abaningi ababevelele cinema Indian: Debaki Bose, Chetan Anand, iBashani Nitin Bose nabanye.

amafilimu lesifunda

Phakathi nale nkathi, yayithandwa movie Hindi hhayi kuphela. Lesifunda ifilimu umkhakha nako kuye kwaba brand ayo. Eyokuqala Bengali ifilimu "Nal Damyanti" nge abadlali Italian ku izindima phambili, ababukeli wabona ngo-1917. I sithombe ubuthaphuthaphu Dzhayotish Sarkar.

Ngo-1919 wawusetshenziswa oyisimungulu sici South Indian ifilimu onesihloko esithi "vadham kechak".

Esikhathini ifilimu "Kaliya Mardan" indodakazi Dadasaheda Falke ngimntwana lokuqala "izinkanyezi", okuyinto wadlala indima ingane kaKrishna ngo-1919.

ifilimu Sound e Bengali "Jamai Shashti" yabukiswa e-1931 (ezivezwa "Amahholo Madan").

Ngaphandle Bengali nezilimi Indian South, amafilimu lesifunda Kwenziwa ngezinye izilimi:-Oriya, Punjabi, Marathi, isi-Assamese nabanye. "Aethedzha Raja" kwaba ifilimu wokuqala Marathi wenza ngo-1932. Lesi sithombe senziwe Hindi futhi ukuheha abantu abaningi ukubuka.

Ukuzalwa "enkathini entsha"

Umlando Cinema laseNdiya cishe athuthukile ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Ukuzalwa kuka-yesimanje Indian ifilimu umkhakha yilowo owaqhutshelwa e-1947. Le nkathi kwaphawulwa kugucuka abalulekile futhi okungavamile ukudutshulwa amafilimu. abenzi mafilimu Famous Satyat uRay Bimal Roy wenza imidwebo ukuthi babegxile nezindaba sokusinda nokuhlupheka nsuku zonke zabantwana isigaba aphansi.

izifundo zomlando basezinganekwaneni esebohlile ubala, namafilimu zezenhlalo ziye ukuza linqobe umkhakha. Ukuthi babusekelwe izingqikithi ezifana nokuthengisa ngemizimba kwezingane, isithembu kanye nezinye izenzo ezingekho emthethweni, eyayibonakala osakazwa kabanzi eNdiya. Cinema uboniswa futhi wagwetshelwa izenzo ezinjalo.

Ngo-1960 i-abaqondisi ritvik Çatak, Mrinal Sen nabanye igxile izinkinga zangempela kumuntu ovamile. amafilimu eziningana owaziwa badutshulwe kulezi zihloko, esangenza "ukusika niche elikhethekile" Indian ifilimu umkhakha.

Phakathi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili kubhekwa "yokuchuma" emlandweni cinema Indian. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi zaqala ukuhluma ukuthandwa abadlali: Guru Dutt, Radzh Kapur, Dilip Kumar, Meena Kumari, madhubala, Nargis, Nutan, Dev Anand, Waheeda Rehman nabanye.

Bollywood - iphayona of "Masala" movie

Ngawo-1970 i-movie "Masala" buvela Bollywood. Izethameli umxhwele futhi mesmerized by aura we abadlali efana Rajesh Khanna, Darmendra, Sandzhiv Kumar, Hema Malini. Kukholakala ukuthi umsunguli ukudalwa Masala yamafilimu umqondisi odumile futhi yimpumelelo, Manmohan Desai. Wayevame wagomela ukuthi ufuna ngempela ukuba abantu ukhohlwe ukuhlupheka bakhe, waya ezweni lamaphupho, lapho kungekho ubumpofu.

"Shola" - i ifilimu ezintsha kuqondiswe yi Ramesh Sippy, hhayi kuphela baqashelwa international, kodwa futhi wenza 'superstar' Amitabh Bachchan.

Eziningana abaqondisi zesifazane (Meera Nair, Aparna Sen) ziye zabonisa amathalente abo ngo-1980. Singabonisa kanjani ukhohlwe kinotvortse kokuvamile ephelele Rekha, ngubani wakhumula ifilimu emangalisayo "Umrao Jaan" ngo-1981?

Ngo-1990 kwaba ethandwa abadlali ezifana: shah rukh Khan, Salman Khan, Vinod Dixit, Aamir Khan, Chawla, Chiranjeevi nabanye. Lezi ochwepheshe babheka izindlela ezintsha ezingaphezu athuthukile cinema yeNdiya. Umlando ngeke ukhohlwe ngo-2008, lapho isibe mlando Bollywood - Rahman yawina Oscar imiklomelo ezimbili soundtrack best of the movie "Slumdog Millionaire."

ubuzwe

Ukuqhubeka ujwayele cinema Indian, kuyafaneleka ukuthi zikhona yini izici ezine eziyinhloko ezisiza ubudlelwano obukhona njengamanje ngaphezulu "India - ebhayisikobho": ubuzwe, ukucwaninga izici, futhi umculo izinhlobo. Cabanga ngalezi zihloko kabanzi.

Ngendlela efanele usaqala yentuthuko umkhakha eziningi izibalo olukhulu Bollywood ukukhetha lenzelwa ukusetshenziswa Hindi njengoba enkulu amafilimu Indian. Kungani becabanga kanjalo? Ngempela, India ukukhuluma emakhulwini ezilimi, futhi Hindi akuyona ngisho ezivamile wabo. Waba "abakhulu" njengoba Hindi - lwesigodi yezitolo ukuthi wayazi ingxenye enkulu yomphakathi.

Esinye isici isizwe esisodwa Umdlalo wema khadi ifilimu umculo kuyinto eclectic. Zisuka nje, amashuni esidalelwe amafilimu, kufakwe izitayela ezihlukahlukene zezwe.

Isici sesithathu - a "izwe" amabhayisikobho e-India, okuyinto gcagca amaSulumane amaHindu noma amaKristu, kanye nabantu abavela amakilasi nomphakathi ukuze athole impumelelo enkulu ekuphileni. Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi iningi abasunguli amabhayisikobho lamaNdiya kubhekwe ukuthi eliyisisekelo Indian ifilimu umkhakha sekuyindlela eyinhloko ukuba nenkululeko ikusasa lezwe LaseBrithani.

ukucwaninga

Lapho ebhayisikobho of India lwalusaqhubeka ubuholi British, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukufakwa izihloko ezithile movie. Kodwa ngemva lizwe yakhululeka ekubusweni iBrithani, ukucwaninga izici ifikile ukudlala indima juqu isitayela amafilimu.

Ukuyichazela ukuthi ucansi unqatshelwe ngokuphelele futhi ekuxhumaneni ngokomzimba kwenqubomgomo (ngisho ukuqabulana). Ngakho, "komzimba" yohlamvu indawo ngokuphelele lezo zinto oye kuyinsakavukela. Ivunyelwe kuphela ukukhanya touch emahlombe phakathi namaqhawe ezimbili romantic nokugcina abantu eduze komunye nomunye ngaphandle kokuthinta. Inkhulumomphendvulwano futhi ibonisa isinxephezelo nokulahlekelwa kwezocansi. Izibukeli nje kudingeka ukujwayela ukuqonda kwabo.

Izinhlobo

Umlando cinema Indian (amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngakho ethulwa ngezansi) libonisa ukuthi ukucwaninga futhi saba negalelo ekwakhiweni izinhlobo eziningana eliyingqayizivele Bollywood. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, lapho kwakukhona impi phakathi kweNdiya Pakistan, e-movie ayenqatshelwe yisho kuwo. Izitha akakwazi ngokuthi ngamagama azo.

A umthelela omkhulu imboni yamabhayisikobho ukusiza Uhulumeni yezwe: kunenkolelo yokuthi isidingo zomphakathi ukukhombisa kuphela ezokwenza nethonya endleleni esibheka yayo zezombangazwe nezenhlalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho imithetho yokuthi ngiyingane yokutholwa, okuyinto Kusolwa ukuthi ukubonisa isimo izinhlamvu kumafilimu kumele kusetshenziswe kuphela umculo we-classic of North India.

Yobutha phakathi kukahulumeni kanye nabezimboni ifilimu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1998, ngaphambi kokuba ukwamukelwa kwalesi simemezelo on ukuthuthukisa abancike embonini.

umculo

Umculo - yilokhu izibukeli eziningi ngokuthi isici belinganisa of Bollywood amafilimu. Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso impela! umqondisi Musical (njengoba kubhekiselwe kuyo Indian ifilimu bomculo) ukuze empeleni cabanga isidingo zezingoma amafilimu, hhayi njengoba ekuvunyweni ziyazithanda izimiso, ngibaphathisa umthetho elula ongenambangi.

Umculo - ingxenye efanayo movie, kanye izingubo. Okubalulekile, izingoma abadali ayiyifuni ukukhuthaza indalo yabo. Bonke bahlose ukuthuthukisa isethulo bokubeka indaba izethameli.

Ikhaya iqiniso: nabalingisi movie musa ukucula, futhi nabadlali efanayo Ucula izwi izinhlamvu eziningana. Noma kunjalo, India ubhekwa kuyinjabulo double ukubheka ulalele okungcono umlingisi umculi ozithandayo.

I nzima kakhulu abadali movie wadutshulwa umculo yesehlakalo. Umqondisi ngamunye wayezama ngezindlela ezahlukene ifilimu izingoma kusukela movie. It yaduma kakhulu ukuthi ngisho nanamuhla-80% wabo bonke amafilimu baseNdiya abangamaphesenti esingu kwi "ukudlala umculo imikhiqizo."

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo emlandweni cinema Indian

Imboni ifilimu eNdiya - a umkhakha esiyingqayizivele. Ngakho-ke, kukhona ezinye izici ongaziwa kithi. Ake sicabangele kubo:

1. Hlelo Premier. Amabhayisikobho amaningi athandwayo kuboniswe ngemibandela ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, blockbusters big "eyakhishwa" ngesikhathi ukugubha enkulu yokudumisa ekupheleni Ramadan kuphela, futhi ngesikhathi off-inkathi ikhilikithi cinema efana "ziyophela" ekugcineni.

2. "Konke emndenini." Cinema India umlando waso, befinyelela umgomo oyinhloko - ukubeka umndeni kuqala ukuphila wonke umuntu. Imboni ifilimu eNtshonalanga ukuthi 'siziqhayise "abakwazi.

3. Indian "Oscar". Bollywood has version ayo indondo - ke Filmfar Evords, okuyinto has azihlangene akuthandayo of the izilaleli. Okubaluleke kakhulu - emcimbini nekwetfula indondo ye 'Game Kuhle ".

4. "cinema parallel". abalandeli abaningi-movie Indian ngisho nokuwabona ukuthi eNdiya liye hhayi kuphela Ususe isithombe ukucula nokudansa. Abanye abenzi mafilimu, eyaziwa ngokuthi "abenzi mafilimu okufanayo," wahlanganyela ukuqopha "cinema sina." Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1998 weza ifilimu "Dil Se", lapho protagonist ekhuluma ngendawo nesimo esinzima zezombusazwe emhlabeni.

isiphetho

Cinema India (izithombe izigcawu amahle eboniswe ngenhla) buye baba ingxenye ebalulekile ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhayisikobho noma isithombe zesifunda Bollywood. Kufeza indima ebalulekile emphakathini wethu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi "letijabulisako" kuyizwi ukhiye cinema Indian, indaba has imiphumela ezuzisayo engqondweni ukwazi izilaleli.

Emlandweni amafilimu Indian wathuthuka kusuka amakhamera ngcono amasu wokuhlela. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe wandisa lokusungula ka abenzi mafilimu. Noma kunjalo, intuthuko wayengakwazi lidlule namasiko India. Futhi lokho kuhle!