Cathedral St Basil ku Red Square

Leli thempeli elikhulu lakulesi Red Square - Saint Vasiliya Blazhennogo - lesikhumbuzo emhlabeni odumile bokwakha isonto Russian. Afakwe irejista nakumasiko ezingeni emhlabeni ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi i-UNESCO. elinye igama layo - Cathedral St Basil sika.

Enye Cathedral Red Square, Kazan, sise ekhoneni Nicholas Street, eduze Mint. Leli thempeli has umlando walo. Cathedral eMoscow ku Red Square ezakhiwa ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, futhi ngamunye isithakazelo zabo nezidumile.

Muscovites abaningi nezivakashi bakholelwa ukuthi Red Square amasonto amabili, nokunye okuningi. Lo mbono unephutha, njengoba nezinye yobuciko bokwakha isonto Russian, nakuba kungabonakala Red Square, bangaphandle izindonga ezibiyele, endaweni YaseMoscow Kremlin. Ngakho, impendulo yombuzo Cathedral kangakanani e Red Square, kuyinto akunakungatshazwa.

isikhungo eMoscow libhekene izikhumbuzo zalo eziningi.

Cathedral St Basil ku Red Square, isithombe zazo okwethulwa kulesi sihloko, itholakala maqondana ezibiyele sika Spassky Tower ekuqaleni Vasilyevsky Spusk. Eduze uyisikhumbuzo zethusi Minin futhi Pozharsky, elisungulwe 1818.

Intercession Cathedral ngesikhathi Red Square iyona grand oyingqophamlando ka-Moscow. Amaqembu abavakashi ngabanye ukuchitha amahora wanqamula zemibukiso. Futhi uma cela isiJapane, isiFulentshi noma Danish we lombhishobhi Red Square ezikuthandayo Ngaphezu kwalokho, akazange anqikaze ukubiza Cathedral of the umkhulumeli. Kungokufanayo uthi futhi Muscovites.

Cathedral St Basil ku Red Square - kuba wobuciko okungenakuqhathaniswa izakhiwo ithempeli phakathi nekhulu le-16, ezakhiwe behlonipha umcimbi omkhulu esenzeka Russia ngo-Okthoba 1552 - ukuthunjwa Kazan kanye uzowanqoba Kazan Khanate. Tsar Ivan Grozny ngaphambilini ukwakha isonto, "ekungafanele kube okufanayo." Lokhu "isonto" nelithi waqala Cathedral St Basil ku Red Square, okuyinto lakhiwa iminyaka engamashumi amane nesithupha, esikhathini kusuka 1555 by 1561. Kamuva, izandiso eziningana umlingisi lwezinhlangano ezingathandwa ezibhekwa senziwa.

isakhiwo

Architects Barma futhi okusheshayo wadala lombhishobhi iphrojekthi, ehlanganisa izinsika emaphakathi kanye amasonto angama eziyisishiyagalombili, ukuthi zikuphi ezinhlangothini zomhlaba, ngokuhambisana izimiso isakhiwo sesonto ngesikhathi:

• Emaphakathi insika - nokuVikelwa Virgin oNgcwele.
• Ngasempumalanga - ohlangothini yesonto-zintathu Ongcwele.
• West - yesonto "Ukungena eJerusalema".
• Esikhathini enyakatho-ntshonalanga - yesonto "Gregory Armenia WAMAKATOLIKA".
• Esikhathini eningizimu-mpumalanga - yesonto "Svirskogo Aleksandra."
• Ngo eningizimu-ntshonalanga - yesonto "Varlaama Hutynskogo".
• Enyakatho-mpumalanga - yesonto "Ioanna Milostivogo."
• South - yesonto "Nikolaya Chudotvortsa".
• North - yesonto "Cyprian futhi Ustinov."

Njengoba Cathedral kungekho zewayini, base engaphansi lusemqoka, amakhodi okuncike ukushuba imitha emithathu ngezitini odongeni. Kuze 1595 engaphansi Pokrovsky Cathedral yasetshenziselwa ukugcina umcebo wasebukhosini. Ngaphezu igolide, afakwe isitoreji izithonjana eyigugu kakhulu.

Esitezi sesibili wethempeli - konke lokhu ngqo Izindlwana kanye nensika ephakathi nendawo yendlela ekukhulunyelweni of the Virgin Mary, sizungezwe igalari kuyiphi ungathola ngokusebenzisa iminyango arched bonke amakamelo, kanye lasakazeka lisuka kumuntu oyedwa emasontweni.

Svirskogo Aleksandra Church

Chapel of the isiqondiso eningizimu-asempumalanga abazinikele e egameni Aleksandra Svirskogo, uMfundisi. Ngosuku inkumbulo yakhe, e-1552, kwaba omunye eziwumnqamula-juqu yomkhankaso Kazan - ukunqotshwa abagibele amahhashi Khan Tsarevich Yapanchi.

Aleksandra Svirskogo Church - omunye Izindlwana ezincane ezine, esakhiwa quadrangle esiphansi kanye eziyisishiyagalombili kanye isigubhu ne amawindi. Chapel of the Dome is ethwele isiphambano.

Isonto Varlaama Hutynskogo

Isonto Varlaama Hutynskogo, owayeyindela, abangcweliselwe egameni lakhe. Chetverik base kuba octagon ongaphakeme futhi zibe backplate Dome. Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba yesonto kugudlukela ngasengxenyeni esangweni lenkosi. I umhlobiso ingaphakathi kuhlanganisa iconostasis tyablovy izithombe kwekhulu le-16, phakathi kwawo ivelele isithonjana Novgorod "Vision Tarasy, sacristan."

Isonto "Ukungena eJerusalema"

Chapel of Westbound ngayingcwelisa yokudumisa iholide, "Ukungena eJerusalema". isonto Big ngesimo a embhedeni izinsika octagonal, aphuma ezingeni lesithathu kuya sigubhu esebenzisa ibhande Lesisemkhatsini kokoshniks ngokufanele "vperebezhku".

I umhlobiso elingaphakathi uhlamvu ocebile zokuhlobisa, hhayi ngaphandle solemnity. I iconostasis luthathwe Aleksandra Nevskogo Cathedral, ngaphambili ise eMoscow Kremlin. Chetyrehyarusnaya tyablovaya design ehlotshiswe amapuleti eyayibhalwe eqoshiwe imininingwane rosewood. Umugqa phansi imifanekiso isitshela indaba Creation.

Gregory Church, kotalikosa Armenia

Chapel Side, zibheke enyakatho-ntshonalanga, abazinikele e egameni uthisha Armenia. kwesitsha Small esontweni kwathatha octagon ongaphakeme ngezinhla ezintathu nemengamo corbel "vperebezhku", othathwe cross-Dome isitayela cubic amasonto Engxenyeni kwekhulu le-15 yesibili. Dome ukuma eyinqaba, ziboya okwedayimane overtightened "anezikhala" bands eluhlaza.

I iconostasis ehlukahlukene, eluheleni - velvet umgubuzelo zibonisa kwasetshenziswa Calvary. The elingaphakathi isonto ugcwele amakhandlela "Skinny" - zezibani sokhuni afakwa mncane amakhandlela isonto. On the izindonga ahlelwe isibonisi izambatho abapristi felony futhi surplices, umsebenzi womfekethisi igolide. Maphakathi Kandy, ehlotshiswe koqweqwe lwawo.

Isonto Cyprian futhi Ustinov

Isonto ezinkulu, zibheke enyakatho. Ngosuku inkumbulo Cyprian futhi Ustinov amabutho bobukhosi kutheleka Kazan. insika octagonal nge gables sidlula uqimba kokoshniks e sigubhu faceted. Dome, eyakhelwe buqhathaniswa mpo eliluhlaza nokumhlophe, insika ebekiwe umqhele. Ingaphakathi lesonto ezibaziweyo iconostasis nesinabantu abaningi odongeni imidwebo ne izigcawu kusukela izimpilo yabangcwele.

Ibandla ibuyiselwe izikhathi eziningana, update lokugcina sihlehlela emuva ngonyaka 2007, ukusekelwa ngokwezimali wathola kusukela JSC "Railways Russian".

Chapel of Nikoly Velikoretskogo

Chapel Side, zibheke eningizimu, lanikezelwa ngo igama Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, ogama lakhe behlonipha Velikoretskaya labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe Khlynova eMfuleni Omkhulu. Isonto kuyinto ezimbili-tiered insika octagonal nge gables, kuphenduke uchungechunge corbel nemengamo. Ngenhla izici ezintsha kwemibhoshongo octagonal ethwele ekhanda kwesiphambano-Orthodox. Dome of the isonto edwetshwe uzalela imivimbo mihlobiso imibala obomvu nomhlophe.

Isonto-zintathu Ongcwele

Enye yesonto esikhulu Pokrovsky Cathedral, elibheke empumalanga, lanikezelwa ngo igama zintathu Omkhulu. Embhedeni insika ukucushwa octagonal anezinhlaka gables ezinophahla olungunxantathu phezu uqimba ephansi, ezungezwe kokoshniks phakathi okuyingxenye futhi eziyisishiyagalombili isipikili Dome, ezimibalabala kakhulu kulo Vasiliya Blazhennogo Temple kwengoma.

Chapel of "Lezinzalamizi amathathu"

Ukubhekana yesonto empumalanga abazinikele e udumo Lezinzalamizi ezintathu waseConstantinople: uJohane, uPawulu no-Aleksandru. Izici iconostasis ezinkulu ezinhlanu-tiered of Baroque uhlobo, izithombe isihlanganisi wendawo, Deesis, uhlala ne izitembu. The elingaphakathi lalungiswa ngo-2007.

Vasiliy Blazhenny

Ngo 1588 esontweni lombhishobhi ku Red Square laqedwa ohlangothini enyakatho-mpumalanga. Ngu Insika 'uGregory Armenia "wanezela Chapel behlonipha Vasiliya Blazhennogo, owashona ngo-1552, abashiswayo bangcwatshwa kwesokudla esakhiweni lombhishobhi.

Cathedral St Basil ku Red Square, ngaphezu enanini layo yezakhiwo kanye zomlando, has futhi izimpawu engcwele ngokuya nemingcwabo zenkolo. Ngo 1589, egumbini lombhishobhi wangcwatshwa ioann Moskovsky. Ngo 1672, e-Pokrovsky Cathedral kwaba emathuneni izinsalela Ioanna Blazhennogo, eMoscow isimangaliso isisebenzi.

IKazan Cathedral ku Red Square

Ngo 1625, ku-Nikolskaya Street IBandla lakhiwa sokhuni Kazan UnguNina KaNkulunkulu eMoscow ngezithukuthuku Prince Pozharsky. isonto Kazan lashisa futhi endaweni yayo yamisa itshe iKazan Cathedral ngemva kweminyaka elithoba. Ngalesi sikhathi ukwakhiwa yesonto ikhokhwe inkosi Mikhail Fedorovich, ngayingcwelisa esitheni isakhiwo sokuhlala esisha kwaba ngo 1636 inzalamizi Joasaph kuqala.

Phakathi nokwakha kabusha kukaStalin Manege Square Cathedral sabhidlizwa, kwaba ngo-1936. Church of the Kazan UnguNina KaNkulunkulu sidalwa kabusha ku nineties zakuqala, at the isinyathelo YaseMoscow Society for the Ukuvikelwa Cultural Monuments. Okwamanje, iKazan Cathedral, elise Red Square, ingenye yobuciko eziphawuleka kakhulu eMoscow izakhiwo zesonto.