Canyon: incazelo

Canyon kubhekwa isimangaliso adalwe Imvelo uqobo lwayo. womuntu amandla akuzange kusetshenziswe ukuba umsuka walo omuhle wobuciko. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi abantu aba yingcweti emisebenzini yindawo enhle, futhi manje e-Grand Canyon e-United States kuthandwa kakhulu phakathi izivakashi. Yini edonsela abantu kule ndawo Amazing ubuhle? Iyini indaba umsuka omunye okudaliwe emangalisayo yokuphulukisa nemvelo?

Kuvele nabokhulumile Ukhahlamba

Hans Cloos, sesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba, evela eJalimane, wanika canyon nenchazelo - walibiza ngokuthi "okuhlanekezelwe Ukhahlamba." Colorado yigama yokunika ngenxa kucatshangwa ukuthi uma wonke canyon ugcwalise usimende noma ubumba, ukuvumela ukuze ome, bese uthola futhi uphenduke, uthola ngempela Ukhahlamba, afana Apennines.

Grand Canyon (Grand, Grand Canyon) wakhothama phezu amakhilomitha 446 ubude futhi amakhilomitha eyodwa nengxenye ekujuleni isimo Arizona.

incazelo canyon

Canyon has phezu kwezingange zawo isithombe yinqaba, umbono okusikhumbuza amathempeli lasendulo, imibhoshongo, izindonga nezigodlo. Lezi zinombolo zabangela ukuba uMfula Colorado, Okumangazayo ukugeza idwala kude esithambile futhi siphelelisa kubo. Lokhu emehlweni iyingqayizivele ngempela futhi engachazeki, okumangalisayo izithombe zabo. Ngakho, lapha ungabona sobukhosi Vatan, Nethempeli Shiva futhi Vishnu Ithempeli nezinye izithombe eziningi ezingokwemvelo ezilwa abantu onginike amagama.

Umhosha omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni e Iphalethi yakhe ine uquqaba imibala kanye iridescence. Kuye umthunzi lwamafu kwelanga canyon indawo shimmers ngayo yonke imibala - kusukela onsomi ansundu abamnyama, kusukela grey-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuze pink ukukhanya. Zazise ubuhle umdlalo, ungakwazi imibala, nje kokuba iseduze lesi simangaliso bemvelo.

Canyon idume izimo zawo zezulu. Phezulu emoyeni sekuqala ukufudumala degrees akuvamile engaphezu kwengu-15, futhi itholakala ngezansi esikhipha emhlabeni, futhi izinga lokushisa ifinyelela 40 degrees.

Njengoba Colorado canyon kwamiswa?

Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi iminyaka engu-10 izigidi ezingu edlule esizeni umhosha laba sobala, wenza yamadwala ezithambile ezifana oluthambile namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe. ukwaphuka we uqweqwe ezakhiwe ukuguguleka eye yabangela ukuba phezu koMfula Colorado. Ithafa isinyathelo butho elikhulu, futhi umfula zakhukhula imitha ngu imitha zohlobo, kuvuleke indlela yayo, ocwilayo engena shí.

Kodwa hhayi zamisa ukwakhiwa umhosha namuhla. emfuleni Daily ithwala e okusheshayo amatshe alo ukugeleza-wageza. Abehlela phansi Colorado, ungabona zamatshe okuyinto ingxenye ezijulileyo canyon. Lokhu lasendulo crystalline yamadwala nasemigodini egwadle, ogama ubudala, kulinganiselwa ukuthi, eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili!

Incazelo iColorado

Grand Canyon ukweleta yayo umsuka kuya Colorado River, futhi lokhu Umakhi encazelweni umhosha ikani ziyaqonda. Colorado - umfula omkhulu kunayo yonke, nobude bawo 2334 km, futhi kuthatha lwaluvelaphi eziNtabeni ZaseRocky Colorado (state). endleleni yayo siqondiswe eningizimu-ntshonalanga, futhi Lake Mead nge esejika kuya eningizimu. Ukuwela ayofika emngceleni waseMexico, umfula uthola umlomo wawo uthululela phakathi Gulf of California, elwandle eliKhulu iPacific. Kodwa akulula njalo njengoba kubonakala. Colorado abanakwethenjwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlangabezana olwandle. "Kiss" wabo wokugcina owawuse ngo-1998, ngemva izikhukhula ezinkulu.

Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi Spanish "Colorado" lisho ukuthi "Red" negama Iqondanisa yayo umbala. River, amathani eshanela ngesilinganiso amakhilomitha ngehora engaphezu kwengu-20, ngosuku izona we canyon abangaphezu kwesigamu sesigidi edwaleni. Rapid ekusakazeni ezinodaka ngenxa bomvu.

Lava Foley, embundwini emfuleni, bebheka bonke lokuthumela sezitimela ezinejubane kakhulu emhlabeni, nomakhelwane waso - Lava Rapids - ezindaweni eziyingozi kakhulu. Kuze 1948 kwakukhona ingqikithi amadoda 100 abanesibindi ngubani Sakwazi ukunqoba iColorado, ukubhukuda kanye ubude balo lonke. Namuhla, izinkulungwane zabantu unyaka ngamunye uchithe yokuzilibazisa isikhathi sabo ngendlela Uzalo eziyingozi emfuleni okusheshayo.

Njengoba kahle canyon?

Abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane edlule, amaNdiya ahlala endaweni canyon. Ubufakazi abahlala lapha atholakala namathathu banesifo esibi kwekhulu elidlule, le petroglyphs (isithombe ezenziwe umuntu emadwaleni).

I-Spanish kwakungamadodana abaMhlophe bokuqala wavakashela Canyon Colorado. Nokuhamba izindawo ebabazekayo esenzeka ngo-1540, futhi sabenza bakhangwa lapha ithuba ukuzinothisa wona, emva ngeensetjenziswa isamba Amazing abehlela kahle igolide. Nokho, yonke imisebenzi yabo yayiyize, futhi abavukuzi ngilambatha engajabule kwesokunxele umhosha. Nganginomuzwa wokuthi ukunqoba endaweni eyinqaba, kodwa izinhlelo akuzange kube njalo, njengoba abantu abaningi baseSpain ecasukile abakwazanga ukunqoba umhosha.

Ngemva emva abaMhlophe bokuqala iminyaka 236 ukuhlala Colorado kuchazwe indawo wavakashela indela frantsiansky. Igama lakhe kwakungu-Francisco Garces, uThomase injongo yokuvakasha baKhe kwaba ukuxhumana nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele wendawo. Yokusinda kwe-monk washaywa ubukhulu nobuhle lendawo, futhi nguye owawunikeza igama layo - Grand Canyon, okungukuthi e-Grand Canyon.

Ngo-1948 le nto laba impahla yabantwana-United States, futhi kakade 1869 futhi 1871. Okukhulu Dzhon Pauell wenza uhambo yonkana elula canyon, bambeka incazelo ephelele.

Ngo-1870, i-nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele abahlala kule ndawo amakhulu eminyaka amaningi, ziye zikhishwe ngempoqo.

UTeodor Ruzvelt, umongameli wase-United States, wavakashela kulezi zindawo ngo-1903, wabe esecela zonke izakhamuzi ingamthinti ubuhle bemvelo wadala, shiya konke azizange zishintshe, futhi wanika canyon emfuleni futhi isimo amagugu esizwe.

Ngo-1919, uMongameli Wilson asekela lo msebenzi we Senator Harrison ukudala Grand Canyon National Park. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, igama kanye nesimo zihlala zinjalo.

Colorado River Bridge, ibhuloho 579 budze, sabekwa ngo-2010. Itholakala endaweni engamamitha angu-250 metres ngaphezu komfula, hhayi kuphela car abashayeli kodwa futhi abahamba ngezinyawo bakwazi ukuhlola kuye ukuthola amehlo akhe emehlweni.

esiqiwini

Grand Canyon National Park e-United States ine indawo 4930 square metres. It is evamile ihlukaniswe yaba khona iNyakatho neNingizimu izifunda.

Phansi canyon ukhumbuza landscape Mexican, lapha Cacti, yucca futhi i-agave. Ephakeme emagqumeni eNtaba yinto ehlukile ngokuphelele, ubuswa oki, neminyezane, Pines nezomjunipha.

I nezilwane ezihlukahlukene umhosha, ahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngo kwepaki butholakala engaphezu kwengu-60 zezilwane ezincelisayo nezinhlobo mayelana zinhlobo ayikhulu izinyoni. Lapha umuntu angabona inyamazane black-tailed, coyote, impungushe, ama-lynx, puma, skunk, ingungumbane, unogwaja, Chipmunk, izimbuzi ezahlukene kanye nezinye izilwane eziningi.

ezokuvakasha

Ujantshi kuya canyon kwakhiwa ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, futhi manje le ndawo ethandwa kakhulu phakathi izivakashi.

Wonke muntu umenyiwe ukuvakasha abanesibindi, okuyinto kuzothatha isikhathi kusukela ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya emasontweni amathathu. Yena kuyingozi kakhulu, ezinzima futhi akuqinisekile, futhi wonke uhambo ulungisa Colorado River uqobo. Grand Canyon evakashela yabaningi kukho ingxubevange ka lo mfula, kukhona eziningi izingozi, kodwa ayigcini izivakashi.

Siphinde anikele izinkambo ukuhamba noma ibhasi. Ensimini ka-Grand Canyon yazo zonke izivakashi inikezwa: kukhona izitolo, amathilomu kanye namahhotela. Ngakho lezo zindawo ungakwazi ukuza nomndeni wakho kwisethingi enhle engokwemvelo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa lonke kusukela okumatasa komuzi.

Zonke izivakashi emnyango uxwayise mayelana izinhlawulo kungenzeka. Ngakho, phezu amabhokisi esidlule kulahliwe iphepha anganika dollar ayinkulungwane!

uhambo ezibukwayo

Esikhathini '40s futhi' 50s, izindiza eziningi ehilelekile ukuthuthwa abagibeli, ngokukhethekile kwavula indlela yabo ngokusebenzisa Colorado Canyon. Ukuze abantu ngokugcwele uyibona yonke ubuhle, bandisa wenza okuthiwa ezibukwayo hambo, abacula phezu canyon ezimbalwa emathangeni, wehlise indiza at kakhulu ongaphakeme kokuwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngo-1956, ngo-June 30, phezu canyon wabhekana izindiza ezimbili bawa. Abulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-120, futhi kusukela ngalolo suku kuqhubeke izindiza onjalo nimnikele umhosha akuvunyelwe.