Canterbury Cathedral (UK): incazelo, isithombe

Ngo oluseningizimu-mpumalanga yeNgilandi, e esifundeni seKent, liphume esabekayo kakhulu ezidumile endala isakhiwo Gothic esifundeni, ifa eminyaka ubuKristu - Canterbury Cathedral (igama elisemthethweni - I Cathedral kanye Metropolitan Church of Canterbury). Leli thempeli, isithombe esibonisa amandla, amakhulu ngamakhulu eminyaka abantu bakhonza njengendikimba Ihabhu amaKristu British.

Kuze kube manje lesi lesikhumbuzo emangalisayo yezakhiwo aye wasigcina ukunambitheka kwako futhi ukhonza njengoba yokuhlala yeSonto LaseSheshi futhi iSidlo Anglican - uMbhishobhi Omkhulu waseCanterbury.

Indaba iqala

Canterbury Cathedral uyaziqhenya nomlando wakhe omude, obuhlehlela emuva kusukela esikhathini lapho lesi siqhingi British isetshenzwe lase libhujiswa ngemaRoma. Kuleso sikhathi ezikude sethempeli abezizwe lapha. Kakade emva lesi siqhingi sasibizwa wavakashela yanqotshwa amaRoma, indawo lomhlatshelo yaphenduka engcwele yobuqaba (lokhu kwenzeka emhlabeni ekhulwini V).

UPapa Gregory Ngangifuna ubuKristu lapha: kule ndaba, owayengumphathi wesigodlo ka lezindela eSt Andrew eRoma, u-Augustine Canterbury wanikezwa imiyalo ukuhlela elizimisele eBritish Isles, inhloso okuyinto ukuze kuqedwe ubuqaba futhi ekusakazekeni kobuKristu.

Umphumela walolu hambo sevangeli esithile esikhonza e 597 wazala Canterbury Cathedral, eyasungulwa komyalo wakhe, behlonipha usanta likaJesu Kristu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kwezindonga zomuzi Yakhiwa lezindela Saints uPetru noPawulu, kamuva kabusha yokudumisa lahlangana eSt Augustine. Lapha singcwabe edolobheni sababhishobhi.

I ukwa lokuqala

Cathedral, okukhulunywa (eNgilandi ibizwa ngokuthi njengoba Canterbury Cathedral), ngokuphindaphindiwe kabusha. Ngakho, ngemva kwezinye ukulungiswa nibonakala yayingafuni lombhishobhi iSt Peter eRoma. Esikhathini X leminyaka azungeze izakhiwo zenkolo kwaphakama sezindela Benedictine.

I ekuqaleni kwekhulu XI ushiye uphawu esidabukisayo emlandweni lombhishobhi - ahlupheka umonakalo enkulu amaViking, ukubuyisela kwakungenakwenzeka. Kungazelelwe, uhlasele Danes athumba futhi kamuva wabulala u-Archbishop Alfeydzha owaba Archbishop wokuqala Omkhulu waseCanterbury abafel 'ukholo.

Iphuzu lokugcina emlandweni wobuKristu, maphakathi inkathi eBritish Isles ukubeka umlilo elafika kamuva kwamashumi amahlanu.

New Breath Cathedral

Futhi eminyakeni 3 ngemva kwale nhlekelele, e-1070, kwaqala iMpi nokwakhiwa yesonto entsha esizeni izakhiwo zenkolo zishiswe. , Wengamela ukwakhiwa wokuqala Norman-Archbishop Lanfranc, lowaba kulesi sikhundla iminyaka 7.

Canterbury Cathedral, isithombe esibonisa indlela sakhiwo esisha ifana lezindela eSt uStefanu eFrance, lapho ebemise khona ngaphambili wakhonza njengephayona li, lithole ithuba lokuphila okusha. Ngisho itshe ukwakhiwa walethwa uMbhishobhi lenkaba. 1077 kwaphawulwa umqhele Christian Centre esanda yamisa futhi kwavulwa emphakathini.

igazi Okokuqala egameni inkolo

Canterbury Cathedral esiye sabhekana nazo izenzakalo eziningi ekuphileni kwakhe. Omunye iziqephu bhá nezinezinhlekelele kakhulu kwaba ukubulala ngobugwala Thomas Becket. Le ndaba yaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu XII, lapho eNgilandi iNkosi uHenry II Plantagenet esimisiwe umngane wakhe omkhulu, Becket iNkosi Shansela sika, inhloko esontweni lakhe laseSheshi. Sezizonke, Nkosi Thomas wathatha lesi sikhundla zokuhlonipha, kodwa izingxabano zezombangazwe kwemibono neNkosi yase-England, neNkosi nokumela Awesome esontweni kwaholela yokuthi Disemba 29, 1170 ku-oda kukaHenry II, wabulawa Knights of the altare elingcwelengcwele lombhishobhi.

Kamuva, inkosi iphenduka ngesenzo sakhe, futhi njengoba uhlobo wokuhlengwa wecala sokubala yashesha wabulala saint (lokhu kwenzeka eminyakeni emithathu ngemva kokufa-Archbishop esikhundleni kuze kuphele iminyaka emihlanu). Thomas Becket waba ngowesibili Umthala abakhulu ukholo abulawa phakathi enkonzweni yebandla Canterbury.

Amandla okuphulukisa Thomas Becket

Kwaphela isikhathi eside ethuneni umpristi kubhekwe indawo nokuphulukisa abagulayo, ngonyaka edonsa amakhulu Cathedral zokufuna ukuba aphulukise. Phakathi izivakashi indawo yokungcwaba Becket babe ezicukuthwaneni owakhuphula esivulekile. imali etholwe olungcwele oluya waya umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo. Temple, izithombe ebonisa ukuthi ukulungiswa yakhe bedele okuningi imali, manje base bazinakekela.

Nokho, ngo-1174 waphinde wasinda emlilweni, okwaphumela ashisiwe izingxenye zokhuni zika isakhiwo. Akukhona nje babhekana Crypt, okuyinto eye waqhubeka ukubukeka kwayo ngesikhathi umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo. Ezinye izindaba zika-wokwakha kabusha ngaphansi kokuqondisa wezakhiwo French uWilliam Sens, kodwa kakade isitayela Gothic. Khona-ke ukwakhiwa eyayiholwa umakhi eyiNgisi uWilliam ngesiNgisi. Phakathi nale nkathi, izinsalela abakhulu wabulala zihanjiswe kusukela Crypt e Omkhulu bayakha kabusha lombhishobhi.

Ngesikhathi indawo ye Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba wokushiswa yayakhiwe indlwana zintathu Ongcwele, okwashukumisa lomngcwabo uThomas Becket. Lapha wahlala kuze 1538, lapho iNkosi olandelayo England - uHenry VIII Tudor lwamakhosi - nomona Amazing lombhishobhi izimali ngenxa pilgrim, ogama inombolo akuzange kwehle emva komlilo, wanquma sabe engcebweni yethempeli.

Kuze kube yimanje, umbusi eNgilandi yamemezela Isivivinyo umufi ngoba eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu edlule, uMbhishobhi. Ngokwemvelo, lona wamuva akazange zivele kuyo. Lokhu, kanye bemangalelwa bayavukela Wawugujelwani ukuqashelwa uThomas Becket icala sibhudungele ingcebo ethuneni lakhe esivuna umcebo wasebukhosini. Bambalwa ababhishobhi eNgilandi kungaba ngizibonge ocebile okunjalo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo umlando odabukisayo emzabalazweni kumelwene nombuso ohlanga.

Ngaphansi kobuholi UWilliam eyiNgisi eduze yesonto-zintathu Ongcwele lakhiwa omunye, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-"Umqhele Becket": ngoba kunesithembiso umqhele ekhanda, kwaba ngosuku lokubulala u-Archbishop.

umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha entsha

Canterbury Cathedral lavuselelwa ngo-1184, kodwa ukuvulwa yayo kuye kwenzeka 1220.

Chapel entsha kancane kancane yagcwala emathuneni abakhulu kanye nosaziwayo Ephakathi. Ngakho, lapha zigcinwa izinsalela jikelele edumile Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi, Edward-Black Prince; INkosi uHenry IV Bolingbroke.

umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha obengeziwe leli sonto kwenziwe 1377, lapho oyinhloko futhi transept wanquma kabusha isitayela English Gothic. Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwango-1382 kuye kwanciphisa umsebenzi, idilike nokwelula ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo amashumi eminyaka ambalwa xaxa.

Ngemva eziningi emifanekisweni, Kulungiswa ukulungiswa lombhishobhi atholwe injalo yesimanje (ku-yalolucwaningo 30 kwekhulu XIX), lapho esikhundleni umbhoshongo ntshonalanga, lapho esongelwa ukugoqwa, lamiswao nesibuko okubonakala kuso eningizimu-ntshonalanga embhoshongweni sakhiwo esisha ngo isitayela Gothic.

Impilo lombhishobhi ekhulwini XX

1942 Kwakungesinye inselele ngoba isonto lombhishobhi lapho usebhekene kokuseshwa Luftwaffe: ezinye izakhiwo kakhulu yayinjalo. Phakathi sokubuyiselwa ngo-1954 izakhiwo wabhubhisa usubuyiselwe, futhi esontweni lombhishobhi ukulungisa okuye kwenziwa. Nokho imishini lesikhumbuzo grand ngokuvamile zidinga ukululama ezijulile kusukela ukuguguleka ebhubhisa nge-limestone yangekhulu kuso.

lombhishobhi Modern futhi indima yayo

Okwamanje, ezakhiweni zenkolo ukhonza njengomdala esontweni regimental Royal Regiment of Wales Queen. Ekwakheni kabusha kwakhe izimali ziqoqwa, ngoba isakhiwo yamandla enjalo idinga izindleko zezimali ngesondlo nokuvuselelwa.

Isikhova i-great emathempelini emhlabeni angababaza kufanele siziqhenye yokuthi zifaka zasendulo esidala kakhulu yezakhiwo, ogama iqoqo kuhlanganisa izincwajana ezingaphezu kuka-50,000 futhi izincwadi ezahlukene ukushicilelwa ongqi futhi umlando ocebile kusikisela bagcinelwe nzima.