Black ne-White zohlobo izinkomo: isici

Isivuno ubisi izinkomo incike izici isilwane, izimo, yobudala kanye nezinye izinto eziningi. Kodwa kuqala kunazo zonke - zohlobo kanye nemvelaphi. On endaweni Russian okwandile kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lokugcina engangikulo lalinegama elihle zohlobo abamnyama (nezinala) Izinkomo, okuyinto namuhla onesikhundla ehamba phambili.

ukubukeka

Phakathi izici ehlukile eziphathelene ingaphandle izilwane, yebo, it is a umbala eyinhloko. Uvolo uhlale omnyama nezinala umbala, mnandi kakhulu futhi buthambile. isikhumba Izacile yakha emphethweni kunangonyaka umzimba. Umhlane loin line ncamashi ngqo. An umzimba side of isilwane nge isisu kunalokho besiyoba sikhulu athuthukile kulingana. Umbele inkomishi emise ne iyizingxenye quin futhi kakhulu eduze-zishiyane esifubeni labaqaphi elingemuva. nemilenze eqinile akhulula ngqo. isisindo umzimba ka inkomazi buthola ngokushesha. Nge Isisindo 35 kg ngesikhathi sokuzalwa ebudaleni isisindo saso singamakhilogremu 470-550 kg nokwanda 140 cm Bulls kakhulu nzima -. Isisindo sabo kusuka 850 kuya 900 kg.

Izici zohlobo

Black ne-White zohlobo izinkomo libhekisela yobisi, inyama ngakho ikhwalithi ngempela egculisayo. Umbuzo "futhi eziningi eh inkomo unika ubisi" iyona esemqoka lapho ekuhloleni izimo zawo. Lolu hlobo ubhekwa ukuyedlula kunombolo ubisi, ubisi ezithela ngezinye izikhathi ukufinyelela 7,000 kg lactation ngayinye.

Izilwane kakhulu nezimo ukuze ezihlukahlukene izimo zezulu. Ukuze zonke izimo zezulu ukujwayela ngokushesha, kalula ukumelana amakhaza nokushisa, ube nempilo enhle futhi izivikeli mzimba ezinzile, kungase kube isikhathi eside e emadlelweni futhi asesabi ushintsho olwengeziwe. Ngo ukudla linesizotha, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi kwakukuningi ukudla - efana emadlelweni aluhlaza futhi hay silage. Njengoba sinazo zonke lezi zici, abalimi uncamela zizalela zalolu hlobo.

umsuka

Patriotic Black ne-White zohlobo izinkomo ezifuywa abalimi esikhathini 30s kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Izinkomo Local ezivela ezifundazweni ezahlukene eRussia wawela kanye izinkomo Dutch. Umsebenzi lwenziwe ngezigaba ezimbili: eyokuqala ukulungiswa nzalo ahlukahlukene ke basuke ekuthuthukiseni. Ukuqashelwa olusemthethweni Ministry of Agriculture, zohlobo njengenhlangano ezimele wathola kuphela ngo-1959, ngemva kwalokho-ke kwaduma hhayi kuphela ezweni lethu kodwa futhi phesheya, omnyama nomhlophe inkomo zohlobo.

umkhiqizo

Lokubaluleke kakhulu salokhu inkomba has izinkomo yokuzalanisa esifundeni. okuqukethwe Ubisi amanoni phakathi amaphesenti 3.2-3.9, kanye nombundu okusezingeni eliphezulu kwathiwa ebonwe izinkomo eSiberia, Estonia nase-Ukraine. amapulazi Ngokuzalanisa kungaba ukuziqhayisa ayisadingeki, ngezinye izikhathi ifinyelela 6500 kg. Ukulwa phambili futhi uqhudelane nemingcele ahlukahlukene, ukurekhoda amapulazi isimo kanye nokufinyelela udoyu. Record sibalo ngoba lamuhla 10,000-12,000 kg. isamba okunjalo ubisi lactation ngamunye namuhla anganika omnyama nomhlophe inkomo zohlobo. Izimpawu inyama ukukhiqiza kakhulu ezahlukene. 50% kuphela isivuno lokuhlaba isidumbu.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zalolu hlobo, zihlukaniswa izici zangaphandle, ngoba udoyu, kuncike ezindaweni zokuzalela. On lezi zibalo ezithinta izimo zezulu, ezingeni umsebenzi zizalela kule ndawo futhi umthombo wohlobo imfuyo.

Breed zinkomazi esifundeni Central Russia

Black ne-White zohlobo izinkomo kule ingxenye yeRussia has izici zayo siqu. Lena isilwane esikhulu kakhulu. Izinkomo une-Isisindo esivamile 650 kg kanye umkhiqizo okusezingeni eliphezulu (7500-8000 kg ubisi fat okuqukethwe hhayi ngaphansi kuka 3.6%). ngezinye izikhathi Bulls ukufinyelela isisindo 1000 kg. Lesitshalo adalwe ukweqa izinhlobo zendawo (Kholmogory, Yaroslavl et al.) Nge-German kanye Dutch. izinhlobo Inbreed ezifuywa emaphakathi neRussia (eMoscow, nepetsinsky futhi barybinsky) ahoxisiwe 2003-2004.

Breed izinkomo-black Motley isudi esifundeni esise-Ural

Lezi zilwane maningi uhlobo engasindi sisekelo ziyavumelana kakhulu futhi abe Imizimba kancane eyomile. Umbala ikakhulukazi abamnyama kanye namabala amhlophe ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, etholakala kulo lonke umzimba ngendlela kunezinxushunxushu. Ikakhulu bewela Tagil rocks izinkomo ezimhlophe aseBaltic nasengxenyeni uvele Urals, lokhu black nezinala inkomo zohlobo. ubisi isivuno izici ukuhluka: ubisi okunamafutha aphezulu, sifinyelela phezulu 4.0% ubisi isivuno akakwazi ngokuthi esikhulu kakhulu. Ngisho nasezimweni ezikhululekile kungenzeka tribal isimo emapulazini, akuvamile idlule 5500 kg. Ngo-2003, bewela izinkunzi Holstein futhi izinkomo-black Motley zohlobo abalimi wadala uhlobo ngikubhastelise - Ural.

Izinkomo Black nomhlophe eSiberia

Umphumela wezinkomo Dutch yokuzalanisa laseSiberia nge ukuvela izilwane ezinkulu futhi omkhulu nesisindo 560 kg. Isivuno ubisi ezidlula zokhahlamba kusuka 4500 kuya 5000 kg, futhi zizalela amapulazi inkomo anganika futhi 8000 kg. Ubisi has iphesenti eliphezulu amafutha. izinhlobo Inbreed wadala eSiberia (Priobsky, Ilmensky) kahle ingashintshwa ukuze laseSiberia izimo zezulu.

Ngenxa izakhi zofuzo Holstein izinkomo, Ingaphandle ikakhulukazi futhi ukukhiqiza ubisi ayabaluleka kufanana ngokwengeziwe, esesikhundleni black nezinala inkomo zohlobo. Izithombe izilwane kungatholakala ezincwadini, azihlukile kakhulu, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukunquma - zohlobo ezifuywa eSiberia futhi Urals. Bonke babe umthethosisekelo efanayo kakhulu futhi mhlawumbe Milky uhlobo kwalokho.

Holstein zohlobo izinkomo

Ukuthuthukisa zohlobo lwe-black Motley ezifuywayo izinkomo abalimi abaye bakusebenzisa umsebenzi wabo Holsteins. Ekuqaleni zaseNetherlands, lezi zilwane, ngenxa izinga eliphakeme kakhulu, zasakazekela kulo lonke izwe, othandwa kakhulu eJalimane ekubeni. ukubhaliswa ngokusemthethweni zohlobo kwaba ngo-1983 e -Nyakatfo Melika. Namuhla, yena lapho u-90% inani eliphelele izinkomo ezifuywa endaweni. umthethosisekelo eqinile futhi ukhiqizwe kakhulu baye baba kuyizimpawu ukuthi zohlobo abadumile Holstein izinkomo. umbala omnyama nomhlophe kwalezi zilwane yiyona evelele, kodwa kukhona abamele umbala omnyama ngokuphelele ngisho obomvu kanye variegated. mshini White avame esisogwini esiswini, on the imilenze futhi ichopho umsila.

Izinkomo kufanele amathambo eqinile, imisipha evuthiwe futhi ubisi wayiveza kahle amafomu. umbele Calyciform kuyahluka obunamandla. Ngelanga ubisi isivuno ongafinyelela kg engaphezu kwengu-60, futhi ukukhiqiza lactation ngalinye - 8000 kg. Ezingeni ukuphakama 150 cm izinkomo ongafinyelela Isisindo 700 kg, kwakunikelwa ngezinkunzi ezingu - phezu 1100 kg. Ngokunikeza izinga okusezingeni isilwane umsoco, lezi zibalo zingase ngisho ephakeme. Amankonyane bazalwa enesisindo 38 kuya 47 kg. Imibandela yeziboshwa abameleli Holsteins bafuna kakhulu, ngakho udinga ukuya ngalo udaba ngendlela efanele kakhulu. Abanaso high ukucindezeleka ukubekezelelana, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ithenda kakhulu futhi ehlanzekile. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, njengoba kuba nemali eyanele ukuba zondle utshani izinkomo zivuliwe uzulazula, kodwa ebusika kubalulekile ukusebenzisa hay imidumba ekudleni, sayinela ukungena ukudla nommbila.

Yaroslavl zohlobo izinkomo

Lithathwe esiFundazweni Yaroslavl by ukukhethwa izinkomo zendawo, okuyiwona lethiwa. Lolu hlobo ingenye endala eRussia, futhi namuhla abaningi esikhundleni ngeminye, ube umkhiqizo ephakeme. Lokhu izinkomo zohlobo omnyama nomhlophe kuyinto ehlukile Imizimba kancane emincane, esifubeni emincane futhi imisipha ampofu. I engavamile we suit ye Yaroslavl zohlobo kuyinto evelele umbala omnyama namabala amhlophe amancane ekhanda, emzimbeni emikhawulweni. Izilwane onesiqu esifushane, ukuthi aseqeli 127 cm ngesikhathi buyabuna nesisindo akuvamile idlule 500 kg. umbele evuthiwe imikiswe ukuma inikeza ubisi okusezingeni eliphezulu isivuno - 6000 kg, okuqukethwe amanoni 4.2-5.2%.

Namuhla Yaroslavl zohlobo ngenxa ukusebenza wabo obuthakathaka akusayi ukubaluleka kwezomnotho ezifana ngaphambili. Inani labantu base-yayo encishisiwe, kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, it ongowenani elikhulu yokuzalanisa. Ngakho, ngenxa beyizalaniselana nge yaroslavok Holstein izinkunzi, uhlobo olusha Yaroslavl zohlobo - St Michael, kokuba ukukhiqizwa okusezingeni eliphezulu ubisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane kuhluke precocity, ukuphila isikhathi eside, lula ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zendawo.

Futhi engxenyeni ezimele namuhla landile omnyama nomhlophe inkomo zohlobo. Izibuyekezo usho abanikazi eziningi eziwusizo phezu yimuphi omunye. Breeding umsebenzi, okuyinto njalo kwenziwe namuhla nale zohlobo, ihlose ukwakha isilwane esikhulu, ne abafumana umkhiqizo futhi silungise zonke amaphutha ingaphandle.