Antiyokiya Church: umlando, isimo samanje

Okwamanje, ubu-Orthodox emhlabeni kuhlanganisa nanhlanu autocephalous (ezimele) esontweni. Phakathi kwabo, ngokuvumelana yokutholwa Russian Orthodox diptych - oda bekhumbula Liturgy of the wabaBishobhi, endaweni yesithathu kuhlala iSonto Antiyokiya, okuyinto ingenye endala kakhulu emhlabeni. Umlando walo futhi izinkinga zokuphila kwanamuhla kuyoba isihloko ingxoxo yethu.

Legacy zabaPhostoli oNgcwele

Ngokusho yetinsita ke yasungulwa ngo '37 ngabaphostoli ongcwele, uPetru noPawulu, bavakashela idolobha lase-Antiyokiya, owayeseqenjini endaweni yaseSiriya lasendulo. Namuhla-ke kubizwa ngokuthi Antakya futhi ayingxenye ye-Turkey yesimanje. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuleli dolobha, abalandeli bakaJesu Kristu abangu ngokuthi amaKristu okokuqala. Lokhu kufakazelwa string yesahluko se-11 sencwadi ethi iTestamente Elisha yezEnzo.

Njengazo zonke amaKristu okuqala eminyaka, eBandla-Antiyokiya ngokushesha ngemva isisekelo salo beshushiswa kabuhlungu amaqaba. Abuqede co-ababusi kuphela okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma - uMbusi uConstantine Omkhulu Licinius ngo-313 esimemezelweni ekhethekile ibhaliswe ngokomthetho inkululeko engokwenkolo kuzo zonke izindawo ezithoba kubo, okuhlanganisa ne-Antiyokiya.

Izindela lokuqala, zizincishe injabulo futhi ekuqaleni kwayo esigungwini sabefundisi abakhulu

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngemva Antiochian iSonto iphuma komhlaba ezaziwayo, kukhona monasticism kusakazeke kangakanani kulabo izikhathi ngisho emisha yenkolo futhi yayikhona kuze ke kuphela eGibithe. Kodwa, ngokungafani izindela of eSigodini saseNayile, kanye nozakwabo yaseSiriya abangu ngaphansi ivaliwe nginqume ngaphandle yokuphila emhlabeni. Ngo kwenkululeko imisebenzi yabo evamile babe sevangeli futhi esiza abantulayo.

Lesi sithombe ishintshile kakhulu e Ngekhulu leminyaka elalandela, lapho kwakukhona lonke Umthala kufakwe umlando we Hermits isonto ababenza uhlobo atehlukanisa feat, njengoba insika-yokuhlala. Izindela, eyaduma ngale ndlela, isikhathi eside wasebenza umthandazo okuqhubekayo, ngokukhetha indawo yakhe phezulu evulekile basembhoshongweni, insika yetshe noma umane okusezingeni eliphezulu. Umsunguli wale nhlangano kubhekwa indela waseSiriya abagcotshwa lapho sibhekene saint, - uSimeyoni Stolpnik.

Antiochian iSonto Lobu-Orthodox ingenye patriarchates zasendulo impela, incwadi ukuthi izimele lamasonto endawo, eliholwa inzalamizi lalo. Okokuqala kwaba le Primate yenyuka 451 esihlalweni sobunzalamizi, uMbhishobhi Maxim, abasala e-amandla iminyaka emihlanu.

umehluko Theological ezibangele yokuhlukanisa

Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, V kanye VII e-Antiyokiya Isonto sabhekana nalo kulezi ngxabano acute phakathi alwayo izinkomba ezimbili zenkolo. Elinye iqembu lalinabashumayeli abalandeli isifundiso imvelo ezimbili likaJesu Kristu, uhlobo zakhe zaphezulu futhi womuntu, owawusekelwe kuye, hhayi ndawonye hhayi eceleni. Zibizwa ngokuthi diofizitov.

Kubaphikisi babo - miafizity - unombono ohlukile. Ngokombono wabo, ubunjalo kukaJesu Kristu kwaba nje eyodwa, kodwa ihlanganise kokubili uNkulunkulu nomuntu. Lo mqondo inqatshelwe wamemezela zezihlubuki ukuba labetibambile ngonyaka 451 eMkhandlwini wase Chalcedon. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ke asekelwe ilungelo kuleyo minyaka, uMbusi Justin mina, ababesekela i-miafizitskoy imfundiso ekugcineni ephethwe ukuba babe nobunye futhi lizuze Iningi lezakhamuzi yaseSiriya. Ngenxa yalokho, kwasungulwa i-ngebulili okufanayo, kamuva elaba umSiriya Lobu-Orthodox. Yena kuze kube manje uhlala miafizitskoy nabaphikisi bakhe baba ingxenye Greek Church.

Ngaphansi kokubusa abanqobi Arab

Ngo-May 637, Syria wahlaselwa Arabhu, okuyinto yaba inhlekelele izakhamuzi emiphakathini wakhe isiGreki Orthodox. Isimo sabo siya siba sibi nakakhulu ngenxa yokuthi abanqobi wabona kuzo hhayi kuphela ayilungile, kodwa futhi umbimbi ezingaba isitha wayo oyinhloko - waseByzantium.

Ngenxa yalokho, Umbhishobhi omkhulu e-Antiyokiya, eziqala Macedonia, oshiye le lizwe e 638, baphoqeleka ukuba bathuthe esihlalweni sakhe eConstantinople, kodwa ngemva kokufa George ngonyaka 702 sabefundisi ngokuphelele kumisiwe. Antiyokiya Isonto ngasibuyisela hlobo lwezinkawu yayo iminyaka engamashumi amane kuphela kamuva, lapho imithetho kuleyo minyaka Umbusi wamaSulumane Hisham kokumvumela kukhethwa umbhishobhi omkhulu omusha, kodwa omisiwe ukulawula Friend phezu ubuqotho bakhe.

Ukuhlaselwa Seljuk-Turks and ayehlasela Crusaders

Ekhulwini XI Antiyokiya kwavele bangene kabusha wabahlaseli. Lesi sikhathi babengamaqhawe Seljuk-Turks - omunye amagatsha abaseTurkey Western, okuthiwa ngemuva kokuthi umholi wawo Seljuk. Nokho, babengaliqondi emiselwe isikhathi eside ukubamba inzuzo yabo, njengoba emva kweminyaka eyishumi, base wangqongqoza wabonakala kulezi zingxenye yi Crusaders. Nalapha futhi, i-Church of Antiyokiya kwadingeka ukuba ezwe esindayo kakhulu ezikhathini zawo, njengoba lalibuswa amaKatolika yonke indawo ozama ukusungula ukubusa ihlelo zabo.

Kuze kube yimanje, kodwa abaye baxoshwa abusa kwa Ngalezo zinsuku uJohane Umbhishobhi, futhi endaweni yawo ufake prelate Roman Bernard. Maduze, nabo bonke ababhishobhi bama-Orthodox ezindaweni ngaphansi kwegunya le-Crusaders, kwangena sabefundisi bamaKatolika. Kule ndaba, le Antiochian uMnyango Orthodox waphinda wathuthela eConstantinople, lapho lisekhona 1261, lapho isikhundla abanqobi European buthaka kakhulu.

Ukuhambisa eDamaseku futhi ngokuqinisekile ijoka WaseTurkey

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIII, le Crusaders baphoqeleka ukuba bashiye izinto zabo zokugcina eMpumalanga, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi Orthodox, ngisho iminyaka engamakhulu amabili edlule isigamu sabantu eSyria, babhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele futhi babe ngamaqembu amancane kuphela iyona. Ngo 1342 uMnyango we wezinzalamizi Church of Antiyokiya wadluliswa eDamaseku. Kube azifaka izinsuku zethu. Lokhu, ngasendleleni, impendulo evame ukubuzwa umbuzo mayelana lapho ibandla lase-Antiyokiya namuhla.

Ngo-1517, Syria yanqotshwa yoMbuso WaseTurkey, ngakho-ke uMphathi Antiyokiya kwaba azithobe umfowabo eConstantinople. Isizathu kwaba ukuthi sekuyisikhathi eside BoMbuso WaseByzantium ibuswa Turkish, futhi umbhishobhi omkhulu waseConstantinople wajabulela ukusekelwa iziphathimandla ezithile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iSonto Lobu-Orthodox ukuthi ekhokhwa izintela eningi, in the isikhundla amalungu ayo abavamile ziwohloke okukhulu kuye kwenzeka. Hhayi kumakwe kahle futhi imizamo Islamization ophoqelelwe.

Esidlulileko futhi namuhla

Ngesikhathi umlando yamuva yeSonto Antiyokiya wajabulela ukusekelwa uhulumeni waseRussia. Kuyinto ukusekela kwakhe, e-1899 esihlalweni sobunzalamizi kwakuhlezi Orthodox Arab Meletios (Doumani). kokukhetha isiko isikhundla sokuba Arabhu kusaqhubeka nanamuhla. Kamuva Nicholas ngiphindaphinda enikeziwe esontweni imali uxhaso.

Namuhla Antiochian eSontweni Lobu-Orthodox, iphethwe namashumi ayisithupha nesikhombisa endaweni Umfundisi omkhulu wesonto irowu John X (Yazidzhi), kuhlanganisa amabili nambili besifunda-bhishobhi, futhi nenombolo ebandla, ngokusho kombiko ahlukahlukene, ububanzi esuka kubantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, esigodlweni uMbhishobhi Omkhulu u-sika itholakala eDamaseku.

ukungqubuzana Isonto eMpumalanga Ephakathi

Ngo-2013, kwabe sekuphakama ukungqubuzana phakathi namasonto amabili lasendulo emhlabeni. Isizathu sokuba ukungavumelani wakhe bakhonza njengendikimba mutual phezu amalungelo khona confessional e Qatar. Antiyokiya uMbhishobhi Omkhulu John X uzwakalise ukunganeliseki kweJerusalema lakhe uzakwabo mayelana izimangalo zakhe bhishobhi, ise-emirate elithile laseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Wathola impendulo ngesimo brooked kungekho ingxabano. Kusukela ukungqubuzana eJerusalema nase-Antiyokiya ebandleni wathatha ezingahlangani ngakho, ukuthi ngisho kwaphazanyiswa zokwemukelisa (yesonto) ukuxhumana phakathi kwabo.

ngokuqinisekile isimo enjalo kulimaze ubuqotho nobunye wonke zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni emhlabeni. Kule ndaba, kobuholi eMoscow Sabefundisi uye waveza ngokuphindaphindiwe ithemba lokuthi e-Antiyokiya nase eJerusalema esontweni uzokwazi ukuhluka zabo futhi ukuthola isisombululo, kube nokubambisana.

Ukwenqaba ukuhlanganyela kule WamaSonto Council

Kulo nyaka, kusukela 18 kuya 26 June owawuse eKrethe Pan-Orthodox (WamaSonto) umkhandlu. Nokho, waqhutshwa ngaphandle amasonto amane autocephalous bendawo, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene unqabile isimemo sokuba sibambe iqhaza. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka iSonto Antiyokiya. Cathedral Pan-Orthodox okulungiselelwe ngaphansi kwesimo izingxoxo evuthayo ezindabeni eziningi oholele ukungavumelani phakathi abahlanganyeli yaso.

Kodwa ngenxa yomsebenzi eside futhi yehlukene kaningi okubalwa okwenziwa abamelela kweBandla, kwakungenakwenzeka ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni sokuthi iningi izindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, ikhona yini imbangela yokwehluleka futhi iSonto Antiyokiya lombhishobhi. Sachazelwa embikweni wesimo omele uMnyango Synodal, senziwa ngoMeyi kulo nyaka. isinqumo esinjalo senziwe futhi nobuholi be-Bulgarian, amasonto Georgian futhi Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia.