Amazwekazi eMhlabeni. Amagama amazwekazi

amazwekazi Zomhlaba - amapheshana omkhulu sezwe abantu baphile, ukuthuthukisa yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Sinenkosi sakhiwo lesifanako kusukela iphuzu Geological umbono, kodwa ngenye indlela ngokuyisisekelo ukuhluka nomunye. Kuyinto ngenxa izingxenye idatha zomhlaba, iplanethi yethu, futhi lethiwa - Earth.

ngezigaba

Njengoba uyethemba ngokugcwele singasho ukuthi amazwekazi Zomhlaba - liyisiphephelo ngoba zonke izinto eziphilayo (ngaphandle izinhlanzi nezilwane zasolwandle). Ziyakwazi amapheshana enkulu ezweni sizungezwe amanzi izilwandle. Kungaba gulfs, ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle ngokwabo. On the indawo yamanzi yezwekazi aqukethe ohluke, zazo zigcwele amanzi ahlanzekile. Emifuleni, emachibini, emaxhaphozini nabanye. Zonke amazwekazi iplanethi enguMhlaba abe sezulu abahlukene, izici zemvelo, kuhlanganise eziningi zezilwane nezimila, kanye labantu, bakha ubunye bomuntu ngamunye ezinhlelo ingxenye yezwe ngalinye. Phakathi amazwekazi namuhla kukhona eziyisithupha: Eurasia, e-Afrika, i-Nyakatfo Melika, eNingizimu Melika, e-Australia kanye nase-Antarctica. Eurasia sehlukaniswe eYurophu nase-Asia - emibili izingxenye zomhlaba.

Umsuka nomlando

Igama elithi "izwekazi" livela continere Latin, okusho "banamathelane. ' igama enjalo ongaziwa ngenxa yezwe, ahlukaniswe amakhulu amakhilomitha, wakhethwa ngenhloso. Izazi zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba bathole ukuthi ezinkathini nezakudala (okungase kudonse izigidigidi zeminyaka, omunye ngemva komunye) united ukuthi lonke izwe Earth. Zazingekho ukwahlukana phakathi amazwekazi, amanzi wageza phezu ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba. amazwekazi Eyokuqala eMhlabeni kwamiswa ngenxa kwethuba lokuba kwenzeke inhlekelele yomhlaba wonke, okuyinto isintu ayitholakalanga esikhathini sakhe. Libuye ososayensi zezwe bexabana njalo ukuthi indawo amazwekazi endulo Sasihlukile kuzo namuhla Ephakathi. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso amakhadi eziye elaliklanywe abahambi yesikhathi. Nokho, leli qiniso akanawo yokuqinisekisa efanele, njengoba kunenkolelo ukuthi abantu kungaba iphutha ngoba yayingenamswakama ithuba ukubona isakhiwo iplanethi kusuka isikhala.

Melika kanye nezici zayo

Amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika ahlukanisa njengoba amazwekazi ezimbili ezihlukene. Ngokwabo njengoba izakhamuzi esifundeni sihlanganise nabo zibe munye. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izindawo ezinkulu komhlaba zitholakala eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe, zatholwa futhi bexhashazwa baseYurophu ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngakho-ke, Melika - nezwekazi phakathi kwamasiko amabili, ahlukahlukene futhi ethakazelisa kakhulu. Entshonalanga iplanethi kwenzeka njengoba nesimo sezulu esibandayo kakhulu futhi hot kakhulu. YeCanada babe izinguzunga zeqhwa okuphakade, eColombia Brazil, akekho owayeke wayibona iqhwa. Cishe bonke Melika - liyisiphephelo izivakashi kanye travel abathanda. Ziningi izindawo ezithakazelisayo, ukuzijabulisa nokuningi.

Imininingwane engeziwe mayelana entshonalanga iplanethi yethu

I-Nyakatfo Melika imelelwa kwala mazwe womabili: eCanada nase-United States of America. Kuxoxwa elinesimo sezulu yezwekazi, okuyinto kuphela eningizimu iya esihle. Iningi nezwekazi embozwe zasemazweni enyakatho izinqolobane coniferous, eningizimu kukhona izihlahla lezihlahla nezintende zezandla. Lawa mazwe baye bavakashela abantu kokubili izivakashi kanye zokuhlala unomphela. Kukhona amadolobha amaningi amahle ifa yemvelo.

I-Ningizimu Melika esinombala ogqamile ngaphezulu emagugu emasiko abo futhi emphakathini. Iningi lamazwe - lweSpanishi, lingandile isiPutukezi, Creole, isiFulentshi kanye nesiNgisi. Leli zwekazi eyilungu i yobuhlanga Latin America, okuyinto sihlanganisa ingxenye eyinhloko ezwekazini uthi. Konke Melika is wageza nge -Atlantic Ocean empumalanga, oLwandle iPacific kuya entshonalanga iCaribbean Sea, iseduze kwenkabazwe.

A imfihlakalo iplanethi yethu - Antarctica

Ingxenye ingxenye yesithupha yabantu emhlabeni lavulwa ngo-1820, ngemva yemibono eminingi ecatshangelwayo waqala ekhuluma mayelana le ndawo yayikhona. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube namuhla, la mazwe kukhona abantu abahlala kuyo. Azikho emadolobheni kanye namazwe, akukho ngisho nemifula kanye izitshalo, njengoba wonke izwekazi embozwe ungqimba obukhulu ice unomphela. Ngenxa yiqhwa elimboze i-Antarctica - nezwekazi eliphakeme Zomhlaba, obude kuyinto 2000 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle. Nokho, lezi zilinganiso senziwe Ngenxa zamaqhwa, kodwa empeleni izwe amanga phansi kubo, ingaphansi kolwandle. Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zindawo Sekuyisikhathi eside lihlalwe muntu, ososayensi njalo enifeza ucwaningo zabo lapha. Ngo-Antarctica ukuphenya sezulu sendawo, cwaningo sendawo, kanye ukwakha imicabango emisha mayelana amazwe ezisebusweni ekujuleni engafinyeleleki.

Australia - encane, kodwa udalenkaya

Uma ucabangela amazwekazi Umhlaba kumephu, akungabazeki, bheka-Australia, lapho itholakala phakathi Oceans Indian nasePacific Ocean, kuhlanganise neziqhingi futhi becindezelwe. Ngasenyakatho yalo, i-Eurasia, eningizimu - Antarctica. Australia uqobo, kanye iziqhingi, okuyinto zizungezwe, sibambene Australian Union futhi iyisimo kakhulu athuthukile kanye ezithuthukayo. Manje kulezi zindawo siphile njengabantwana zabantu bendawo Australia, futhi abokufika yaseNyakatho Yurophu. E-Australia, wonk 'umuntu ukhuluma ngesiNgisi, kuba ezijwayele mpilo esintu European namasiko. Imvelo lendawo sezwe futhi ngezinye izikhathi umoya. Ngenxa yokuthi lapha isikhathi eside, izintabamlilo yaqhuma kukhona iqoqo ehlane Amasimu, emihosheni nezintaba ezingaphansi kolwandle.

EYurophu nase-Asia - maphakathi nezwe

izindawo ezweni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kuyinto Eurasia. Iningi yaleli zwekazi elikhulu kuhlala Russia, eningizimu, entshonalanga nasempumalanga kulo bangabantu nezinye izifundazwe. Ingxenye ukukhanya itholakala phakathi izilwandle ezine: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian kanye Arctic. Lapha siphile eziningi ezahlukene izinhlanga, Caucasian, Mongoloid, nezinye zamaSemite. Climate nezici zemvelo nazo ahlukahlukene. Ngo-Eurasia, zikhona izindawo zokungcebeleka eziningi, amadolobha, iminyuziyamu, ukuzilibazisa izindawo kanye ukuzijabulisa for wonke akuthandayo. Njalo ilizwe kudingeka siyinake ngokukhethekile futhi esibonakala ngokuqina umlando walo, amasiko kanye izici.