Amangqamuzana egazi - Iyini? Ukwakheka egazi

Emzimbeni womuntu, okungukuthi kulungile ngempilo, amangqamuzana egazi ezakha Imininingwane igazi ivolumu 40 kuya ku-48%. Uma inani izinhlayiya ayilungile, okubonisa khona kungenzeka emzimbeni izinqubo sokugembula. Hlobo luni egazi edume kakhulu? Yiqiniso, abomvu egazi, amaseli egazi amhlophe nezinhlayiya zegazi.

Ukwakheka igazi lomuntu

Igazi kungenziwa ngokuthi ezicutshini okuyinto esimweni liquid. Uhlale ukhiphela kusuka enhliziyweni liya kuzo zonke emakhoneni akude lomzimba wenza imisebenzi ebalulekile. Lokhu biofluid unesibopho ukuthuthwa izakhi, amagesi futhi izakhi mkhondo, ngaphandle okuyinto umzimba engenakwenzeka. It kudala izimo isethi ejwayelekile izinqubo esekela ukuphila emzimbeni womuntu.

Plasma futhi egazi kukhona izingxenye igazi. Plasma bahlanganisa ikakhulu amanzi, lapho izingxenye ziyoncibilika ezidingekile ukugeleza izinqubo ezibalulekile.

Igazi has a viscosity, esithinta ingcindezi ngaphakathi umkhumbi ukusakazwa kwalo. Umthamo wegazi emzimbeni incike yobudala kanye Ukuklanywa komzimba womuntu. Ngokuyisisekelo zokhahlamba kusuka amalitha emine kuya kwemihlanu.

Kunamaqembu igazi ezine, yenziwe ngohlobo othize. Bazimisele ukuhlaziya ekhethekile, othathwe olusanda kuzalwa, okuqukethwe amaprotheni egazini. Iqembu akashintshi kukho konke ukuphila. Kuyinto ishintshe kuphela ukumpontshelwa umuntu wegazi entsha ebukhoneni ukulimala noma ukungenelela kuhlinzwa.

Umsebenzi kwamangqamuzana egazi

La mangqamuzana zenzelwe imisebenzi ebalulekile kubantu. izakhi Owenza yisisekelo amaseli idatha.

• Umsebenzi ezokuthutha unesibopho nokudluliswa izinto ezifanele kuzo zonke izindawo umzimba. Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi uyakwazi ukuhlinzeka zonke izitsha kanye nezinhlaka ezidingekayo ukuze ukusebenza evamile izinto.
• umsebenzi lokuphefumula ihambise umoya-mpilo ovela emaphashini bonke izicubu kanye izitho, futhi abuye abuyele isikhutha emuva emaphashini.
• umsebenzi Excretory ukuvimba izinhlangano ezimbi futhi bawasuse emzimbeni izinhlelo kanye nezinhlaka senzelwe le njongo.
• Umsebenzi yokudla okunempilo kubalulekile kute kucinisekiswe amaseli kanye nezinhlaka izinto ezidingekayo, ngokusiza isimiso sokuzivikela ezifweni.
• umsebenzi Wokulawula lisiza ekulondolozeni ukulinganisela phakathi izinto kuwusizo futhi kuyingozi. Ingqikithi oyifunayo nge igazi engena kuzo zonke izindawo umzimba eziyingozi zisuswe yilo.
• umsebenzi trophic kuyadingeka ukuze ondle izakhi nemizimba ufake umzimba ogangeni emathunjini.
• Umsebenzi zokuzivikela imelelwa zinhlobo ezintathu. umsebenzi Phagocytic kwenza ukumuncwa amaseli enempilo futhi igciwane nezifo. Homeostatic ikhuthaza igazi ekunqandeni lapho ubuqotho Izilonda, igcina ukugeleza izinqubo ezithile egazini. Umsebenzi wesithathu - thermoregulatory. Igazi ehilelekile thermoregulation yomzimba, ukuvikela ke okweqile kanye overcooling.
• Imisebenzi okuyiwona ngokuvamile kukhona egazi wemfanelo - ezokuthutha, homeostatic futhi uyavikela.

Ezemfundo nokutadisha imisuka idatha yegazi

Shaped womuntu izakhi igazi akhiwa izitho igazi-ukwakha. Bona eyabelwe izindima ezahlukene emzimbeni. Uma umuntu agule, ngokushesha ngemuva nokuvuthwa zingena yi-plasma, basakazwa wonke umzimba futhi ngokushesha saqala ukwenza umgomo wayo. Uma umuntu ukugula okungathí sina, lezi zinto kungavela umnkantsha, ekugcineni ukuvuthwa.

By corpuscles igazi namangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe nezinhlayiya zegazi.

Namuhla, ukuze sithole ukuthi inombolo kuyinto evamile, ukuhlaziya esabela uchwepheshe, ngemva kwalokho ungafunda ukuthi izakhi zikhona plasma eziningi enganele.

Uma ezinsukwini ubudala, ochwepheshe ngokwabo pored ezibonakalayo, ukuhlaziywa wenziwa namuhla usebenzisa amadivaysi ezikhethekile. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ngesikhathi esifushane ukuze uthole umphumela olunembile.

Ukwakheka egazi

Abomvu egazi ashaye - amangqamuzana abomvu egazi - akha mass enkulu lonke inani izakhi iyunifomu. I-hemoglobin, ayegcwele yensimbi, ingxenye obomvu egazi futhi unesibopho ukulethwa umoya-mpilo emzimbeni. Ngenxa hemoglobin egazini libomvu, kalula akha compounds nomoya-mpilo. namachibi izinqubo incike inani elithwala umoya-mpilo.

Ngu egazini corpuscles futhi zihlanganisa leukocyte, umsebenzi zokuzivikela. Ngokusho ubungako bawo, yiwo amaseli ngaphezulu abomvu. Izilokazane ezincane babambeke igazi, futhi kugaywe ethumba izakhi idatha.

Ama-platelet I (thrombocytes) banesibopho igazi ekunqandeni.

Injongo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu

Lezi egazi (RBCs) zifane e amasondo ukuma engonxantathu ka ububanzi ezithile. Ngenxa ivumelana nezimo, kalula ukuhambisa ngokusebenzisa capillary kukhona izitsha kulencane igazi emzimbeni.

Igazi lomuntu iqukethe omningi abomvu egazi, ukuthi uma ukwakha uchungechunge, lapho lezi zinto izolandela nomunye, uthola izikhathi ezimbalwa ukuze ugoqe umhlaba enkabazwe. Lezi zici ukwakha kuthiwa kukalwa inani lamaseli ilitha.

Inani evamile kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu e abameleli kokubili iduna nensikazi, izinsana nabantu abadala liyashintshashintsha ngaphakathi kwemingcele ethile.

Amangqamuzana abomvu kukhona 95% i-hemoglobin, abanalo ikhono ukunamathisela kalula ngokwabo kuya kuma-atom umoya-mpilo bese ukhipha kubo. Igazi ahlanganiswe-mpilo kugeleza imithambo futhi esibonakala ngokuqina umbala.

Kuba mnyama kakhulu uma akunika umoya-mpilo futhi ithumba doti. Wabe odlula ngemithambo ukuba inhliziyo, indlela othola ukuthi uhlanzekile. Ukuhlaziya isakhiwo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, qiniseka ukusungula kangakanani-hemoglobin ziqukethe ngokwazo.

Injongo eyinhloko okuyinto enze lezi egazi - yisona kwezidingo oksijini izinto ezibalulekile kubo bonke amaseli, ukuhlanza lokugcina imikhiqizo kwamazinyo futhi ukulethwa yabo isiwe kwezinye izitho zomzimba kohlelo excretory.

Ubude ukuphila kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu

Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi niphile cishe izinyanga ezine. Emva kwalesi sikhathi basuke ngaphansi nokwahlukana, kanye okuholela ukusabela eziyinkimbinkimbi kwakheka into enobuthi ngokuthi bilirubin. It is neutralized esibindini, kuyinto ingxenye Bile, eqondiswa phakathi ingemuva kanye khona ehilelekile izinqubo wokugaya ukudla. Khona-ke inani eyinhloko bilirubin ushiya umzimba kanye indle futhi okusele ephunyuka umchamo kokuba ethole filtration yi izinso.

Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi zingase zephule emaqhingeni ezimbili eziqondile. Abakwazi ukushwabadela amaseli ethile okuthiwa phagocytes, okuyinto zenzelwe ukususa umzimba wonke engadingekile. Inani elikhulu phagocytes itholakala sesibindi ubende, futhi ngenxa yalokho lezi zindikimba ngezinye izikhathi kubhekiselwa kuzo izindawo yokungcwaba izakhi idatha yegazi. Isikimu sesibili kuhilela kuqedwa egazi abomvu inqubo nolokubhujiswa igobolondo zabo ngqo egazini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona inqubo ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo, ngisho nalapho entsha, kodwa ibuthakathaka noma ukukhubazeka abomvu egazi ayafa ngesikhathi ukugeleza kwegazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izifo ezithile ayakwazi ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Mayelana onomopho yabo bavele ngaphambi kokumethemba abomvu egazi ashaye inqubo hematopoiesis - reticulocytes. Zingase zingabonisi ngefaneleko ngokugcwele. Inani elikhulu reticulocytes kubonisa khona kwezinso emzimbeni.

Quantitative ivolumu corpuscular ingase ihluke kancane. Ezimweni eziningi, lokho kungalimaza izici ezihlukahlukene bokuphila amathonya kwemvelo. Inani evamile amangqamuzana abomvu angase futhi ziyahlukahluka ngaphansi kwethonya izifo ezihlukahlukene.

okusho leukocyte

Okunye izakhi kwegazi - leukocyte - ukuthola Amagciwane abanjwe emzimbeni, ukufa nokuba othola izinguquko kumaseli, kwamukele futhi chaza kubo. Leukocyte ziyingxenye ebalulekile kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni.

Ingabe emihlanu izinhlobo zamangqamuzana amhlophe. eliningi yabo eyinhloko akhiqizwa umnkantsha amathambo ingxenye encane - e lymph node kanye kwezitho zomzimba ezithile. Ngempela ukwenza ukubala okuqukethwe leukocyte-plasma. Ngenxa leukocyte ekhethekile laboratory zingathola ifomula elibonisa olinganise izinhlobo leukocyte kanye nobuhlobo babo ne namazinga.

Inani la izakhi bedle izici ezithile zingashintsha njalo usuku lonke: emva kokudla, umsebenzi, ukuzijabulisa okugeza, ukusetshenziswa isiphuzo esishisayo. Ngemva okuqukethwe imithi leukocyte kungandisa kakhulu, Nokho uma isiguli kuthatha iyiphi imithi, kubalulekile ukutshela ubuciko okwesikhathi esithile ngaphambi ukulethwa yokuhlaziya akuthathi imithi.

Uhlaziyo Kunconywa ukuthatha ekuseni esiswini esingenalutho. Liphinde belulekwa ukuba ayiyeke le umsebenzi futhi ukubhema, ungachithi isikhathi ugeza noma eshaweni, ukuze bazivikele ukucindezeleka nezinye izinto ukuthi agqugquzele isimiso sokuzivikela ezifweni.

izinhlobo zamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi

Amangqamuzana amhlophe babe umehluko injongo yabo, isakhiwo kanye nokusungulwa. Zonke izinhlobo leucocytes afakwa ikhono avuze ngokusebenzisa izindonga capillary e indwangu, kokuba umonakalo futhi uthathe Amagciwane.

Ngu amaseli weengazi zihlanganisa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo egazi amhlophe ukuthi banesibopho imisebenzi ethile:

• neutrophil futhi monocytes - ukwazi ukubona Amagciwane nezicubu efile bababhubhise;
• eosinophils - ulwa ubuthi, basophils - nomzimba;
• Inhloso synthesize amasosha omzimba lymphocyte obhekene inkumbulo mzimba.

Isikhathi impilo leukocyte

Ihlala Isikhathi Esingakanani I kwakheka izakhi we-data kuncike ezicini ezithile futhi kungaba athathe amahora ambalwa kuya eminyakeni eminingana. amaseli amaningi amhlophe egazi bayabulawa ngokuhamba umzabalazo ukungalingani ngenombolo enkulu Amagciwane, isb. A. Ukudla yokugcina, bangase liqhume.

Ezindaweni Kumiswa kokufa lezi zinto ezakhiwe (amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi) ubomvu, okubangela ukulwa amangqamuzana amasha mzimba.

Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwembule umehluko okukhulu phakathi isibalo kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ne evamile, lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthuthukiswa pathologies sokukhathazeka sina. Ukuze unombono ngalesi sifo, udinga ukuhlolwa nguchwepheshe.

umehluko zegazi

Iningi kulencane egazi - ke nama-platelet. Babukeka njengezihlahla amapuleti amancane futhi banesibopho igazi ekunqandeni. Ukuvuthwa umnkantsha, izinhlayiya zegazi kuthiwa engena phakathi plasma. Inkathi lempilo zegazi kuthatha cishe izinsuku zaba yisishiyagalombili, bese bebhujiswa e ubende.

Egazi (izinhlayiya zegazi) afakwa ukuhamba, futhi impendulo leso yezinguquko ubuqotho isikhumba nezicubu ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Kweso zivela endaweni neziyaluyalu, ethe njo ndawonye futhi ezilimele izicubu site, isebenze izingxenye ezithile. Ngenxa yalesi imisiwe isilonda, ukuphulukisa kanye isinqumo. Lezi egazi - sokutakula emzimbeni womuntu ukuze awuvikele ukopha.

Ukubala platelet ulinganiswa izinkulungwane per 1 microliter kwegazi. Ngoba abantu, kuyinsakavukela kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 200-400 amayunithi / ml, futhi abesifazane - amayunithi ayizinkulungwane 180-320 / ml. okuqukethwe kwabo enganele kungaholela ngelula ukuphulukiswa amanxeba kanye ukopha zangaphakathi esibangela izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo. Encishisiwe platelet count egazini kungaholela nokusondelana izizathu ezithile: ukuntuleka amavithamini athile, ukudla kungapheli, umzimba wakho uxabana imithi, izifo ezithile nabanye.

Bande inani zegazi kubangela ukwakheka normal amahlule emzimbeni. amahlule Igazi akhiwa ngenxa ukusunduza ndawonye zegazi kanye isitsha izindonga. Bayakwazi ukuvimba onomopho, nakho ezimweni eziningi okubangela ukufa uma amahlule zitholakala endaweni inhliziyo noma ubuchopho. Uma ihlule legazi evala isitsha kwenye ingxenye yomzimba ngaphandle izicubu ukudla iqala ukufa, okungabangela esibhibhayo noma sepsis.

Ngakho, egazi - namangqamuzana obhekene izici zayo eziyingqayizivele ngokuqinile basakaza.