Amandla supply (12 V) ngezandla zakhe. Amandla supply wesifunda iyunithi 12 Volt

Amandla kagesi 12 volt ugesi kuzovumela nganoma yisiphi lisebenze kulo muzi, okubalwa ngisho laptop. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi laptop voltage Okokufaka 19 volts. Kodwa izosebenza kahle uma ubamba ngesigezo 12. Nokho, kwamanje obungu-10 Amps. Kuphela zimiso ukusetshenziswa kuza kakhulu kuyaqabukela, isilinganiso kugcinwa at 2-4 Amps. Okukodwa okumele ukucabange - ngezinga eliphakeme esikhundleni ugesi ukusebenzisa ezenziwe ekhaya esakhelwe ibhethri ngeke zisebenze. Noma kunjalo, ngamandla nezelani 12 volts Luhle, ngisho leli thuluzi.

Amandla kagesi nemingcele

Amapharamitha ezibaluleke kakhulu kwanoma iyiphi kwamandla - kungcono okukhipha voltage zamanje. Amanani abo sincike komunye - kusukela wire asetshenziswe yesibili emazombezombe we transformer. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa mayelana nendlela yokuqhuba ukukhetha kuzoxoxwa ngemva kwesikhashana. Ukuze mina, kufanele nquma kusengaphambili inhloso ohlela ukusebenzisa ugesi 12 volts. Uma ufuna amandla ephansi amandla apharathasi - amatilosi, LED, nokunye, kwanele ukuba okukhiphayo 2-3 Amps. Futhi lokhu kuzoba eziningi.

Kodwa uma uhlela ukuyisebenzisa ukuze afeze izenzo esibi kakhulu - isibonelo, lokukhokhisa ibhethri imoto, uzodinga ukuphuma 6-8 Amps. Ukushaja zamanje Kufanele ibe ngaphansi ngokuphindwe kayishumi nomthamo ibhethri - nale mfuneko kufanele inake. Uma kukhona isidingo ukuxhuma amadivayisi, voltage supply okuyinto sihluke kakhulu 12 Volt, kunengqondo ukusetha ukulungiswa.

Indlela ukukhetha transformer

Isici sokuqala - Converter voltage. Transformer kusiza ukutjhugulula AC voltage ka 220 volts ukuba amplitude efanayo, kodwa ukubaluleka lincane kakhulu. Okungenani, udinga i-value ezincane. Ukuze ephezulu amandla amayunithi njengesisekelo esingazithatha transformer TS-270. It has amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngisho kukhona 4 Windings, okuyinto inkinga 6.3 volts ngamunye. Babesebenzisa cleaner amashubhu Ukushisa ukudla. Kalula ukuphuma kuso, ungenza ugesi 12 Volt 12 Amp, okungase ukushaja ngisho ibhethri yemoto.

Kodwa uma unganelisekile ngokuphelele emazombezombe yayo, kungenzeka ukususa zonke yesibili, kusale kuphela inethiwekhi. Futhi ukubamba izintambo emazombezombe. Inkinga ukuthi ukubala inani elidingekayo ematfuba. Ngenxa yalesi singasebenzisa ukucabanga uhlelo elula - ukubala inani Windings yakhiwa yesibili emazombezombe oveza 6.3 volts. Manje nje uhlukanise 6.3 ngenani ematfuba. Bese uthola ukubaluleka voltage, ezingasetshenziswa zisuswe nge iluphu eyodwa ngocingo. It uhlala kuphela ukubala malini udinga umoya ohlobo ukuthola esidayisa 12.5-13 volts. Kungaba ngcono nakakhulu uma okukhiphayo kuyoba ngasikhathi 1-2 volts ephakeme kunaleyo voltage oyifunayo.

ukukhiqizwa rectifier

Uyini rectifier, futhi ziyini? Le divayisi kusekelwe Semiconductor diodes, okuyinto i-transducer. Ngalo, i zamanje kushintshana is kuguquka DC. Ukuze ukuhlaziya esigabeni rectifier Usebenzisa oscilloscope sobala. Uma ubona phambi diodes sinusoid ngemva kwabo kuyoba umugqa cishe flat. Kodwa izingcezu ezincane we wave sine zisazohlala. Lahla kubo ngemva.

Ngu kukhethwa diodes okufanele zithathwe sina kakhulu. Uma okuphakela amandla ukuze 12 volts isetshenziswa njengophawu zaryadchika ibhethri, isidingo ukusebenzisa izakhi Inani lamanje kabani reverse 10 amperes. Uma sihlose ukuba afeze low-voltage ugesi abathengi, kwanele ngeke ukwakha ibhuloho. Lapha kuwufanele stop. Kukhethwa ikakhulu circuit rectifier, eqoqwe uhlobo kwebhuloho - diodes ezine. Uma sisebenzisa Semiconductor efanayo (isigamu-wave wesifunda), nekusebenta ugesi kuyehla pheze ngesiquntu.

inhlangano isihlungi module

Manje, lapho okukhiphayo has a voltage DC, kubalulekile ukuthi kulombhalo block amandla 12 volts ukuthi ingasebenza ngcono. Ngenxa yale njongo kubalulekile ukusebenzisa okuhlungayo. Amandla nemishini ekhaya ukusebenzisa LC-chain ngokwanele. On kubalulekile ukutshela kabanzi. Ukuze okukhiphayo omuhle esiteji rectifier ixhunyiwe inductance - mpintsha. Lamanje ngizodabula ke, lesi esokuqala filtration esiteji. Kube sekulandela yesibili - i capacitor electrolytic nge obunamandla (ayizinkulungwane eziningana microfarads).

Ngemva ophendulayo ixhunywe omuhle capacitor electrolytic. okukhipha sayo sesibili exhunywe kwi phansi (lokususa). Ingqikithi yalo capacitor electrolytic ukuthi ikuvumela ukuba balahle zonke AC ingxenye. Khumbula, ngezinye ekhishwa rectifier abangu izingcezu ezincane igagasi sine? Lapha, kubalulekile ukuba ayibulale, noma ugesi 12 Volt 12 Amp ngeke iphazamise amadivaysi ezixhunywe kulo. Ngokwesibonelo, emsakazweni noma umsakazo ihlaba umkhosi buzz eqinile.

Ukuqina kwe-voltage okukhiphayo

Ngoba njengoba sinjalo we voltage okukhiphayo angasebenzisa kuphela ngesinye sezinqumo Semiconductor. Lokhu kungaba diode nge voltage zokusebenza 12 volts, nokuningi yesimanje futhi eyinkimbinkimbi inhlangano uhlobo LM317, LM7812. Kwakamuva eyenzelwe voltage sinjalo ngo-12 volts. Ngakho-ke, ngisho ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi okukhiphayo rectifier esiteji 15 volts ngemva sinjalo kuyoba 12. kuphela Zonke ezinye ingena ukushisa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kubalulekile ukufaka isimame ku kurediyetha.

voltage isiqondiso 0-12 V

Ukuze sikwazi ukwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene enkulu kudivayisi kufanele usebenzise wesifunda esilula okungatholakala eyakhelwe emva kwamaminithi ambalwa. Lokhu kungenziwa lwenteke esebenzisa eshiwo ngaphambili LM317 inhlangano. umehluko kusuka kuqiniswa wesifunda usuke imodi kuphela incane. I ikhefu wire, okuyinto uya lokususa, esitshalweni Resistor variable 5 ohms. Phakathi inhlangano esidayisa kanye ukumelana kuhlanganisiwe Resistor elibanzi mayelana 220 ohms. A phakathi input bese okukhipha of isimame ukuhlanekezela ukuvikelwa voltage - the diode Semiconductor. Ngakho, amandla supply 12 volts, ezandleni eqoqwe, ibe idivayisi multifunction. Manje ihlala yodwa ukwenza inhlangano yalo futhi yokulinganisa esikalini. Futhi ungenza okukhipha ukubeka voltmeter electronic, lapho bese ubuka voltage zamanje.