Amadivayisi, kufakwe processor: incazelo imisebenzi

Namuhla, indawo yokulala emizini iningi abakhileyo emazweni asethuthukile computer amaningana kanye amaphilisi kanye namanye amadivayisi mobile. "Inhliziyo" noma processor (CPU noma CPU). Anakho isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-PC, kufanele wazi ukuthi ingxenye processor.

Injongo nemisebenzi

Ngaphambi ukuhlola amadivaysi ayingxenye CPU, kufanele wazi ukuthi yini ngenxa. Ngakho, i-CPU - PC kudivayisi emaphakathi. Ukhetho lwakhe - kuyinto:

• ukulawula ukusebenza kwe-computer ngokulandela uhlelo unikezwa;
• enze ulwazi ekucubunguleni imisebenzi.

Amadivayisi, kufakwe processor

Okwamanje, i-CPU kuyinto IC chip ekhethekile.

Amadivayisi, kufakwe processor - kuyinto:

• ukubhalisa;
• isilondolozi;
• nedatha ibhasi amakheli;
• Alu (izibalo logic unit);
• izibalo isilekeleli silawuli.

ukubhalisa

Lokhu block memory amaseli ukuthi zakha inkumbulo ultra-fast ngaphakathi CPU. Isetshenziselwa lazivulekela futhi ayitholakali program. Umthamo wememori kuyinto amabhayithi ambalwa kuphela.

CPU amarejista zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: inhloso jikelele futhi ekhethekile.

Amarejista ezindawo uhlobo 1 ezisetshenziswa uma ababulawa operation logic futhi izibalo-uhlobo imisebenzi noma ezinye imfundo lishona, ezifana SSE, MMX, nokunye.

Amarejista yohlobo yesibili iqukethe idatha uhlelo adingekayo ukusebenza kwe-processor. Lezi zihlanganisa ezincwadini control, uhlelo amakheli, ukulungisa iphutha nokunye. Ukufinyelela kubo akuvunyelwe ezilawulwayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivayisi njenge iphathelene counter uhlelo equkethe ikheli imfundo ukusebenzisa i-CPU ngeke uqhubekele umjikelezo olandelayo wokusebenza.

inkumbulo Inqolobane

Amadivayisi, kufakwe processor, kukhona ezihlukahlukene. Lezi zihlanganisa inqolobane. Kuyinto Scratchpad. Injongo ukusetshenziswa kwalo - kusheshiswe PC yakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lo ukufinyelela CPU inkumbulo iyenziwa okokuqala, ukuthi idatha iceliwe kule isilondolozi zigcinwa. Ngenxa yale njongo, qhathanisa ikheli uzokwaziswa nezindinganiso zonke ithegi isilondolozi, okuyinto zingagcinwa idatha. Lifana ithegi isilondolozi umugqa ibizwa ngokuthi hit (isilondolozi hit). Endabeni okuphambene isilondolozi fixed miss. Inqolobane hit ivumela processor ukuba ngokushesha ukukhiqiza Ukufundwa noma ukurekhoda idatha kuhambisana ithegi ifaniswe. Inqolobane kahle isilinganiso algorithm ekhethiwe (Uhlelo) iyona isilinganiso sesibalo udavshihsya isilondolozi hit ukuba lonke inani izicelo imemori processor, ngokuthi imiphumela elinganiselwe.

Alu

Nakuba amanye amadivayisi kufakwe processor babe inkumbulo lalo, Alu kuyinto ekhethekile izakhi inhlanganisela wesifunda ngaphandle inkumbulo siqu. Inhloso yayo ukusebenzisa imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ukucubungula idatha:

• 2 uthola we- okokufaka 2 (okuqukethwe irejista 2 nokunye.);
• yakha kanye Imiphumela umphumela wokusebenza.

Siqukethe ekufezeni iqoqo imisebenzi elula izibalo (AO), ihlukaniswe yaba 3 izigaba eziyinhloko: logic, izibalo kanye nemisebenzi ku izingcezu. Njengoba - inqubo idatha ukucutshungulwa (ukususa, kwalokho, ukubuyabuyelela noma division), ama-agumenti futhi umphumela amelela izinombolo. Yehluka imisebenzi okunengqondo. Aqondakala nezinqubo zokwenza ukwakhiwa izitatimende eziyinkimbinkimbi (FUTHI, HHAYI, NOMA).

Arithmetic logic iyunithi siqukethe amarejista nokulawula logic ne nebululu. Isebenza ngokuhambisana amakhodi we imisebenzi eyenziwa phezu lokwehlukile ezibekwe amarejista.

ikheli kanye nedatha ibhasi

Lezi amadivayisi ayingxenye processor, kuthiwa iqoqo babashayeli. Eyokuqala yalezi senzelwe ukudluliselwa inkumbulo uzibhekisa okuyinto ukuthumela idatha. Ukuze ngamunye wabo ke idluliselwa 1 kancane. It sifana omunye idijithi kwekheli. Ukwandisa inani babashayeli esetshenziswa ukwakha amakheli, lwenza ukumaka amaseli ngaphezulu. Bit imigqa ichaze lemali inkumbulo okungaba addressable yi processor.

Uma ibhasi idatha kuqhathaniswa umgwaqo ovulekile futhi ukucabangela amandla ayo nenani kwemizila ke ibhasi ikheli elihlobene ne-ye ezitaladini noma izindlu. Inani imigqa yayo zilingane nesibalo kwamadijithi (ubuningi) egumbini lendlu. Ngakho, uma ungakwazi ibe namadijithi angu engaphezu kwemibili idesimali, inombolo ahlelwe kwalo izinombolo amakhaya endlini ngesikhathi emgwaqweni esithile akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-100 (m. E. 102). Lapho izinombolo ezingu-3 amakheli kungenzeka luyanda 103.

Bus ikheli kanye nedatha zizimele, futhi chipset onjiniyela bakhethe kancane zabo wena uwedwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuka idatha ibhasi ibhithi okwengeziwe, kulapho wabo kanye ibhasi le-imeyili. umthamo wabo - inkomba yokuthi processor namakhono athile. Ikakhulukazi, ikhono ibhasi processor e idatha ulwazi exchange enqunywe yilo, futhi bit ikheli umugqa kubonisa yizinkumbulo, abasebenza ngazo kulo ongasebenza ngayo.

izibalo isilekeleli silawuli

Eqhubeka uhlole ukuthi ingxenye CPU sekhompyutha, kubalulekile ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana nale divayisi. Kuhloswe ukuba sandise izici CPU futhi ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza walo module okuthiwa elintantayo-iphuzu izilimi ukuthi awunayo i-module ihlanganiswe.

Izibalo isilekeleli silawuli akuyona phakathi izakhi esiyisibopho PC, futhi ungakwazi ukuyeka. Ngaphambili, abakhiqizi abaningi futhi wathola ngesisekelo ngokucabangisisa umnotho.

Nokho, ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezidinga ukwenza izibalo eziningi zezibalo (tekubala ezesayensi noma ubunjiniyela), kwadingeka ukuxazulula umbuzo okwandisa PC ukusebenza.

Uma ngaphambi izibalo isilekeleli silawuli modules efakwe umbadlana njengendlela chip ezihlukene, PC yesimanje ukusetshenziswa kule divayisi ngalesi sakhiwo kungadingeki, njengoba ekuqaleni afakwa CPU.

Amanye amadivayisi PC

Personal computer - kuyinto uhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ngokushelela esebenza ngayo.

Wonke amadivayisi kungenzeka ezakha uhlu ikhompyutha amagama ambalwa akunakwenzeka.

Ngaphezu wokugaya, PC futhi kuhlanganisa:

• a umbadlana nge isixhumi ohlanganisa CPU;
• hard drive, kanye idrayivu oshayelayo disk ;
• ugesi;
• RAM;
• oshayelayo CD kanye DVD-ngemoto;
• uxhumano (izimbobo) amadivayisi ezengeziwe, kanjalonjalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivaysi ezahlukene neuropathy, ezifana:

• ikhompyutha igundane;
• ikhibhodi;
• umbhobho;
• Izikhulumi nokunye.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi ukuthi wonke amadivaysi kungenzeka ukuthi ayingxenye ikhompyutha - iyingxenye kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi, kulawulwa processor. indima yayo ayikwazi overestimated, njengoba umsebenzi PC incike ekusebenzeni kwawo okuvamile. Okwamanje, ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi emashumini eminyaka ezayo ye izilimi impahla nezinguquko eziphawulekayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inqubo iyoba esiphelelwe isikhathi, indawo evamile ikhompyutha quantum kuyofika, begazi nokunye. Ezamakhompiyutha.